美国中西部激烈选战中的民主党人在跨性别者权利策略上出现分歧 10月8日——在上一届美国大选中对跨性别者问题措手不及之后，正在面临激烈中期选举的民主党人正采取不同策略。据路透社对竞选宣传信息以及九名党内策略专家和内部人士的采访分析，部分候选人采取了更为保守的立场，另一些则试图转移话题。
Democrats in tight Midwest US races split on trans rights strategy Oct 8 - After being caught flat-footed on transgender issues in the last US election, Democrats in tight midterm races are pursuing different strategies, with some adopting more conservative stances and others trying to deflect, according to a Reuters review of campaign messaging and interviews with nine party strategists and insiders.
在11月3日大选之前，处境不利的共和党候选人再次发起针对跨性别者权利的攻势。政治策略家表示，这一议题曾帮助唐纳德·特朗普及其政党在2024年赢得华盛顿的全面执政权。
Ahead of the November 3 election, vulnerable Republican candidates have renewed their attacks over transgender rights, a message that political strategists say helped Donald Trump and his party win unified control of Washington in 2024.
作为回应，一些民主党候选人在跨性别者参与女子体育项目以及对未成年人进行性别确认治疗等问题上，逐渐向共和党的立场靠拢。另一些候选人则试图将讨论焦点重新引向经济衰退以及特朗普与伊朗之间不受欢迎的战争。
In response, some Democratic candidates have moved closer to Republican positions on transgender participation in women's sports and gender-affirming care for minors. Others are seeking to redirect the conversation back to the flagging economy and Trump’s unpopular war with Iran.
这些不同策略在艾奥瓦州和俄亥俄州表现得尤为明显。这两个州在特朗普时代长期由共和党主导，但如今却出现了激烈的国会和州长选举竞争。
The different strategies can be seen most clearly in Iowa and Ohio, states that Republicans have dominated during the Trump era but which now feature competitive congressional and gubernatorial races.
这些中西部州的民主党人能否说服温和选民认同他们在跨性别者问题上的立场，或成功转移话题，将决定他们能否从文化保守派中赢回多少支持，并可能预示该党2028年总统候选人将如何处理这一问题。
Whether Democrats in these Midwestern states can convince moderate voters they agree with their views on trans issues, or successfully change the topic, could determine how much support they are able to win back from cultural conservatives — and could foreshadow how the party's presidential hopefuls handle the issue in 2028.
批评者警告称，在跨性别者问题上向共和党靠拢，不太可能为民主党带来新的支持，反而可能疏远LGBTQ选民以及党内日益崛起的进步派力量。
Critics warn that moving towards Republicans on trans issues is unlikely to win Democrats new support, and risks alienating LGBTQ voters and the party’s ascendant progressive wing.
民主党向右转 在艾奥瓦州，民主党州长候选人罗布·桑德、参议员候选人乔什·图雷克，以及国会候选人林赛·詹姆斯和莎拉·特龙·加里奥特，均与他们在跨性别者问题上的进步立场保持距离。
DEMOCRATS MOVE RIGHT In Iowa, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Rob Sand, Senate candidate Josh Turek and congressional candidates Lindsay James and Sarah Trone Garriott have all distanced themselves from progressive positions on transgender issues.
“我反对允许男性进入女性更衣室，并且主张应该由父母而非政客来为孩子做出决定，”特龙·加里奥特（Trone Garriott）在最近的一则广告中说道。
“I oppose letting men in women's locker rooms and voted to let parents, not politicians, make decisions for their kids,” Trone Garriott said in a recent ad.
LGBTQ权益倡导者批评这种言论，认为将跨性别女性错误地称为“男性”是对该党LGBTQ支持者的背叛——尤其是在这个他们尤为脆弱的时刻。
LGBTQ advocates have criticized such language, saying misgendering transgender women as men represents a betrayal of the party's LGBTQ supporters at a uniquely vulnerable moment.
