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美联社

特朗普和伊朗在一件事上意见一致。美国选举日程并未驱动他们在战争问题上的决策Trump and Iran agree on one thing. The US election calendar isn't driving their decisions on the war

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唐纳德·特朗普总统于2026年10月9日星期五在纽约州锡拉丘兹的Oncenter结束竞选集会后离开。(美联社照片/朱莉娅·德马雷·尼金森)President Donald Trump departs a campaign rally at the Oncenter, Friday, Oct. 9, 2026, in Syracuse, N.Y. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

阿梅尔·马德哈尼、阿米尔-侯赛因·拉吉 华盛顿报道——在持续了七个月的这场冲突中,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普与伊朗领导层似乎在一点上达成了共识:双方均坚称美国的大选日程并未促使他们急于结束战争。

AAMER MADHANI, AMIR-HUSSEIN RADJY WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump and Iran’s leadership appear to agree on one thing about their seven-month-old war : they each insist the U.S. election calendar isn’t motivating them to find an end to it.

这场冲突导致通货膨胀持续、油价居高不下,引发了美国民众对战争的普遍不满。这种情绪给11月3日的大选蒙上了阴影,而此次选举将决定特朗普所在的政党能否继续掌控国会。与此同时,美国对伊朗实施的经济制裁及海上石油封锁也给伊朗经济带来了巨大冲击。

Persistent inflation and high gas prices fueled by the conflict have driven widespread American disapproval of the war — a sentiment casting a long shadow over the Nov. 3 election that will determine whether Trump’s party keeps control of Congress. And U.S. economic sanctions and a naval blockade on Iranian oil are causing profound shocks for Tehran’s economy.

然而,伊朗官员仍坚持认为,除非美国解除封锁并解除制裁,否则不会达成任何协议。特朗普的态度则摇摆不定:他一方面向该地区增派军事力量并威胁将恢复军事打击,另一方面又宣称在11月3日之前美国“绝不会对伊朗发动攻击”。

Yet, Iranian officials remain insistent there won’t be a deal until the U.S. lifts the blockade and delivers sanctions relief. Trump, meanwhile, is vacillating. He has dispatched more military resources to the region and threatened to resume strikes — even as he also declares that the U.S. “will not be attacking Iran at any time prior” to Nov. 3.

上个月在联合国大会上,特朗普向各国领导人坚称自己“不会因大选因素而迁就伊朗”。如今,在共和党候选人展开为期32天的竞选活动一周多后,特朗普更是强化了这一立场。他向选民宣称自己正在赢得战争,同时又阴沉地警告称,如果伊朗不肯屈服,他将“彻底终结这场战争”。

Speaking to fellow world leaders last month at the U.N. General Assembly, Trump insisted he “will not give credence to the election when it comes to Iran.”Now, more than a week into a 32-day campaign blitz for Republican candidates, Trump is doubling down on that message, telling voters he’s winning the war while darkly warning he’s ready to “finish it off” if Iran doesn’t capitulate.

“我告诉你们:不管怎样,伊朗很快就会面临结果,”周五在纽约竞选时特朗普说道,“要么他们把一切都交给我们,要么就彻底不复存在。”在发表这些豪言壮语之前,特朗普在整场冲突期间对伊朗的战争目标其实发生了显著变化。

“I will tell you what: Iran will be very quick one way or the other,” Trump said Friday as he campaigned in New York. “Either they give us everything, or they don’t exist any longer.”Trump’s campaign bravado comes after his stated war goals in Iran have shifted significantly over the course of the conflict.

他最初要求伊朗神权政府无条件投降,如今则转而侧重于施加经济压力、遏制伊朗核计划以及重新开放霍尔木兹海峡。

He’s moved from maximalist demands for unconditional surrender by the theocratic government to a focus on economic pressure, containing Tehran’s nuclear program and reopening the Strait of Hormuz.

伊朗的经济显然已陷入混乱。其海军与空军遭受重创,众多关键政治及军事领导人也在冲突爆发后的最初几周内丧生。

Iran’s economy is certainly in shambles. Its navy and air force have been devastated, and key political and military leaders were killed in the first weeks of the conflict.

然而,尽管特朗普屡次濒临下令发动新一轮大规模打击,却又总是在最后时刻退缩,伊朗仍展现出了极强的韧性。

Yet, Iran has shown no small measure of resilience in the face of Trump’s repeatedly being on the cusp of ordering big new strikes — only to back down at the last moment.

曾任伊朗政府官员的萨桑·卡里米指出,经过数月的持久战争,如今的美国大选季并不会从根本上改变伊朗对这位被视作“不可信的对话者”的美国领导人的态度。

After months of grinding war, an American election season isn’t fundamentally changing Iran’s approach with the U.S. leader they’ve found to be an unreliable narrator, said Sasan Karimi, a former Iranian government official.

