杰夫·马尔维希尔、乔纳森·J·库珀 华盛顿州卡拉马报道 —— 科罗拉多州和华盛顿州是可靠的民主党票仓，其民选官员此前一直拒绝通过禁止跨性别女性和女孩参加女子体育比赛的动议。如今，激进活动人士绕过立法机构，将拟议的禁令摆上了这两个州的选票。
GEOFF MULVIHILL, JONATHAN J. COOPER KALAMA, Wash. — Colorado and Washington are reliably Democratic states where elected officials have rejected moves to ban transgender women and girls from female sports competitions. Now activists have gone around lawmakers to put proposed bans on both states’ ballots.
在全国部分民主党领袖正在重新调整其对待跨性别议题（尤其是体育议题）的态度、且民调显示美国人总体上支持禁令之际，支持者们对禁令通过并为其他立法机构阻挠禁令地区的类似努力打开大门抱有乐观态度。
At a time when some Democratic leaders nationwide are recalibrating their approach to transgender issues, particularly sports, and polls show Americans generally back the bans, supporters are optimistic they will pass and open the door to similar efforts in other places where lawmakers have blocked bans.
尽管这一议题已在许多地方立法机构中被讨论，但这是该议题首次交由选民表决。
Though the issue has been debated in many legislatures, this is the first time it’s going to voters.
支持LGBTQ+权益的“投票动议战略中心”执行主任克里斯·梅洛迪·菲尔兹·菲格雷多表示：“2026年正在发生的事情是未来的试验场。”
“What is happening in 2026 is a testing ground for the future,” said Chris Melody Fields Figueredo, executive director of the Ballot Initiative Strategy Center, which supports LGBTQ+ rights.
包括所有由共和党同时控制议会和州长办公室的州在内，已有27个州通过了此类法律。
Twenty-seven states — including all where Republicans control both the legislature and governor’s office — already have such laws.
这些努力被宣称为一种保护女性和女孩并为她们保留独立空间的手段，顺应了一种日益高涨的关切。总统唐纳德·特朗普已采取措施收回跨性别权益。最高法院也已维持了各州的体育禁令。
The efforts are billed as a way to protect women and girls and keep separate spaces for them, tapping into a concern that’s gained momentum. President Donald Trump has taken steps to roll back transgender rights. The Supreme Court has upheld state sports bans.
昆尼皮亚克大学6月的一项民调发现，约十分之七的注册选民认为不应允许跨性别女性和女孩加入女子运动队。约四分之一的人认为应该允许。民主党人对此存在分歧，约半数表示应允许跨性别女性和女孩参加，约半数表示不应允许。
A June poll from Quinnipiac University found that about 7 in 10 registered voters think transgender women and girls should not be allowed to play on female sports teams. About one-quarter think they should. Democrats are divided, with about half saying transgender women and girls should be allowed and about half saying they should not.
丹佛大都会州立大学政治学教授罗伯特·普鲁伊斯表示，由于缺乏针对科罗拉多州投票动议（该动议还涵盖大学体育）的公开民调，很难预测其能否通过。他说：“它可能比一些参选的共和党候选人获得更多支持。”
Robert Preuhs, a professor of political science at Metropolitan State University of Denver, said the absence of public polls on Colorado’s ballot measure, which also covers college sports, makes it hard to predict whether it will pass. “It’s probably going to get more support than some of the Republican candidates that will run,” he said.
自这十年对跨性别者的限制措施受到关注以来，由民主党人领导州长办公室和州议会的州通常拒绝了诸如禁止跨性别者使用与其性别认同相符的卫生间以及限制性别肯定医疗等提案。多数共和党人领导的州则采纳了这些政策。
Since transgender restrictions gained traction this decade, states with Democratic-led governors’ offices and legislatures generally have rejected proposals such as banning transgender people from the bathrooms that match their gender identity and restricting gender-affirming care. Most Republican-led states have adopted those policies.
除了这两个蓝州（民主党主导的州）的投票议题外，亚利桑那州的一项举措将扩大现有的禁令以涵盖私立学校，而内布拉斯加州的一项举措则会将现行州法律写入州宪法。
In addition to the two blue-state questions, a measure in Arizona would broaden an existing ban to include private schools, and one in Nebraska would add an existing state law to the state constitution.