自重新执政以来，特朗普要求联邦政府仅承认两种性别；试图禁止跨性别者参军；限制跨性别女孩参加女子体育赛事，并试图减少联邦政府对未成年人性别确认治疗的资助。
Since returning to office, Trump has directed the federal government to recognize only two sexes; sought to bar transgender people from military service; restricted transgender girls' participation in women's sports, and moved to limit federal support for gender-affirming care for minors.
“你不必为了赢得选举而屈服、使用共和党的论调，”艾姆·维克滕达尔（Aime Wichtendahl）说道。她是爱荷华州首位当选为州议员的跨性别者。
“You don't have to capitulate and use Republican talking points to win elections,” said Aime Wichtendahl, the first transgender person elected to the Iowa General Assembly.
州长候选人罗布·桑德（Rob Sand）上个月对《Politico》表示：“女子体育赛事就是为女孩们准备的。”他的这种立场似乎奏效了：民调显示他有望成为自2006年以来首位赢得州长选举的民主党人。
Gubernatorial candidate Rob Sand told Politico last month that "girls' sports are for girls." And his approach may be working, with polls showing him favored to become the first Democrat to win the governor's race since 2006.
在最近的一次市政厅会议上，他表示：“在跨性别女性和女孩是否应该被允许参加女子体育赛事的问题上，我倾向于赞同共和党的观点。”“懦夫！”现场有男子愤怒地喊道。“父母最清楚什么对孩子最好。”
At a recent town hall he said “I tend to agree” with Republicans that transgender women and girls should be barred from female sports teams. “Coward!” a man in the room shouted in protest. 'PARENTS KNOW WHAT'S BEST'
跨性别议题在俄亥俄州也备受关注；2024年特朗普在该州以高票优势获胜。
Transgender issues have also featured prominently in Ohio, which Trump carried by double digits in 2024.
共和党候选人德里克·梅林正在竞选第9选区的国会议员。他在9月10日发布的一则广告中称，现任民主党议员玛西·卡普图尔“投票允许生理上为男性的选手与女选手同场竞技”。
Republican Derek Merrin, running to represent the 9th congressional district, released a September 10 ad saying that Democratic incumbent Marcy Kaptur had “voted to let biological men compete against girls in their sports.”
卡普图尔所处的选区最近进行了重新划分，她的竞选形势十分艰难。一周后，她回应称自己曾与共和党人一起投票，禁止跨性别者参与学校体育活动，理由是“家长们最了解什么对孩子有益”——并强调“男孩不应该参加女子体育比赛”。
Kaptur, who faces an uphill race in her recently redrawn district, countered a week later with an ad saying she had “voted with Republicans to keep transgender ideology out of our schools because parents know what’s best for their kids … and boys should not play in girls’ sports.”
这则广告遭到了当地LGBTQ组织的批评；卢卡斯县石墙民主党组织在给卡普图的信中写道：“她正在与共和党人一起‘竞相堕落’。”当被要求对此作出回应时，卡普图的竞选团队并未予以回应。
The ad was criticized by local LGBTQ organizations, including the Lucas County Stonewall Democrats, who wrote in a letter to Kaptur that she was “engaged in a race to the bottom with Republicans.”Asked for a response to that letter, Kaptur's campaign did not respond.
前民主党参议员谢罗德·布朗正在与得到特朗普支持的乔恩·赫斯特德竞争。埃隆·马斯克的竞选团队最近发布了一则广告，指责布朗支持某种“极端主义”政策，称这种政策会导致儿童通过“性别转换手术”受到虐待和剥削。尽管民调显示布朗略领先于赫斯特德，但他选择不与对方争论，而是将这些攻击视为对更紧迫问题的转移注意力：“在当前这种情况下，他们还在讨论这些琐事吗？”一位出现在布朗竞选广告中的俄亥俄州选民这样问道。
Former Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown, running against Trump-backed Jon Husted, has tried a different approach. A recent ad from Elon Musk’s PAC accused him of supporting an “extremist” agenda under which children are “abused and exploited” through “sex change surgery.”Brown, who polls show with a narrow lead over Husted, has opted not to engage, framing the attacks as a distraction from more pressing issues: “With everything going on, that’s what they’re talking about?” asks one Ohio voter who was featured in a recent ad from Brown’s campaign.