卡里米补充道,伊朗领导层担忧的是:“即便特朗普本人签署了协议,美国——尤其是在特朗普执政时期——也未必会遵守。”对于那些试图争取因油价与食品价格上涨而心生不满的选民的共和党候选人而言,特朗普的立场实在难以接受。

Iran’s leadership, Karimi added, is concerned that “the U.S., especially in the Trump era, will not be compliant to any deal even if he himself signs it.”Trump’s message isn’t easy for Republican candidates to embrace as they make their case to voters frustrated by elevated gas prices and food costs.

据美联社与NORC公共事务研究中心上周发布的民调显示,69%的美国民众认为这场战争不值得打,这一比例较7月份的64%略有上升。仅有28%的民众认可特朗普处理伊朗问题的方式。

Most Americans, 69%, say the war has not been worth fighting , according to a poll published last week by the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research . That’s up slightly from 64% in July. Only 28% approve of how Trump is handling Iran.

部分身处激烈选情中的共和党人试图在伊朗问题上与特朗普划清界限。

Some Republicans in competitive races have sought to distance themselves from Trump on the war.

在密歇根州,共和党联邦参议员候选人迈克·罗杰斯表示:“与伊朗的战争必须结束,而且要迅速结束。”正在爱荷华州参与激烈参议员竞选的众议员阿什利·欣森则称,爱荷华州的民众不应为这场战争“买单”。共有7名共和党众议员投票支持旨在限制特朗普发动战争权力的决议案。

In Michigan, Republican Senate candidate Mike Rogers has said the “war with Iran needs to end — and end quickly.”Rep. Ashley Hinson, who is in a competitive Senate race in Iowa, said Iowans shouldn’t have to “foot the bill” for the war. Seven House Republicans voted in favor of a war powers resolution aimed at curtailing Trump’s war of choice.

不过,宾夕法尼亚州利哈伊大学民意观测站主任克里斯托弗·博里克指出,在临近选举日之际,共和党人想要在伊朗问题上与特朗普保持距离几乎是不可能的。

Yet, trying to stand apart from Trump on Iran is almost impossible for Republicans so close to Election Day, says Christopher Borick, director of the Lehigh University Opinion Observatory in Pennsylvania.

“这对共和党人来说是个沉重的负担,”博里克说道,“要想扭转舆论风向、与特朗普划清界限,将是一项极其艰巨的任务。”上个月末,特朗普公开拒绝了伊朗提出的“若美国满足特定条件便迅速重新开放霍尔木兹海峡”的提议,此后相关谈判似乎陷入僵局。

“It’s an enormous weight on Republicans,” Borick said. “Shifting the narrative to draw separation from Trump is going to be a Herculean task.”Negotiations had appeared at a standstill after Trump late last month publicly rejected Iran’s proposal to quickly reopen the Strait of Hormuz if the U.S. met certain conditions.

不过,伊朗方面称此后已收到美国的反提案。伊朗外长阿巴斯·阿拉格希周四表示,预计德黑兰会在数日内给出正式答复。特朗普周四称这些间接谈判“富有成效”。伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽希齐扬则表示,德黑兰希望重新回到今年6月那份短暂生效的协议框架之下。那份协议原本承诺为伊朗带来经济上的缓解,但最终并未兑现。

Iranians, however, say they have since received a U.S. counterproposal and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi on Thursday said he expected Tehran would offer a formal reply within days. Trump on Thursday described the indirect negotiations as “productive.”Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has said Tehran wants a return to the framework of the short-lived June deal. That agreement held out the promise of financial relief for Iran, which never materialized.

不过,伊朗总统也流露出疑虑。“我们正在努力推动进程,也一直在与美方对话;可每次我们展开会谈后,他们又会对我们发起攻击,”佩泽希齐扬周四在土库曼斯坦与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京会晤时说道。

But the Iranian president also expressed skepticism. “We are trying to move the process forward. We are having conversations; every time we have held talks with them, they attacked us again,” Pezeshkian said Thursday as he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Turkmenistan.

伊朗官员称,无论达成何种协议,美国都必须先解除对伊朗的封锁,伊朗才会同意停止袭击途经霍尔木兹海峡的国际油轮。

As part of any deal, Iranian officials say the U.S. must lift its blockade before Iran agrees to cease attacks on international oil tankers using the Strait of Hormuz .

