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一名埃博拉患者穿越三国均未被发现,相关疑问仍待解答Questions remain over Ebola patient who travelled across three nations undetected

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内罗毕近70名潜在接触者已被隔离Nearly 70 potential contacts have been placed under quarantine in Nairobi

近70名潜在接触者已在内罗毕接受隔离 作者:Wycliffe Muia 31分钟前 一名肯尼亚商人曾前往埃博拉疫情最严重的地区之一,之后又前往另外两个国家,直到病情被确诊。

Nearly 70 potential contacts have been placed under quarantine in Nairobi Wycliffe Muia 31 minutes ago A Kenyan businessman was able to spend time in one of the regions worst-affected by Ebola, then travel to two more countries before his illness was identified.

这名40岁的男子在严重病重抵达内罗毕一家医院后才被诊断出感染了这种致命传染病,成为肯尼亚首例确诊病例。两天后的10月5日,他不幸去世。

The 40-year-old - who was only diagnosed with the deadly infectious disease after arriving seriously ill at a Nairobi hospital - became Kenya's first confirmed case. He died two days later on 5 October.

他在刚果(金)的多家医疗机构以及乌干达和肯尼亚的两个机场健康筛查中均未被发现感染,这一情况引发了人们对这些国家在重大疫情期间的生物安全措施的严重质疑。

That his infection went undetected at multiple health facilities in the Democratic Republic of Congo and two airport health screenings in Uganda and Kenya has raised serious questions about these nations' biosecurity during a significant outbreak.

今年,刚果(金)已有超过4000人死于埃博拉,这是目前已知第二严重的疫情。

More than 4,000 people have died from Ebola in DR Congo this year, in what is the second most deadly known outbreak to date.

非洲疾控中心(Africa CDC)作为非洲大陆领先的公共卫生机构,现已重建了这名肯尼亚患者近六周内的活动轨迹,揭示出多个本可发现其感染机会的环节,而这些环节的疏忽可能导致数十人与这种致命病毒接触。

Africa CDC, the continent's leading public health agency, has now reconstructed the Kenyan patient's movements across nearly six weeks, revealing several missed opportunities to detect his infection and potentially preventing dozens of people from coming into contact with the deadly virus.

刚果(金) 该机构应急事务主任Wessam Mankoula博士公布的这一记录,首次清晰地展现了这名商人在病情日益恶化的情况下,如何跨越数千公里进行旅行。

DR Congo The account, presented by the agency's emergency director, Dr Wessam Mankoula, provides the clearest picture yet of how the businessman travelled thousands of kilometres while growing increasingly unwell.

这名男子的身份尚未公开,他已在刚果(金)生活七年,并因商务原因到访过该国三个省份。

The man, whose identity has not been made public, had lived in DR Congo for seven years and had travelled across three of its provinces on business.

他究竟何时、何地感染了埃博拉病毒仍不清楚——但根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的说法,截至10月初,他途经的这三个省份均已出现埃博拉疫情。

Exactly when or where he contracted Ebola remains unclear - but it was present in all three provinces he went through by early October, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

他在8月底至9月初的大部分时间都在下乌埃莱省(Bas-Uélé),先后到访了布塔(Buta)、阿凯蒂(Aketi)和利卡蒂(Likati)等城镇。

The man had spent much of late August and early September in the province of Bas-Uélé, visiting towns including Buta, Aketi and Likati.

世卫组织确认,在他到访之前,布塔地区已于8月出现埃博拉病例,但目前没有证据表明他是在那里感染的病毒。

The WHO confirmed an Ebola case in Buta in August, prior to his visit, though there is no evidence he contracted the virus there.

他的症状最早于9月15日左右出现。他被给予抗生素后遣送回家。

His symptoms first emerged around 15 September. He was given antibiotics and sent home.

