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埃隆·马斯克的万亿美元财富到底有多大?自己花一花就知道了How Massive Is Elon Musk’s Trillion-Dollar Fortune? Spend It Yourself

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在任何一天,埃隆马斯克的身价大约是1万亿美元。这并不意味着他有1万亿美元的钞票放在某个尘封的地下室的旧式保险库里;他的财富主要绑定在SpaceX和特斯拉的股票上。但如果他把这些变成现金,出售Neuralink和Boring公司,并找零一些额外的零钱,他的支票账户将达到13位数。

On any given day, Elon Musk is worth about a trillion dollars. This does not mean that he has a trillion dollar bills sitting in an old-timey vault in a dusty basement somewhere; his wealth is mostly tied up in shares of SpaceX and Tesla. But if he were to cash those out, sell Neuralink and the Boring Company, and scrounge together some extra change, his checking account would hit 13 digits.

“万亿富翁”这个词说起来容易,甚至还挺有趣的,读起来也很顺口。但研究表明,人类的大脑非常难以理解大数字的实际大小和范围。毕竟,“万亿”听起来就像是比“十亿”稍微远一点儿的事情,尽管事实上它要大1000倍。即使你设法能理解这种巨大的规模,它仍然感觉抽象,无论你把它和中央公园的面积或一队卡车的重量进行多少次比较。因此,也许通过你可以用它实际购买的东西来可视化1万亿美元会更好。

“Trillionaire” is an easy enough word to say. It’s fun, even! Rolls off the tongue. But research has shown that the human brain has a very hard time comprehending the actual size and scope of large numbers. “Trillion” sounds like a short hop from “billion,” after all, even though it is in fact 1,000 times bigger. And even if you are somehow able to wrap your mind around that immense scale, it still feels abstract, no matter how many times you compare it to the area of Central Park or the weight of a fleet of trucks. Maybe a better way to visualize a trillion dollars, then, is through what you can actually buy with it.

《WIRED》与Neal Agarwal合作,他是那个一贯令人愉悦的网站Neal.fun的拥有者,正是为了实现这一点。“Spend Elon Musk’s Money”是一种新的可视化工具,它让你可以用埃隆马斯克的钱购买任何东西,从大麦克到航空母舰再到拉斯维加斯的球体。它会在你操作的过程中记录总数,所以你可以真实地看到1万亿美元在当今能为你买到什么,同时它会在物理空间中显示你购买的物品。

WIRED has partnered with Neal Agarwal, the proprietor of the consistently delightful website Neal.fun, to do just that. Spend Elon Musk’s Money is a new visualization that lets you, well, spend Elon Musk’s money, on anything from Big Macs to aircraft carriers to the Las Vegas Sphere. It keeps a tally as you go, so you can actually see how far a trillion dollars gets you these days, and it shows the items you’ve bought in a physical space.

《WIRED》采访了Agarwal,关于这新项目、为什么它现在显得如此相关,以及在网上构建事物的现状。你可以阅读下面的采访,也可以在这里花几个小时的时间体验“Spend Elon Musk’s Money”。本次采访经过轻微编辑以提高清晰度和篇幅。

WIRED spoke with Agarwal about this new project, why it feels so relevant now, and the state of building things on the web. You can read that interview below, and waste a few hours on Spend Elon Musk’s money right here. This interview has been lightly edited for clarity and length.

《WIRED》:我认识Neal.fun已经很久了,我是个忠实的粉丝。但请向从未去过那里的人描述一下它。

WIRED: I’ve known about Neal.fun for a long time, I’m a big fan. But describe it for someone who’s never been there.

尼尔·阿加瓦尔:我从来不想把网站限制在某一件事情上,所以它现在几乎变成了一种日记。我从19岁就一直在经营它,它算是我所有感兴趣的东西的一个目录:可视化、科学、奇怪的游戏机制。对我来说,它主要是一次探索,探索着网站能做到的事情。

Neal Agarwal: I never wanted to constrain the site to one thing, so it ended up being almost like a journal at this point. I’ve been running it since I was 19, and it’s kind of a catalog of everything I’m interested in: visualizations, science, weird game mechanics. For me, it’s mostly an exploration of what you can do with a website.