2024年总统大选中的关键议题在特朗普与前副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯之间的竞选活动中，有一则极具影响力的广告使用了这样的口号：“卡玛拉代表的是‘他们’（LGBTQ群体）；特朗普总统代表的是你们。”民主党的一份选举报告认为这些广告“非常有效”，有效地限制了哈里斯的竞选空间。此前，哈里斯曾支持为联邦关押的囚犯提供性别确认治疗服务。
THE ISSUE THAT BOXED IN HARRIS Among the most indelible ads from 2024’s presidential contest between Trump and former Vice President Kamala Harris was one that featured the tagline: “Kamala is for they/them. President Trump is for you.”A Democratic Party election report concluded the ads were “very effective” and boxed in Harris, who had previously supported gender-affirming care for inmates in federal custody.
根据路透社和Ipsos在4月份进行的民意调查，67%的受访者支持禁止跨性别者参加女子体育比赛。不过，共和党与民主党在这问题上的分歧非常明显：92%的共和党人表示支持此类禁令，而只有44%的民主党人持相同观点。
A Reuters/Ipsos poll in April found that 67% of survey respondents supported banning transgender people from competing in female school sports. But the party splits were severe: Ninety-two percent of Republicans said they supported such bans, compared with just 44% of Democrats.
“我们有大量研究表明，选民更倾向于那些能够扩大讨论范围、让所有人都能参与其中的观点，而不是那些带有歧视性、会伤害他人的言论，”跨性别权益倡导组织Christopher Street Project的执行主任泰勒·哈克（Tyler Hack）说道。
“We have extensive research that shows voters prefer an argument that broadens the conversation to all of us and doesn't leave anyone behind over a divisive narrative that misgenders people and throws them under the bus," said Tyler Hack, executive director of the Christopher Street Project, a transgender advocacy organization.
民主党国会竞选委员会发言人维特·谢尔顿（Viet Shelton）在一份声明中表示：“共和党人通过攻击跨性别者议题，放弃了那些与选民利益直接相关的议题，转而支持一种反自由的议程；他们热衷于让政客来决定本应由家长和学校决定的事情。”这一说法呼应了共和党人常用的论调，即强调地方政府应对跨性别者政策拥有控制权。
With their anti-trans attacks, Republicans are “abandoning pocketbook issues in favor of an anti-freedom agenda that is obsessed with politicians making decisions that should be left to parents and schools,” Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spokesperson Viet Shelton said in a statement, echoing a framing used by Republicans that emphasizes local government control on transgender policies.
民主党策略师埃里克·斯特恩（Eric Stern）认为，共和党人对自己在2024年选举中反跨性别策略的有效性过于自信。
Democratic strategist Eric Stern thinks Republicans got “over-confident” about the effectiveness of their anti-trans strategy in 2024.
“我怀疑那些因特朗普的战争和关税政策而生活压力巨大的选民，是否会关心那些与他们生活无关的文化议题，”斯特恩说道。
“I’m skeptical that if there are some low-propensity voters whose wages are being stretched thin because of Trump’s wars and tariffs that they’re going to care about some cultural issue that doesn't impact their lives,” Stern said.
资深共和党策略师查理·布莱克（Charlie Black）表示，共和党继续沿用2024年选举中与选民产生共鸣的竞选口号是正确的，这“在某些地方可能会起到积极作用”；但他也同意“今年经济问题才是选民最关心的问题”。Christopher Street Project的哈克补充说，对于这样一个极具争议性的议题，没有一种适用于所有情况的统一处理方式。
Veteran Republican strategist Charlie Black said the party is right to build on messaging that connected with voters in 2024, and which “might help” in some places, but agreed that "economic issues are predominant this year.”Hack of the Christopher Street Project added there's no one-size-fits-all approach to such a polarizing topic.
“我们希望候选人能够以包容的态度来讨论这些问题，并根据各自社区的具体情况来表达观点——当然，这些表达方式不必完全相同，”哈克说道。
"We want to make sure that candidates talk about these issues in a way that's inclusive and in a way that makes sense for their individual communities," he said, "and that doesn't always look the exact same." REUTERS