两天后,他被收治入住邦多的通戈埃坦迪卫生中心,并在那里一直待到9月19日。尽管他发烧并出现皮疹,却被诊断为皮肤感染。

Two days later, he was admitted to the Tongo Etandi Health Centre in Bondo, where he remained until 19 September. Despite suffering from fever and a rash, he was diagnosed with a skin infection.

在旅途中从未进行过埃博拉病毒检测,因此很难确切判断他何时感染了病毒。这些症状符合该病早期阶段的表现,但也与该地区常见的其他感染(如疟疾)一致。

Without an Ebola test being taken at any point during his travels, it is hard to say exactly when he contracted the virus. Those symptoms are consistent with the early stages of the disease, but also other infections common to the region, such as malaria.

9月20日,他飞往基桑加尼——这座位于刚果河畔、人口约150万的城市,在那里他花费了十多天时间寻求医疗救治。

On 20 September, he flew to Kisangani, a city with a population of about 1.5 million people on the Congo River, where he spent more than 10 days seeking medical care.

我们不知道当地哪些医院或诊所治疗过他,也不知道他们给他用了什么药。基桑加尼是乔波省的首府,该省仅记录了51例埃博拉病例。

We do not know which hospitals or clinics treated him there, nor what medications they gave him. Kisangani is the capital of Tshopo province which has only recorded 51 Ebola cases.

乌干达 然而,10月1日,在首次发病两周多后,这名商人登上另一班国内航班飞往贝尼,随后继续前往繁忙的边境城镇卡辛迪。

Uganda However, on 1 October, more than two weeks after first becoming ill, the businessman boarded another domestic flight to Beni, before continuing his journey to Kasindi, a busy border town.

贝尼和卡辛迪均位于北基伍省,该省已记录1755例埃博拉感染病例和1000多例死亡病例,使其成为刚果(金)受疫情冲击最严重的省份之一。但他在那里停留时间不长,当天晚些时候就越境进入乌干达。

Both Beni and Kasindi are in North Kivu, which has recorded 1,755 Ebola infections and more than 1,000 deaths, making it one of the Congolese provinces worst-hit by the disease. But he did not stay there long, crossing into Uganda later that day.

疫情于5月爆发后不久,乌干达对其与刚果(金)边境的人员流动实施了限制。

Uganda imposed restrictions on movement across its border with DR Congo shortly after the outbreak began in May.

该国拥有遏制多次埃博拉疫情的经验,包括通过监测、接触者追踪和疑似病例隔离等措施。今年该国虽出现一些病例——主要是来自刚果(金)的旅行者——但已于8月宣布该疾病已清除。但两国边境绵延数百公里,穿越偏远地形,难以有效管控。目前尚不清楚这名商人越境时是否经过了官方卫生检查站。

The country has experience containing several Ebola outbreaks, including through surveillance, contact tracing and the isolation of suspected cases. It has had some cases this year - mostly among people travelling from DR Congo - but was declared free of the disease in August. But the border between the two nations stretches for hundreds of kilometres through remote terrain, making it difficult to police. It remains unclear whether the businessman passed through an official health checkpoint when he crossed the border.

这名男子的葬礼在严格的安全规程下举行The man's funeral was held under strict safety protocols

该男子的葬礼在严格的安全规程下举行。随后,他经陆路前往首都坎帕拉,继而抵达恩德培国际机场,于10月3日登机飞往内罗毕。

The man's funeral was held under strict safety protocols Once he had, he travelled by road to the capital, Kampala, and then Entebbe International Airport, where he boarded a flight to Nairobi on 3 October.

乌干达官员称,他在通过机场安检时体温正常。健康专家表示,他的案例凸显了依赖体温检测和自我申报的局限性。

Ugandan officials said his temperature was normal when he passed through airport screening. Health experts say his case highlights the limitations of relying on temperature checks and self-declarations.

曼库拉表示,调查人员正在核查该男子服用的药物是否抑制了他的体温。他在通过安检时也可能根本没有发烧。

Mankoula said investigators were examining whether the man's medication could have suppressed his temperature. He may have also not had a fever when he passed through the checks.