为什么探索网站是什么、意味着什么对你来说很重要?如果我对你了解有一点的话,那就是你热爱网络。

Why is that important to you, the idea of exploring what a website is and means? If there’s one thing I know about you it’s that you love the web.

非常热爱。我从小就在网络上长大;8岁的时候就在论坛上。我在俱乐部企鹅度过的时间可能比在现实世界的墙上多得多。我绝对是一个网络长大的孩子,而且我和网络差不多大。这是一种特权。画家们使用的媒介已经有上千年、上百万年的历史了,所以很多事情已经被发现了,已经被充分探索了。但在网络上,有太多的事情我们还没有弄清楚。我认为仍然有很多新的东西有待发现,这对我来说非常有趣。

Very much so. I grew up on the web; I was 8 years old on forums. I probably spent more time in Club Penguin than any real-world walls. I’m definitely a child of the web, and it’s interesting that I’m around the same age as it. It’s a privilege. Painters are working in a medium that’s a thousand years older, a million years older, so a lot of things have already been found out, been fleshed out. But on the web there’s so much that we haven’t figured out yet. I think there’s still a lot of new stuff to discover, and that’s really interesting to me.

我认为每种媒介都有其独特的功能。你可以把一本书改编成电影,但并不是完全一样。有些事情书总是会比电影做得更好,反之亦然。我认为网络也一样。我们正在做的这个可视化,你无法在报纸上打印出来。

I think every medium has distinct things you can do with it. You can turn a book into a movie but it’s not quite the same. There are some things a book is always going to be better at, and vice versa. I think that’s true of the web too. This visualization we’re working on, you can’t print it in a newspaper.

我猜人们可能熟悉你的一些个人项目,如果不是你的网站本身的话。列举一些在我家里非常受欢迎的项目:密码游戏、太空电梯、深海、无限工艺品。当某些东西变得疯狂传播时,就像这些中的许多一样,你那边是什么感受?看到事情爆火,是不是有点无聊了?

I suspect people might be familiar with some of your individual projects, if not your site itself. To list some off that are huge in my household: The Password Game, Space Elevator, The Deep Sea, Infinite Craft. When something goes viral, as so many of these have, what’s it like on your end? Is it almost boring now to see things blow up?

我认为每个项目都非常不同。现在最让我兴奋的是那些有很多人参与进来,并且开始做出我没料想或没打算的事情的项目。Infinite Craft上线的几天之内,人们就开始在游戏里拼凑日语单词。他们拼凑了足够多的日语单词,能够用日语玩整个游戏。我之前从未发布过这样的游戏,玩家竟然解锁了一种语言。

I think each project has been very different. The ones that excite me the most now are where a lot of people play it and start doing things with it that I did not expect or intend. Within a few days of Infinite Craft launching, people started crafting Japanese words within the game. And they crafted enough Japanese words that they could play the whole game in Japanese. I’ve never released a game before where they unlocked a language.

还有另一个叫做《Internet Road Trip》的项目,它就像一次模拟公路旅行,但通过谷歌街景。围绕它形成了一个Discord群,人们开始进行“后座驾驶”,争论着下一个要去哪座城市,是否应该在这里停下来看这个纪念碑。人们还开始在那个游戏里观鸟。所有这些意外的事情都开始发生,我认为网络也擅长这样的事情。它非常擅长从最琐碎的事情中形成社区,这让我觉得非常兴奋。

I had another one called Internet Road Trip; it’s like a simulated road trip but through Google Street View. A Discord formed around that, and people started backseat driving and arguing over which city to go to next, should they make a pit stop here so they can see this monument. People started birdwatching within that game. All these emergent things started happening, and I think the web is really good at that, too. It’s really good at forming communities out of the silliest things, which I find really exciting.

还有这种对比,更封闭的App环境;你其实并不把App当作一种媒介来工作。

There’s also this contrast with a more closed-off app environment; you don’t really work in apps as a medium.

