本文刊登于《每日前景》通讯。 民主党希望你知道他们需要更多资金。这是一个常年话题,任何一年都可以写,但随着本次中期选举的战场似乎每天都在扩大,这一担忧被进一步放大。州长候选人担心民主党在州长选举上的投入不足;长期落选的参议院候选人担心民主党在参议院选举上的投入不足;众议院议员担心民主党试图赢得太多众议院席位,导致资源分散。
This article was featured in the Daily Prospect newsletter. Sign up for it here. Democrats want you to know that they need more money. That’s a perennial that could be written any year, but with the battleground expanding seemingly by the day in this midterm, that’s been stressed even more. Gubernatorial candidates are worried that Democrats are under-investing in gubernatorial races; longshot Senate candidates are worried that Democrats are under-investing in Senate races; House members are worried that Democrats are trying to win too many House races and are stretching themselves thin.
认识到这种特殊诉求的性质很重要。许多在公开和非公开场合要求民主党在特定选举中花费更多资金的消息来源,如果真的这样做了,他们本人可能会通过电视广告的媒体投放而获利。我想,“让我变富”可能没有“帮助这些可怜的民主党人获胜”那样有说服力。我们已经看到,在这个选举周期中,金钱在政治中的作用正在减弱,而且外部资金甚至可能变得有害。
It’s important to recognize the nature of this special pleading. Many of the sources, on and off the record, demanding that Democrats spend more money in certain races would be poised to personally benefit if that happened, through media placement of television advertising. I guess “make me rich” isn’t as potent a pitch as “help these poor Democrats win.”We’ve seen the diminishing role of money in politics this cycle, and how outside money can even turn toxic.
虽然共和党的支出优势可能非常巨大,但它在民意调查中并未真正体现出来。而且由于共和党的大部分支出是通过外部超级政治行动委员会(Super PACs)进行的,而这些外部团体每则广告的费用远高于正常渠道,因此资金优势不一定转化为广告投放上的主要优势。民主党更专注于直接向候选人捐款,今年第三季度通过筹款平台ActBlue筹集了8.33亿美元,创历史新高。
This Republican spending advantage may be overwhelming, but it hasn’t really shown up in the polls. And since much of that GOP spending is pushed through outside super PACs and outside groups are charged far more per ad, the cash advantage doesn’t necessarily even translate into a major advertising advantage. Democrats have specialized more in direct donations to candidates, with $833 million going through fundraising platform ActBlue in the third quarter of the year, a new record.
这些资金使用效率更高;例如,AdImpact的一个案例显示,在得克萨斯州参议院选举中,民主党在电视广告上的原始美元投入比共和党多44%,但实际广告播放次数的优势仅为8%。
That money stretches further; to use one example from AdImpact, a 44 percent advantage in raw dollars on TV in the Texas Senate race translates to only an 8 percent advantage in ad airings.
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话虽如此,虽然金钱可能没有同样的效力,但在胶着选举中的民主党人确实需要一些掩护来抵御不可避免的攻击。而在过去的几年里,人们一直担心,在摇摆选区的初选中击败既得利益者对手的进步候选人,在大选中是否能获得与其温和对手同等的关注。但今年这些担忧并未成为现实。
All that said, while money may not have the same potency, Democrats in tight races do need some cover from inevitable attacks. And in past years, there’s been concern over whether progressive candidates who defeat establishment opponents in primaries for toss-up races will get the same attention in the general election as their moderate counterparts. But those fears are not coming to reality this year.
确实仍然存在幕后抱怨。《Puck News》获得匿名顾问的指认,将四位“2026年最差的民主党候选人”列出,可预见的是,他们全部是在初选中击败更温和挑战者的进步候选人。其中一人是威尔·劳伦斯(Will Lawrence),他正在密歇根州第7选区挑战现任众议员汤姆·巴雷特(Tom Barrett),这既是一个关于对他施加巨额资金压力的典型例子,也说明了无论仇恨者如何,他仍然获得了来自政党的支持。
There’s definitely still behind-the-scenes griping. Puck News got anonymous consultants to designate the four “worst Democratic candidates of 2026,” and predictably all of them were progressives who beat more moderate challengers in primaries. One of these, Will Lawrence, who is running against incumbent Rep. Tom Barrett in Michigan’s 7th district, provides an instructive example, both for the money being piled on against him and for the backing he’s getting from the party anyway, regardless of the haters.
