全球森林砍伐在2025年下降了15%，降至七百万公顷，但专家表示，这还不足以实现到2030年终止森林砍伐的承诺。
Global deforestation fell 15% in 2025 to seven million hectares, but experts say this is not enough to meet the 2030 pledge to end deforestation.
拉美地区有所改善，巴西的行动计划和对亚马逊地区的更严格执法起到了带头作用，但进展脆弱，因为选举可能会逆转这些成果。
Latin America improved, led by Brazil’s action plan and stronger Amazon enforcement, but progress is fragile because elections could reverse gains.
刚果盆地的情况恶化显著，而强烈的厄尔尼诺现象可能带来更多干旱和火灾，使未来的森林损失更难以遏制。
The Congo basin worsened sharply, and a strong El Nino may bring more drought and fires, making future forest loss harder to stop.
AI生成 巴黎 — — 全球森林砍伐在2025年有所放缓，但由于中非地区情况恶化以及异常强烈的厄尔尼诺天气模式加剧，这种改善不太可能持续，一项新研究于10月14日表示。
AI generated PARIS - Deforestation slowed worldwide in 2025, but the improvement is unlikely to last as the situation deteriorates in Central Africa and an exceptionally strong El Nino weather pattern intensifies, a new study said on Oct 14.
根据年度《森林宣言评估》，2025年有七百万公顷的森林 — — 大致相当于爱尔兰共和国的面积 — — 被永久性破坏，比前一年下降了15%。
Seven million hectares of forest – roughly the size of the Republic of Ireland – were permanently destroyed in 2025, a 15% drop from the previous year, according to the annual Forest Declaration Assessment.
然而，报告指出，这一放缓幅度仍不足以让世界实现到2030年终止森林砍伐的承诺。该报告由多个研究机构和非政府组织联合起草。
The slowdown, however, is not enough to keep the world from missing a pledge to end deforestation by 2030, according to the report, which was drafted by a coalition of research groups and non-governmental organisations. The 2025 figure is “encouraging but so far it’s the exception, not a new trajectory”, Erin Matson, the study’s co-author and lead consultant at advisory group Climate Focus, said in a media briefing.
该研究的合著者、气候焦点咨询集团的首席顾问Erin Matson在媒体吹风会上表示：“2025年的数据‘令人鼓舞，但到目前为止这只是个例外，而不是新的趋势’。”
To meet the target, agreed at the United Nations’ COP26 climate talks in 2021, deforestation would have to fall by around one million hectares per year.
为了实现2021年联合国COP26气候谈判中达成的目标，全球森林砍伐每年需要减少约一百万公顷。为农业或采矿作业而清理森林仍然是导致森林砍伐的主要原因。
Clearing forests for agriculture or mining operations remains the leading drivers of deforestation. 2025’s improvement was due in part to progress in Latin America, with a 33% drop in what has historically been the world’s deforestation “hot spot”, according to the study.
研究指出，2025年的改善部分源于拉美地区的进展，该地区历来是全球森林砍伐的“热点地区”，砍伐面积下降了33%。
The authors pointed particularly to Brazil’s deforestation action plan and increased enforcement in the country’s Amazon.
作者特别指出，巴西的森林砍伐行动计划以及该国亚马逊地区执法力度的加强是关键因素。“不可逆转的”然而，该地区的进展“在很大程度上取决于少数几个政府的选择，并且仍然高度脆弱”，因为亚马逊盆地正在进行和即将进行的选举。
‘Irreversible’Progress in the region, however, “rests heavily on the choices of a small number of governments and remains highly vulnerable” to recent and upcoming elections across the Amazon basin.
巴西的左翼领导人路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦——他曾誓言在2030年前终止非法森林砍伐——将于10月25日在总统大选第二轮投票中面对民粹主义右翼参议员弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗。
Brazil’s left-wing leader, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva – who has vowed to end illegal deforestation by 2030 – faces populist right Senator Flavio Bolsonaro in a runoff presidential election on Oct 25.
在博尔索纳罗的父亲、极右翼前总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗执政期间，森林砍伐曾激增。
Deforestation had surged under the administration of Bolsonaro’s father, far-right former president Jair Bolsonaro.
根据专家的说法，哥伦比亚和秘鲁的进展也可能受到威胁，因为这两个国家最近刚刚选出了强硬的右翼总统。
Progress could also be threatened in Colombia and Peru, where hard-right presidents were recently elected, according to the experts.
在大西洋彼岸的非洲，刚果盆地的情况恶化，雨林损失达到240万公顷——首次达到与亚马逊相当的森林砍伐水平。
Across the Atlantic in Africa, the situation deteriorated in the Congo basin, where rainforest loss reached 2.4 million hectares – near the same level of deforestation as the Amazon for the first time.
“每年损失如此规模的森林是一场灾难，”喀麦隆环境与发展中心的律师兼创始人萨姆·恩吉夫福说。
“Losing such a size of forest every year is a disaster,” said Sam Nguiffo, a lawyer and founder of the Centre for Environment and Development in Cameroon.
“作为人类，我们显然承受不起这一点，因为这将完全不可逆转，”他说。
“As humanity, we clearly cannot afford that because it will be totally irreversible,” he said.
恩吉夫福表示，在中非，为木材伐木或为农业或采矿而砍伐树木似乎在森林管理中占主导地位。
Logging for timber or felling trees for agriculture or mining appear to prevail in forest management in Central Africa, Nguiffo said.
他说，“森林砍伐对当地和土著社区的文化身份和生计有巨大影响”。
Deforestation has a “massive impact on the cultural identity and on the livelihood of local and indigenous communities”, he said.
“森林的侵蚀——无论是面积还是物种数量——都在减少可供社区使用的空间，并加剧冲突，”这位律师补充道。
“The erosion of the forest, both in size and in number of species, reduces the space available for communities and fuels conflicts,” the lawyer added.
厄尔尼诺现象 厄尔尼诺是自然气候循环的变暖阶段，也威胁着进展，因为其影响包括干旱，这为野火创造了条件。
El Nino effects El Nino, the warming phase of a natural climate cycle, also threatens progress because its effects include droughts, creating conditions for wildfires.
自6月出现的当前厄尔尼诺事件预计将在2026年后期达到峰值，但目前看来它可能是有史以来观测到的最强厄尔尼诺事件。
The current El Nino event, which emerged in June, is expected to peak later in 2026 but is already shaping up to be the strongest ever observed.
厄尔尼诺与印度尼西亚的强烈干旱有关联，在那里，森林和种植园在生物多样性丰富的婆罗洲和南苏门答腊地区已经燃烧了数月。
El Nino has been associated with strong drought in Indonesia, where tracts of forest and plantations have been burning in biodiverse Borneo and South Sumatra for months.
“如果历史上强烈的2026-27年厄尔尼诺现象的预测成真，热带森林地区的干旱和火灾风险将进一步加剧，”森林砍伐报告称。
“If projections of the historically strong 2026-27 El Nino materialise, drought and fire risks will intensify further across tropical forest regions,” the deforestation report said.
气候焦点组织的马特森指出，在2015-2016年上一次“超级”厄尔尼诺事件期间，森林覆盖损失出现了“巨幅激增”。
Matson, of Climate Focus, noted that there was a “huge spike” in tree cover loss during the last “super” El Nino event in 2015-2016.
“我们无法完全预测未来，但我认为，2026年出现去年那样的森林砍伐减少的可能性很小，”她说。
“We can’t fully predict the future but it’s unlikely, I would say, that in 2026 we’ll see the same kind of reductions (in deforestation) that we saw last year,” she said.