在我青少年时期,我确实做过一些App,但我一直非常讨厌苹果和谷歌必须审批我能放进App的东西,你必须等一周才能获得审批,如果他们不喜欢你的App,你就没有任何申诉途径。所以仅仅是拥有一个主页的想法就让我非常感动,仿佛说:这就是我的主页。没人可以告诉我该怎么做。我想放什么就放什么。

When I was a teenager I did make some apps, but I always really disliked that Apple and Google had to approve what I could put in them, and you have to wait a week for approval, and if they don’t like your app you have no recourse. So just the idea of having a homepage where it’s like, this is my homepage. Nobody can tell me what to do with it. I can put whatever I want.

我们应该谈谈这个可视化项目《Spend Elon Musk's Money》。它有点像《Spend Bill Gates' Money》的续作,对吧?

We should talk about this visualization, Spend Elon Musk’s Money. It’s sort of a sequel to Spend Bill Gates’ Money, which was one of your first projects, right?

那个项目实际上是随着网站本身一起发布的。我只是想展示一下1000亿美元是什么概念,我想这现在看起来似乎是一笔不多的钱,相比之下我们正在处理的1万亿美元就更多了。

That actually launched with the website itself. I just wanted to showcase how much $100 billion was, which I guess now seems like a little amount of money compared to the trillion we’re working with.

几乎让人感觉有些可爱,对吧?这个游戏的 premise 是,你有一个 1000 亿美元的计数器,还有一堆你可以购买的东西,每个东西都有标价:一个大麦克汉堡,一双拖鞋,一顿龙虾大餐,一年的网飞订阅,甚至一直上升到钻戒、法拉利、麦当劳加盟店,最后甚至达到了蒙娜丽莎。然后你就不断试着把它们加起来。这个游戏刚推出的时候,大家的反应如何?

It’s almost quaint, right? The premise is you’ve got a $100 billion counter and a bunch of things you can buy with prices attached to them: a Big Mac, flip-flops, a lobster dinner, a year of Netflix, all the way up to things like a diamond ring, a Ferrari, a McDonald’s franchise, and then up again to the Mona Lisa. And you just keep trying to add it up. What was the response to that game when it first launched?

这是我推出过的最受欢迎的东西之一,看到观众真正理解了这个概念,感觉真的很好。人们明白了,这是一种可视化财富的方式,不是简单的图表和柱状图。这个游戏一次又一次地吸引了新的观众;这个 idea 始终对人们保持吸引力。

It was one of the biggest things I’ve launched, and it was really nice to see that the point got across. People understood that this is a way to visualize wealth that isn’t just graphs and bar charts. The game kept finding a new audience over and over again; it was an idea that kept being interesting to people.

然后我们来到 2026 年,世界上出现了一个万亿富翁,感觉这可能是个重新访问这个主题的好时机。

And then we come to 2026, and we have a trillionaire in the world, and it felt like maybe the right time to revisit.

是的,我觉得是这样。我们也可以用更多的方式来可视化这个概念。这就是为什么这次它是 3D 的。我觉得 Spend Bill Gates' Money 的一个特点是,没错,你可以买 10000 辆车,但它仍然只是一个屏幕上的数字。而 Spend Elon Musk's Money,我希望你能在屏幕上看到你正在购买的那些车。你可以用这笔钱购买的实物东西——简直是帝国。

Yeah, I think so. There’s a lot more you can do to visualize that, too. That’s why this one is 3D. I think one thing with Spend Bill Gates’ money is, yeah, you can buy 10,000 cars, but it’s still a number on a screen. With Spend Elon Musk’s Money, I want you to see the cars you’re buying on a screen. The amount of physical stuff you can buy—it is an empire.

有一点我觉得我自己和大多数人一样,很难真正理解什么是万亿。有研究表明,人类在处理数量的巨大差距时非常糟糕,甚至从 10 亿到 20 亿这种跳跃都难以理解,更别说万亿了。我们的大脑简直就崩溃了。

One thing that I certainly have a hard time with, and I think most people do, is really wrapping your head around what a trillion is. There’s been research that humans are really bad at processing how big the jumps are even from 1 billion to 2 billion, much less getting up to a trillion. Our brains just break.