一份地方报道称,第7选区的竞争是美国第二昂贵的众议院选举;这其中包括初选,但即使不计初选,Punchbowl 也将该选举列为第四位,迄今为止已花费超过3500万美元。
A local report has termed the 7th District race the second most-expensive House race in America; that included the primary, but even without that, Punchbowl put the race at number four, with over $35 million spent thus far.
根据联邦选举委员会、《内部追踪》和AdImpact的数据,目前在该众议院选举中,针对劳伦斯的已花费和预留的对外资金总额约为1460万美元。共和党的支出来自七个不同的团体。国会领导基金(Congressional Leadership Fund),即众议院共和党领导层的超级政治行动委员会,已经在广播和数字广告上花费超过440万美元,另有640万美元的计划支出。
According to figures from the Federal Election Commission, Inside Track, and AdImpact, total outside money that has been spent and reserved against Lawrence in this House race is currently at about $14.6 million. The GOP spending comes from seven different groups. The Congressional Leadership Fund, the House Republican leadership’s super PAC, has already spent more than $4.4 million on broadcast and digital ads, and has another $6.4 million planned.
全国共和党国会委员会(National Republican Congressional Committee)又追加投入120万美元,并额外预留了约4.1万美元(41,000美元)。
The National Republican Congressional Committee has jumped in with another $1.2 million, and a little more ($41,000) reserved.
成长俱乐部已投入22.9万美元用于广播广告,另外23.8万美元用于数字广告。唐纳德·特朗普的MAGA Inc.控制的两个超级政治行动委员会也在此处花费或计划花费。安全与可负担性政治行动委员会承诺投入150万美元用于广播广告,而不回头政治行动委员会则在直邮和短信上花费了约10万美元。最后,还有埃隆·马斯克的美国政治行动委员会(在数字、短信和邮寄材料上约花费10万美元)以及由科赫家族资助的美国繁荣协会(在媒体和邮寄材料上花费超过20万美元)。美国繁荣协会的一份邮寄材料可以在这里看到。
The Club for Growth has deployed $229,000 in broadcast ads and another $238,000 in digital. Two super PACs controlled by Donald Trump’s MAGA Inc. have spent or plan to spend here as well. Safety and Affordability PAC has promised $1.5 million in broadcast ad money, and No Going Back PAC has done about $100,000 in direct mail and texting. Finally, there’s Elon Musk’s America PAC (around $100,000 on digital, texting, and mailers) and the Koch-funded Americans for Prosperity (over $200,000 on media and mailers). One of the Americans for Prosperity mailers can be seen here.
这些都不包括直接给巴雷特的资金,截至7月中旬,他在本轮选举中已筹集630万美元。其中170万美元来自大额捐款,另外140万美元来自企业政治行动委员会的捐款,据Open Secrets报道。这包括,但不限于,来自医疗巨头麦克森、马拉松石油、菲利普斯66、瓦莱罗、伯灵顿北圣达菲铁路、联邦快递、美国航空、美国银行家协会、拖拉机制造商约翰迪尔、种子垄断企业道陶、军事承包商洛克希德马丁、当地公用事业巨头DTE能源、科赫工业、沃尔玛、甲骨文,以及来自AI前沿模型制造商Anthropic的2500美元捐款。
None of this counts the direct money going to Barrett, who has raised $6.3 million this cycle as of mid-July. $1.7 million of that comes from large contributions and another $1.4 million from corporate PAC contributions, according to Open Secrets. That includes, among others, donations from health care giant McKesson, Marathon Oil, Phillips 66, Valero, BNSF Railway, FedEx, American Airlines, the American Bankers Association, tractor manufacturer John Deere, seed monopoly Dow, military contractor Lockheed Martin, local utility giant DTE Energy, Koch Industries, Walmart, Oracle, and a $2,500 donation from AI frontier model maker Anthropic.
考虑到劳伦斯作为反对AI数据中心的领导者,他呼吁对其实施暂停,同时也呼吁在通过全面监管框架之前暂停高级AI的发展,这两笔捐款是可以预见的。
Those last two are predictable given Lawrence’s leadership as an opponent of AI data centers, calling for a moratorium on them as well as a pause on advanced AI development until a comprehensive regulatory framework can be passed.
面对这堆钱,人们可以想象,民主党建制派在面对众多目标时,可能会受到关于劳伦斯是“糟糕候选人”的毫无根据的传言影响,从而选择退出斗争。但事实并非如此。
Up against that wall of cash, you could imagine a Democratic establishment with a lot of targets on the board being influenced by rather baseless whispers about Lawrence being a “bad candidate” and slinking away from the fight. That is not what has happened.