肯尼亚方面同样未将他标记为疑似埃博拉患者。当他抵达内罗毕的乔莫·肯雅塔国际机场时,一名亲属接走他并直接送往内罗毕医院——肯尼亚首都的一家私立医疗机构。此时,他已出现发烧、寒战、肌肉疼痛、咽喉痛和出血等症状。

Kenya Similarly, he was not flagged as a suspected Ebola patient when he reached Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, where a relative collected him and drove him directly to Nairobi Hospital, a private medical facility in the Kenyan capital. By then, he was suffering from fever, chills, muscle pain, a sore throat and bleeding.

实验室检测确认,他感染的是邦迪布焦型埃博拉病毒——这正是导致刚果(金)疫情的同一毒株。

Laboratory tests confirmed that he had contracted the Bundibugyo species of Ebola - the same one responsible for the outbreak in DR Congo.

他被置于隔离病房治疗,但病情持续恶化。他于10月5日去世,次日在严格的感染控制措施下安葬。

He was placed in isolation while his condition deteriorated. He died on 5 October and was buried the following day under strict infection-control measures.

肯尼亚政府表示,目前已追踪到他在抵达肯尼亚后可能接触的66人。世界卫生组织称,随着乌干达和刚果(金)继续开展接触者追踪,这一数字还可能上升。

The Kenyan government says it has now identified 66 people who may have been in contact with him after he arrived there. The WHO says the number is likely to rise as contact-tracing in Uganda and DR Congo continues.

隔离安排也引发了部分医护人员的担忧,外界对该患者在内罗毕医院的处置方式提出质疑。

The quarantine arrangements have also raised concerns among some healthcare workers, amid questions about how the patient was handled at Nairobi Hospital.

肯尼亚卫生部称,已对超过65.2万名旅客进行筛查,培训近5000名医护人员应对埃博拉,并指定五家医疗机构作为定点收治设施。

Kenya's health ministry says more than 652,000 travellers have been screened and nearly 5,000 healthcare workers trained to deal with Ebola, with five facilities designated to handle cases.

埃博拉通过直接接触已出现症状的感染者体液,或接触受污染物品传播。

Ebola spreads through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person who has developed symptoms, or through contaminated materials.

其潜伏期为2至21天,这意味着感染病毒的人可能在数周后才会出现症状。

Its incubation period ranges from two to 21 days, meaning someone exposed to the virus may not become ill until several weeks later.

曼库拉敦促出现埃博拉症状的旅行者向美国疾控中心(CDC)报告,并表示及早就医可以提高他们的生存几率。

CDC advice Mankoula urged travellers experiencing symptoms of Ebola to report them, saying early medical attention could improve their chances of survival.

他说:“一旦及早报告任何与埃博拉相关的症状,你不仅阻止了病毒向其他国家传播,也首先保护了自己。”

"When you reveal any Ebola-related symptoms early, you're not only preventing the virus spreading to other countries but you're also protecting yourself first," he said.

世界卫生组织(WHO)警告称,围绕埃博拉的污名化可能会让人们不愿报告症状或寻求医疗帮助,从而导致病毒在未被发现的情况下传播。

The WHO has warned that stigma surrounding Ebola could discourage people from reporting symptoms or seeking medical care, potentially allowing the virus to spread undetected.

该组织表示,正通过减少人们对这种疾病的恐惧和误解来加强相关宣传——这在刚果民主共和国(DR Congo)是一个严重问题,那里一些医护人员曾被声称“埃博拉并不存在”的人攻击。BBC关于埃博拉疫情的更多报道:BBC非洲播客

The agency says it is stepping up efforts to encourage this by reducing fear and misinformation about the disease - something that is a big problem in DR Congo, where some health workers have been attacked by people who claim Ebola doesn't exist. More from the BBC on the Ebola outbreak: BBC Africa podcasts