对于跨性别女性和女童是否具有竞争优势，目前尚无明确共识。相关因素包括运动员的年龄、体育项目、运动员是否经历了男性青春期以及他们接受激素疗法的时间长短。但对于某些运动员来说，女童遭到不公对待的想法是非常切身的。
There’s not a clear consensus on whether transgender women and girls have a competitive advantage. Factors include the age of the athlete, the sport, whether the athlete went through male puberty and how long they’ve received hormone therapy. But the idea that girls are being cheated is personal for some athletes.
安娜利·威尔逊（Ahnaleigh Wilson）是位于西雅图以北约25英里（40公里）处的东芒特高中（Eastmont High School）的一名17岁十一年级学生，她从初中起就一直公开反对允许跨性别女童参加女子体育比赛。她说，自己在七年级和八年级时赢得了所有1600米赛跑的冠军——直到在一场重要比赛中输给一名跨性别运动员而获得第二名。“我知道这不对，也不公平，”她说。
Ahnaleigh Wilson, a 17-year-old junior at Eastmont High School, about 25 miles (40 kilometers) north of Seattle, has been speaking out against allowing transgender girls to compete in girls’ sports since she was in junior high. She said she’d won all her 1,600-meter races in seventh and eighth grade — until she finished second to a transgender athlete in a major meet. “I knew it wasn’t right and it wasn’t fair,” she said.
威尔逊表示，自那以后她与之竞争过的另外三名跨性别运动员在女子比赛中的名次，要好于他们在男子比赛中取得同样成绩时的名次。
Wilson said three other transgender athletes she’s competed against since then placed better in girls races than they would have with the same times against boys.
“女性为《教育修正案第九条》（Title IX）和我们自己的组别进行了抗争，保持这种尊严非常重要，要让女性拥有自己的体育运动和自己的空间，以确保安全和绝对公平，”她说。她指的是禁止在教育计划和活动（包括体育运动）中基于性别进行歧视的联邦法律。反对者则表示，排挤跨性别女童同样是不公平的。
“Women have fought for Title IX and our own categories and it’s very important that we keep the dignity of that, and let women have their own sports and their own spaces to be safe and completely fair,” she said, referencing the federal law that prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities, including athletics. Opponents say excluding transgender girls is also unfair.
“他们会说他们想要保护儿童，特别是年轻女孩，”反对该州这项法案的领导组织“一个科罗拉多”（One Colorado）的执行主任娜丁·布里奇斯（Nadine Bridges）表示，“但我无法理解你怎么能在一边保护儿童的同时，又一边歧视儿童。”据信，学校体育赛事中的跨性别女孩人数仅占参赛总人数极小的一部分。科罗拉多州和华盛顿州都没有官方统计数据。
“They will say that they want to protect kids and in particular, young girls,” said Nadine Bridges, executive director of One Colorado, which is leading the opposition to the measure there, “but I don’t understand how you can protect kids and discriminate against kids at the same time.”The number of transgender girls in school sports is believed to be a sliver of the total participants. Neither Colorado nor Washington has an official count.
在华盛顿州推动该法案的“出发吧华盛顿”（Let’s Go Washington）表示，他们已清点了16名此类运动员，且人数可能还会更多。华盛顿州校际活动协会（Washington Interscholastic Activities Association）在其监管的体育项目中清点了大约10万1000名女孩——这一数字将参加多项体育运动的女孩重复计算在内。
Let’s Go Washington, which is behind the measure in that state, says it’s counted 16 such athletes and that there could be more. The Washington Interscholastic Activities Association has counted about 101,000 girls in sports that it oversees — a figure that double-counts girls who play in multiple sports.
经营着一个讲述跨性别者故事的网站的倡导者伊马拉·琼斯（Imara Jones）表示，这个问题对保守派很有吸引力，因为一些民主党人也同意他们的看法。
Imara Jones, an advocate who runs a website that features the stories of transgender people, said the issue is attractive for conservatives because some Democrats agree with them.
对冲基金经理布赖恩·海伍德（Brian Heywood）正在资助“出发吧华盛顿”，该组织还支持另外两项法案。其中一项将扩大父母查阅其子女学校社会工作和心理辅导记录的权限，另一项将废除一项新通过的针对100万美元以上收入征收的税收。
Hedge fund manager Brian Heywood is funding Let’s Go Washington, which is also behind two other measures. One would expand parent access to school social work and counseling records for their children and one would repeal a newly adopted tax on incomes over $1 million.