拳击碗(Punchbowl)计算得出,劳伦斯在本次竞选中受益的投资额为1490万美元,而巴雷特为1770万美元。这并非完全持平,但已经非常接近。其中包括来自众议院多数党政治行动委员会(House Majority PAC)的至少240万美元——该委员会是众议院民主党领导层的超级政治行动委员会——劳伦斯与民主党国会竞选委员会(Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee)之间的混合广告投入数百万美元,如上述广告所示,此外还有来自其他外部团体的几百万美元。
Punchbowl calculates that Lawrence has benefited from $14.9 million of investment in the race, compared to $17.7 million for Barrett. That is not exact parity, but it’s close. It includes at least $2.4 million from House Majority PAC, the House Democratic leadership’s super PAC, millions on hybrid ads between Lawrence and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee like this one, and a couple million from other outside groups.
来自大卫·戴恩(David Dayen):劳伦斯正在颠覆赢得国会选区的传统观念。这一模式在其他有进步派候选人参选的摇摆席位选区中也有出现。根据The Downballot汇总的数据,众议院多数党政治行动委员会在支出排名前五的选区中,有两个是劳伦斯的选区和加利福尼亚州第22选区的选举——该选区由进步派兰迪·维尔加斯(Randy Villegas)参选。
from David Dayen: Will Lawrence Is Upending Conventional Wisdom on How to Win Congressional Districts This is a pattern seen in other races with progressives in swing seats. According to figures compiled by The Downballot, two of the top five races for spending from House Majority PAC are Lawrence’s and the race in California’s 22nd District featuring progressive Randy Villegas. (Adding in overall spending, Villegas is receiving $3 million more in party funds than his opponent, Rep. David Valadao.)
(计入总支出后,维尔加斯获得的党派资金比其对手、众议员大卫·瓦拉达奥(Rep. David Valadao)多300万美元。)在缅因州第2选区,对马特·邓拉普(Matt Dunlap)的支出超过200万美元,几乎与共和党在该选区对其候选人保罗·莱佩奇(Paul LePage)的支出相当——该选区曾被特朗普以近乎两位数的优势赢得。维尔加斯和邓拉普均在各自的初选中击败了得到民主党国会竞选委员会背书的候选人。
In Maine’s 2nd District, over $2 million has been spent on Matt Dunlap, virtually the same as much as Republicans have spent on their candidate, Paul LePage, in a district Donald Trump won by almost double digits. Both Villegas and Dunlap beat DCCC-backed candidates in their primaries.
在参议院选举中,民主党正陷入劣势,但密歇根州的阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德(Abdul El-Sayed)仍然获得来自民主党团体的显著支持,在本年度所有参议院民主党候选人中,仅次于俄亥俄州的另一位进步派谢罗德·布朗(Sherrod Brown)。在如此不利于共和党的选举周期中,仅仅获得足够的党派支持以接近竞争态势,就能发挥很大作用。
In the Senate races Democrats are getting swamped, but Michigan’s Abdul El-Sayed is still receiving significant support from Democratic groups, above every Senate Democratic candidate this year except for Sherrod Brown, another progressive, in Ohio. In this election cycle that is so unfavorable to Republicans, just getting enough backup from the party to get close can go a long way.
被问及这些数字时,进步变革竞选委员会的亚当·格林回应说:“最后几周将非常重要,但到目前为止一切顺利。”确实还有时间让这种情况出现逆转。但至少到目前为止,对于民主党领导层而言,具体议题立场对投资决策的影响远不及候选人能否获胜。而在劳伦斯的辩论表现、他愿意在保守社区中进行互动,以及他在本选举季关键议题上的强势品牌塑造之后,显然民主党领导层认为他已经通过了这一考验。
Asked about the numbers, Adam Green of the Progressive Change Campaign Committee responded, “The final few weeks will matter a lot, but so far so good.”It’s true that there’s still time for this to reverse. But at least so far for the Democratic leadership, discrete issue positions are not affecting investment decisions as much as whether a candidate can win. And after Lawrence’s debate performance, his willingness to engage in conservative communities, and his strong branding on the key issues of this election season, it’s clear that Democratic leaders think he’s met that test.
尽管一直在讨论民主党内部进步派与温和派之间的裂痕,但在决定将竞选资金投向何处的关键决策中,这种分歧并未显现。
For all the talk of a rupture between progressive and moderate factions in the Democratic Party, it’s not showing up in the critical decisions made about where to invest campaign dollars.