“我们在告诉美国:你们必须先采取行动。少说空话,少搞谈判,”伊朗前革命卫队指挥官、最高国家安全委员会秘书穆森·雷扎伊近日在伊朗国家电视台上如此说道,还夸耀称伊朗在这场冲突中占据上风。一些伊朗官员似乎认为,全面战争再度爆发或许已不可避免。

“We are telling America, you have to act first. Enough talking, enough negotiations,” Mohsen Rezaei, a former Revolutionary Guard commander and secretary of Iran’s top security body, recently told Iranian state television, boasting that Iran had the upper hand in the conflict. Some Iranian officials seem to believe that a return to full-scale war may be inevitable.

驻德黑兰的分析师、伊朗议会议长穆罕默德·巴格尔·卡利巴夫的顾问马赫迪·穆罕默迪在Telegram上表示,尽管与美国的间接谈判“十分认真”,但他预计“战争很快就会再次爆发”。

Mahdi Mohammadi, a Tehran-based analyst and an adviser to Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf , said on Telegram that while indirect talks with the U.S. have been “serious,” he predicted that “the war will start” again soon.

在集会上,特朗普多次提及近期通过霍尔木兹海峡输出的石油量出现激增的现象,并以此作为论据,声称伊朗领导层很快就会被迫屈服。

At his rallies, Trump has pointed to a recent surge in Gulf oil making it through the Strait of Hormuz as he’s made his argument that Iran’s leadership will soon have to capitulate.

事实上,由于美国中央司令部指挥油轮在夜间关闭定位系统后通过该海峡,伊朗对这条航道上石油运输的掌控力已大幅减弱。

Indeed, Iran has lost its near-chokehold over oil flows through the waterway as U.S. Central Command shepherds oil tankers through the strait at night with their location systems turned off.

不过最近几天,伊朗加大了对途经该海峡的油轮的袭击力度。总体而言,目前的船舶通行量仍远低于战前水平。

But in recent days, Iran has ramped up attacks on tankers passing through the strait. And overall, ship traffic remains well below prewar levels.

航运分析人士指出,那些愿意在中央司令部保护下冒险通行的油轮运营商,有时能收取每天100万美元甚至更高的费用。

Tanker operators willing to risk running the gauntlet under Central Command’s protection are in some cases charging rates of $1 million a day or more, shipping analysts say.

局势愈发复杂的是,沙特阿拉伯与也门政府近期发起军事行动,旨在将受伊朗支持的胡塞武装赶出曼德海峡——这条海峡同样是中东地区石油及其他商品运输的重要通道。

The situation has become further complicated as Saudi Arabia and Yemen’s government have launched a military campaign aimed at driving Iran-backed Houthi rebels from the Bab el-Mandeb strait , another critical Middle East trade route for oil and other goods.

作为回应,胡塞武装则使用无人机和导弹袭击沙特的机场及关键基础设施。

The Houthis, in turn, are targeting Saudi airports and key infrastructure in the kingdom with drone and missile strikes.

特朗普坚称,美国实施的海上封锁措施有效阻止了伊朗石油进入国际市场,已将德黑兰逼至绝境。

Trump insists that the U.S. naval blockade to prevent Iranian oil from getting to market has driven Tehran to the brink.

伊朗国家电视台本周报道称,伊朗石油部长穆森·帕克内贾德近日已辞职。与此同时,伊朗货币里亚尔的汇率仍在持续暴跌。

Iran’s oil minister Mohsen Paknejad recently resigned, Iranian state television announced this week. And the Iranian currency, the rial, continues to crater.

曾任伊朗政府官员的卡里米表示,伊朗领导人似乎坚信自己仍能承受军事压力,还能给美国及全球经济带来更大损失。

Iranian leaders appear convinced that they can still absorb military pressure, and impose further costs on the United States and the global economy, said Karimi, the former Iranian government official.

德黑兰大学政治学学者哈姆泽·萨法维指出,伊朗官员在谋划下一步行动时,对美国中期选举的影响并未予以太多重视。

Hamzeh Safavi, a political scientist at the University of Tehran, said Iranian officials are giving little weight to the midterms as they calculate their next move.

“伊朗深知,无论是民主党还是共和党,在与伊朗存在根本性对立这一问题上立场是一致的,”萨法维说道。“他们或许仅在对抗伊朗的手段上存在分歧。正因如此,这次选举结果并不会真正带来美伊关系的根本性变化。”美联社记者马德哈尼从耶路撒冷发回报道。

“Iran knows that whether it’s Democrats or Republicans, there is a shared view about the fundamental confrontation with Iran,” Safavi said. “They just might not agree regarding the method of confronting Iran. For that reason, the results won’t really create a foundational change in relations with Iran.”AP writer Madhani reported from Jerusalem.