工会组织、大学教职员工团体以及移民权益倡导者已对特朗普政府提起诉讼，指责其两项移民政策可能会使那些已在美国居住且符合条件的移民难以在不离开美国的情况下获得绿卡。该诉讼于10月5日向马萨诸塞州联邦地区法院提起，旨在质疑美国公民及移民服务局在2026年5月和8月推出的两项政策。原告方指出，这些措施可能大幅提高申请被拒的风险，甚至影响到那些在政策生效时其绿卡申请尚在处理中的人士。
Labor unions, university faculty groups and immigrant rights advocates have sued the Trump administration over two immigration policies they say could make it harder for eligible immigrants already living in the United States to obtain green cards without leaving the country. The lawsuit, filed on October 5 in the US District Court for the District of Massachusetts, challenges two policies introduced by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in May and August 2026. The plaintiffs argue that the measures could put applicants at greater risk of rejection, including people whose green card applications were already pending when the policies took effect.
特朗普政府则为这些政策辩护。据《新闻周刊》报道，美国公民及移民服务局发言人扎克·卡勒称，此次诉讼不过是“企图破坏特朗普政府履行国会所定移民法律职责的徒劳之举”。
The administration has defended the changes. USCIS spokesperson Zach Kahler called the lawsuit a “frivolous attempt to disrupt the Trump administration’s commitment to enforce our country’s immigration laws as intended by Congress”, according to Newsweek.
那么，受到质疑的两项绿卡政策具体是什么呢？此次诉讼涉及的是“身份调整”程序，该程序允许符合条件的在美移民无需前往美国驻外使领馆办理移民签证手续，即可直接申请永久居留权。
What are the two green card policy changes being challenged? The lawsuit concerns adjustment of status, a process that allows eligible immigrants already in the US to apply for lawful permanent residence without leaving the country to complete immigrant visa processing at a US embassy or consulate abroad.
根据2026年5月21日发布的美国公民及移民服务局政策，移民官需将申请人选择在美国境内申请绿卡而非通过海外领事程序办理这一行为视为一个负面考量因素。而8月份发布的第二项政策则赋予移民官更大权限：他们有权在无需要求申请人补充材料或事先告知其可能被拒的理由的情况下，直接驳回部分申请。
Trump admin's latest visa policy shift: A complete breakdown of H-1B measures, green-card changes and what remains unaffectedUnder a USCIS policy issued on May 21, 2026, officers are directed to consider an applicant’s decision to seek a green card from within the US rather than through consular processing abroad as a negative discretionary factor. The second policy, issued in August, gives officers broader authority to deny certain applications without first requesting additional evidence or notifying applicants of an intended denial.
根据诉讼内容，该政策既适用于新提交的申请，也适用于政策生效时仍在处理中的申请。原告方指出，原先按照旧标准提交申请的申请人如今可能需按照新标准接受审核，却得不到机会来回应移民官员提出的疑虑。他们认为，这些政策超出了美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）的职权范围，与联邦法律及过往移民判例相冲突，还违背了行政规章制定程序及正当程序原则。
According to the lawsuit, the policy applies to new applications as well as cases that were pending when it took effect. The plaintiffs argue that applicants who filed under the earlier approach could now face decisions under new standards without being given an opportunity to address the concerns raised by immigration officers. They contend that the policies exceed USCIS’s authority, conflict with federal law and immigration precedents, and violate administrative rulemaking requirements and due process protections.
特朗普政府加强对H-1B签证审查之际，新设“签证欺诈打击小组”；微软及其他多家科技巨头也面临绿卡审批收紧的压力。为何移民团体要对这些政策提出异议呢？此次发起诉讼的联盟成员包括美国大学教授协会、服务业雇员国际工会及其下属组织、美国移民正义协会，还有六名个人绿卡申请人。原告方称，这些政策可能给已在美国安家立业的家庭、劳动者、研究人员及学生带来严重后果：部分申请人被迫前往海外申请永久居留权，这可能会打乱其工作与学业安排、导致家庭离散，甚至中断医疗救治。
Trump govt launches new ‘visa fraud strike team’ amid H-1B scrutiny as Microsoft, several other IT giants face green card crackdownWhy are immigrant groups challenging the rules? The coalition includes the American Association of University Professors, the Service Employees International Union and its affiliates, Americans for Immigrant Justice, and six individual green card applicants. The plaintiffs say the policies could have serious consequences for families, workers, researchers and students who have built their lives in the US. Requiring some applicants to pursue permanent residence abroad, they argue, could disrupt employment and education, separate families and interrupt medical care.
诉状中列举了多名申请人的案例以佐证上述担忧。据诉状记载，其中一名原告为萨尔瓦多籍女性，自1998年起便定居美国；尽管USCIS认定她符合资格，其调整身份的申请仍于9月份遭拒，该机构称是基于其他考量行使了自由裁量权。另一名申请人已在美生活约26年，育有三名美国籍子女；在面谈时她被问及为何选择在美国境内申请身份调整而非通过领事馆办理。截至提起诉讼时，她的申请仍处于待处理状态。
The complaint cites the cases of individual applicants to illustrate those concerns. One plaintiff, a Salvadoran woman who has lived in the US since 1998, had her adjustment-of-status application denied in September despite USCIS finding her eligible for the process, according to the complaint. The agency cited other factors in exercising its discretion. Another applicant, who has lived in the US for about 26 years and has three US citizen children, was questioned during an interview about why she was seeking adjustment of status domestically rather than applying through a consulate. Her application remained pending when the lawsuit was filed.
原告方请求法院在案件审理期间暂停这些政策的执行，并最终予以废除。
The plaintiffs are asking the court to block the policies while the case proceeds and ultimately invalidate them.
他们还希望美国公民及移民服务局能依据相关的法律先例来审理受影响的申请。
They also want USCIS to adjudicate affected applications under the applicable legal precedents.