据报道，在胡塞武装对利雅得发动致命袭击后，巴基斯坦再次承诺将保卫沙特阿拉伯。在此背景下，中巴两国派出的战斗机以及中国制造的防空系统可能随即投入实战。
Chinese-Pakistani fighter jets and a China-made air-defence system reportedly deployed to Saudi Arabia could be brought into action following Pakistan’s renewed pledge to defend the kingdom after deadly Houthi attacks on Riyadh.
周日，巴基斯坦总理谢赫巴兹·谢里夫表示，鉴于前一日胡塞武装袭击了沙特首都的主要机场并造成至少13人死亡、数百人受伤，伊斯兰堡将依据双边防务协议“尽一切可能”与利雅得展开合作。
Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said on Sunday that Islamabad would cooperate with Riyadh “in every possible way” under their defence agreements, after Houthi strikes on the Saudi capital’s main airport the previous day killed at least 13 people and wounded hundreds.
沙特当局称，周日发生的另一次袭击导致一名巴基斯坦公民丧生，另有11人受伤。
A further attack on Sunday killed a Pakistani national and injured 11 others, Saudi authorities said.
谢里夫作出上述承诺之前，巴基斯坦、沙特和土耳其于10月5日在利雅得举行紧急会议，一致同意履行集体防务义务，并准备迅速向沙特派遣军队及军事装备。此次会议后发布的联合声明并未提及具体兵力规模或武器类型。
Sharif’s pledge follows an October 5 emergency meeting in Riyadh, where Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkey agreed to implement their collective-defence commitments and prepare for the rapid deployment of military forces and capabilities to the kingdom. A joint statement released after that meeting did not specify troop numbers or weapons.
这些军事承诺源于8月份签署的《麦加共同防务协议》。根据该协议，任何针对联盟成员国的武装攻击均被视为对全体成员国的攻击。该协议是在去年9月伊斯兰堡与利雅得签署的双边防务协定基础上进一步发展的成果。
The military commitments stem from the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement signed in August, under which an armed attack on one alliance member is considered an attack on all three. The pact builds on an earlier bilateral defence agreement signed between Islamabad and Riyadh in September last year.
今年5月，路透社援引安全部门及政府消息人士的话报道称，巴基斯坦已向沙特部署了约16架战机，其中大多为与中方联合研制的JF-17战斗机，同时还部署了一套中国制造的HQ-9防空导弹系统。
A Reuters report in May citing security and government sources said that Pakistan had deployed around 16 aircraft, mostly JF-17 fighters jointly developed with China, and a Chinese-made HQ-9 surface-to-air missile system to Saudi Arabia.
目前尚不清楚这些装备是否会被用于抵御后续的胡塞武装袭击。不过一旦投入使用，这将为外界提供又一个评估中国产军事装备实战性能的契机——此前在2025年5月与印度的冲突中，巴基斯坦就曾使用过中国制造的J-10CE战斗机及相关武器。
It remains unclear whether the systems would be used to counter further Houthi attacks. But if brought into action, they could provide another opportunity to assess the performance of Chinese-origin military equipment under combat conditions, following Pakistan’s use of Chinese-made J-10CE fighters and related weapons during its May 2025 conflict with India.
据路透社援引的消息来源称，JF-17战斗机于4月初被派往相关地区，此次部署还涉及约8000名士兵；另外还有两名安全官员提到有两组无人机部队参与行动。虽然这些设备的实际操作由巴基斯坦人员负责，但其部署费用据信是由沙特阿拉伯提供的。
The sources quoted by Reuters said the JF-17s were dispatched in early April and that the deployment also included around 8,000 troops, while two security officials also reported two drone squadrons. While Pakistani personnel handle the operation of the equipment, its deployment is reportedly funded by Riyadh.
当时，两国政府均未回应路透社的采访请求，目前也没有任何公开证据表明JF-17战斗机或HQ-9防空系统曾被用于对抗胡塞武装。
Neither government responded to requests for comment from Reuters at the time, and there is currently no public evidence that either the JF-17s or HQ-9 have been used against the Houthis.
与此同时，沙特阿拉伯正在调查其防空系统为何未能阻止这些袭击——据报道，袭击者首先使用了多架无人机来为后续的巡航导弹和弹道导弹的攻击创造条件。
Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia is investigating why its air defences failed to stop the airport attacks, in which multiple drones were reportedly launched first to pave the way for cruise and ballistic missiles.
美联社曾在9月报道称，由于沙特的防空武器库存日益减少，该国曾向巴基斯坦及其他国家寻求支援。不过，如果巴基斯坦的HQ-9防空系统真的参与了此次行动，那么这将引发关于该系统能否与沙特现有的防空系统有效协同运作的疑问。
Associated Press reported in September that the kingdom had sought air-defence support from Pakistan and other countries as interceptor stocks dwindled. But any role for Pakistan’s HQ-9 would raise questions about how effectively it could operate alongside Saudi Arabia’s existing air defences.
巴基斯坦《黎明报》上周报道称，目前尚无任何公开证据表明巴基斯坦或土耳其的防空系统能够与沙特的防空系统进行实时信息共享（即当一方检测到威胁时，能将相关信息传递给另一方以便协同拦截）。
Pakistan’s Dawn newspaper reported last week that there was no public evidence of arrangements allowing Pakistani or Turkish sensors to routinely “cue” Saudi weapons – passing information about a detected threat to help another system track or engage it.
尽管HQ-9防空系统可以独立使用自身的雷达系统，但信息共享确实有助于盟国之间更好地协调拦截行动。不过，拥有更多武器并不意味着这些系统就能真正形成统一的防御体系。
Although the HQ-9 can operate using its own radar, sharing such information could help the allies coordinate interceptions. Yet, having additional weapons available does not necessarily mean they can operate as a single defensive force.
这种协调问题尤为关键，因为沙特阿拉伯在军事上仍高度依赖美国的军事装备和情报支持。华盛顿特区智库“阿拉伯中心”（Arab Centre Washington DC）在8月份的分析中指出，即便巴基斯坦提供的中国装备有助于沙特多样化其防御体系，美国的武器、情报资源以及综合防空系统依然是沙特军事能力的核心。
That coordination challenge is particularly relevant because Saudi Arabia still relies heavily on American military systems. An analysis in August by the think tank Arab Centre Washington DC said US weapons, intelligence and integrated air-defence systems remained central to the kingdom’s military capabilities, even as Pakistani-operated Chinese equipment helped diversify its defences.
巴基斯坦方面将其在冲突中的角色描述为“防御性”的，称自己在沙特军队执行作战任务时提供了包括侦察在内的各种支援。伊斯兰堡还否认了有关巴基斯坦战机袭击也门胡塞武装的报道。
Pakistan has described its role as defensive, saying that it was providing support including reconnaissance while Saudi forces conducted combat operations. Islamabad has also denied reports of Pakistani jets striking the Houthis in Yemen.
专家指出，巴基斯坦与沙特阿拉伯之间加强防务合作可能会为中国武器制造商带来新的商机。
Experts say closer defence cooperation between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia could create opportunities for Chinese arms manufacturers.
ChinaMed项目援引了上海国际问题研究所的刘宗义的观点，认为巴基斯坦可以为中国武器供应商与中东买家之间搭建桥梁，从而让中国无需加入任何军事联盟，就能实现武器销售的扩张。
The ChinaMed Project cited Liu Zongyi of the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies as saying that Pakistan could connect Chinese weapons suppliers with Middle Eastern buyers – giving Beijing a potential route to expand sales without joining the Mecca alliance.