西华盛顿大学（Western Washington University）政治学家托德·多诺万（Todd Donovan）表示，“出发吧华盛顿”希望支持禁止跨性别者参加体育赛事的选票，也会倾向于支持推翻这项税收。
Western Washington University political scientist Todd Donovan said Let’s Go is hoping that voters supporting the transgender sports ban would also favor overturning the tax.
华盛顿州里奇菲尔德（Ridgefield）的居民特雷西·弗林（Tracy Flint）是一名民主党人和前平面设计师，她表示自己正在纠结该如何投票。“这对我的大脑来说是个新事物，所以我真的很难抉择，”她说。
Tracy Flint of Ridgefield, Washington, a Democrat and former graphic artist, said she’s wrestling with how to vote. “It’s new to my brain, so it’s a really tough one for me,” she said.
她的丈夫、现年60岁的戴夫·弗林（Dave Flint）曾是一名反对特朗普的共和党人，现在转而将票投给民主党。他感叹道，一个影响如此少数人的问题竟然演变成了一场全国性的争议。“但我想你仍然得去解决它，”他说。
Her husband, Dave Flint, 60, a former Republican who opposes Trump and now votes for Democrats, lamented that an issue affecting so few people has become such a national controversy. “But I guess you still have to address it,” he said.
科罗拉多州的布里奇斯表示，她相信许多选民可以被说服反对该州的这项措施，但挑战在于如何触达他们。在科罗拉多州，登记反对跨性别相关措施的团体已筹集近400万美元——是支持者筹集资金的20多倍，但对于全州范围的竞选活动来说，这笔钱并不算多。
One Colorado’s Bridges said she believes that many voters can be persuaded to oppose the measure there, though the challenge is reaching them. Groups registered as opposing the transgender-related measures in Colorado have raised nearly $4 million — more than 20 times what proponents have brought in, but not a lot for a statewide campaign.
在华盛顿州，“Let’s Go”组织为推动这三项措施已筹集超过780万美元——几乎是反对禁令一方的两倍。
In Washington, Let’s Go has raised more than $7.8 million to campaign for the three measures — nearly twice as much as the ban opponents.
华盛顿州的这项措施将要求医疗服务提供者核实学生的“生理性别，仅依据以下一项或多项：学生的生殖解剖结构、基因构成，或正常内源性产生的睾酮水平。”
The Washington measure would require that a healthcare provider verify the student’s “biological sex, relying only on one or more of the following: The student’s reproductive anatomy, genetic makeup, or normal endogenously produced testosterone levels.”
“我们认为这就像勾选一个复选框一样简单，”“Let’s Go Washington”发言人哈莉·赫兹伯格说。“医生可以利用从长期治疗中了解的患者病史，或他们的病史表格。”但反对该措施的利比·洛夫特医生表示，该措辞要求在体检中进行生殖器检查，或进行昂贵的检测。
“We see that as being as simple as a checkbox,” said Let’s Go Washington spokesperson Hallie Herzberg. “Doctors can use the history of the patient from treating them all their lives or their medical history forms.”But Dr. Libby Loft, who opposes the measure, says the language calls for a genital inspection as part of a physical, or expensive testing.
“我认为，强迫华盛顿州……女运动员的职工家庭支付不必要的医疗检测费用，以筛选出全州估计只有五到十名跨性别女孩，这毫无道理，”洛夫特说。
“I think it doesn’t make any sense to force the working families of … girl sports players in Washington to pay for unnecessary medical tests to be able to weed out an estimated five or 10 girls in the state of Washington, trans girls,” Loft said.
她担心，核实要求将导致更少的女孩——无论是否为跨性别者——参与体育运动。体检的想法让一些选民感到不安。
She fears the verification requirement will lead to fewer girls — trans or not — playing sports. The idea of exams bothers some voters.
“我投票反对它，主要是因为我认为对女孩生殖器进行医学检查，简直像是中世纪的做法，”华盛顿州伦顿市的罗丝玛丽·卡科罗兹基说，现年63岁，是一名语言翻译。穆尔维希尔在新泽西州哈登菲尔德发回报道。
“I’m voting against it primarily because I think medical exams of girls’ genitalia is, like, Middle Ages,” said Rosemary Kacorozki of Renton, Washington, 63, a language interpreter. Mulvihill reported from Haddonfield, New Jersey.