我觉得这也是 web 擅长的地方之一,那就是它有无限的空间。你可以用无法在物理世界实现的方式来可视化这些数字。即使是我的项目 The Deep Sea,它也是 1:1 比例的海洋。如果你想把它打印在纸上,它会长达一英里,但在 web 上你可以只不断滚动,滚动下去。所以拥有这种无限滚动的机制来可视化这些巨大的数字,还是挺有趣的。

I think that’s one thing the web is actually really good at, is that you have infinite space. You can visualize these numbers in ways that you can’t do in the physical world. Even for my project The Deep Sea, it’s a 1:1 of the ocean. If you wanted to print that out on paper, it would be a mile long, but on the web you can just keep scrolling and scrolling. So it’s kind of fun to have this infinite scroll mechanic to visualize these huge numbers.

有些项目是从“花掉比尔·盖茨的钱”中继承过来的,有些则有所不同。你觉得什么样的选项组合最能满足人们的需求?

Some of the items carry over from Spend Bill Gates Money, some are different. How did you think about the best mix of options to give people?

这次我选择了一些更具体的物品,这样大家就能更直观地想象。说实话,要想到合适的物品并不容易;一旦金额达到1亿美元,市场上能买到的东西就有限了。所以我们加入了拉斯维加斯球体和航空母舰。

This time I was going for more tangible things, so you can visualize it. It’s honestly hard to think of items; once you get to $100 million, there are only so many things out on the market that you can buy. So we have the Las Vegas Sphere in there, and aircraft carriers.

到了某个阶段,你会觉得有点有趣:好吧,我还可以再买1000辆坦克,但这真的能给我带来什么吗?这个游戏的一部分乐趣,恰恰在于这种徒劳感。到了某个程度,一个人还能需要什么呢?

After a point it’s kind of interesting that you’re like, OK, I could buy 1,000 more tanks, what would that really get me? Part of the fun of this one is just the futility of it. At a certain point, what more could a person need?

当然。我刚买了1000辆怪兽卡车,还剩下9.9965亿美元。

For sure. I just bought 1,000 monster trucks, and I still have $999,650,000 left.

我们有过几个不同的想法。其中一个设想是:如果你有1万亿美元,只是一摞现金,随着你不断花钱,你会看到那1万亿美元逐渐减少。但实际上,要在页面上用纸币形式呈现1万亿美元,相当困难。

There were a few different ideas. One is if you had a trillion dollars and just had a stack of money, and as you spend it you see the trillion dollars go down, but it’s actually pretty hard to render a trillion dollars in bills on the page.

我也考虑过一些更抽象的东西。一旦达到1万亿美元,你真正购买的是权力——比如你能买下多少家公司,或者能拥有多大的影响力。但对大多数人来说,这种表达方式不如“哦,我刚买了100万匹赛马”那样容易想象。在开发过程中,你遇到了什么技术挑战吗?

I had thoughts of more abstract things. Once you get to a trillion dollars you’re really buying power, so how many companies you could buy or how much influence you have. But for most people, that’s a harder way to visualize things than, like, oh, that is a million racehorses I just bought. Did you run into any technical challenges building this?

最初,我打算在网站上使用全3D模型。但如果让笔记本电脑渲染100万辆怪兽卡车,它很快就会卡住。因此,我不得不采用很多技巧,在不使用实际3D模型的情况下营造出3D效果。

Initially I wanted everything to be 3D models on the site. But if you try to get your laptop to render a million monster trucks, it’s just going to freeze. So I had to do a lot of trickery to get this 3D effect without actually using 3D models.

这不仅让我们了解了埃隆·马斯克,也让我们看到了我们正在购买的东西。我回顾了一下最初的“花掉比尔·盖茨的钱”,当时一个大麦克汉堡是2美元,现在已经是6美元了。对于任何有直接对应关系的项目,你都捕捉到了真实的价格上涨。

It doesn’t just tell us about Elon Musk, it tells us about the things we’re buying. I looked back at the original Spend Bill Gates’ Money, and the Big Mac was $2. It’s $6 now. For anything where there’s a direct parallel, you’ve captured a real price jump.

这个数据已经考虑了通货膨胀因素,非常惊人,因为这才过去六七年而已。如果大家对还有哪些项目应该加入进来有任何建议,请随时告诉我。

It’s very inflation-adjusted. Which is crazy, because it’s only been six or seven years. If anyone has any recommendations about other items we should add to this, just let me know.