加布里埃拉·萨·佩索阿 圣保罗 — 巴西政府周五宣布，亚马逊地区的年度森林砍伐降至自1988年有记录以来的最低水平。官方卫星数据显示，从2025年8月到2026年7月（用于计算年度速率的期间），雨林地区损失了3,335平方公里（1,300平方英里）。
GABRIELA SÁ PESSOA SAO PAULO — Brazil’s government announced Friday that annual deforestation in the Amazon fell to its lowest level since records began in 1988. Official satellite data showed the rainforest lost 3,335 square kilometers (1,300 square miles) from Aug. 2025 through July 2026, the period used to calculate the annual rate.
周五发布的数据凸显了巴西在总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦领导下重新开展的遏制亚马逊森林砍伐行动的成效，这一行动扭转了其前任、极右翼总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗时期的激增趋势。
The data released Friday underscore the success of Brazil’s renewed efforts under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to curb Amazon deforestation, reversing a surge under his predecessor, far-right President Jair Bolsonaro.
根据官方数据，雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗总统任期内（2019年至2022年），亚马逊森林砍伐激增了约60%，累计清理面积超过45,000平方公里（17,400平方英里）。卢拉政府表示，自2023年以来，森林砍伐已下降了71%。
During Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency, from 2019 to 2022, Amazon deforestation surged by about 60%, with more than 45,000 square kilometers (17,400 square miles) cleared, according to official data. Under Lula, deforestation has fallen 71% since 2023, the government said.
卢拉在2023年1月就职第三个非连续任期后采取的首要举措之一，是恢复《法律亚马逊地区防治森林砍伐行动计划》（葡萄牙语缩写为PPCDAm）。该计划最初是在他在第一个任期内于2004年启动的，但在博尔索纳罗时期被搁置。
One of Lula’s first moves after taking office in January 2023 for a third, non-consecutive term was to revive the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon, known by its Portuguese acronym, PPCDAm. Launched in 2004 during his first administration, the plan had been shelved under Bolsonaro.
卢拉重新任命了二十年前制定该蓝图的环境官员，任命环境倡导者玛丽娜·席尔瓦 — 她直至今年4月辞职参选国会之前一直领导环境部 — 以及她的前副手、现任部长若昂·保罗·卡比安科，以协助推进该计划。
Lula brought back the environmental officials who developed the blueprint two decades earlier, appointing environmental champion Marina Silva — who led the Environment Ministry until she resigned in April to run for Congress — and João Paulo Capobianco, her former deputy and the current minister, to help carry it out.
该计划有四个支柱：加强监测和执法；推动可持续经济；管理保护区并确定未指定公共森林的使用方式；以及通过法规和财政激励手段遏制森林砍伐。
The plan has four pillars: strengthening monitoring and enforcement; promoting a sustainable economy; managing protected areas and determining how undesignated public forests should be used; and using regulations and financial incentives to curb deforestation.
措施包括恢复对卫星检测到的非法森林砍伐实施制裁，这一做法被视为遏制森林砍伐最有效的工具，而在博索纳罗时期该做法曾被叫停。政府还提出禁止存在非法森林砍伐的土地获得银行贷款，并为那些展示出森林损失减少的优先亚马逊市镇拨付更多资金。它还资助了打击环境犯罪的努力，并为亚马逊地区的可持续企业发展提供补贴性信贷。
Measures included restoring sanctions for illegal forest clearing detected by satellites, a practice seen as the most effective tool to curb deforestation that was halted under Bolsonaro. The government also proposed barring properties with illegal deforestation from receiving bank loans and allocated more funding to priority Amazon municipalities that demonstrated reductions in forest loss. It also funded efforts to fight environmental crime and develop subsidized credit for sustainable businesses in the Amazon.
“公式始终如一，而且有效。我们多年前就在巴西看到它奏效，如今我们又看到它再次发挥作用：决心、落地执法、打击犯罪和执行法律，”巴西环保组织网络“气候观察站”执行主任马尔西奥·阿斯特里尼说道。
“The formula is always the same, and it works. We saw it work in Brazil years ago and we’re seeing it again now: determination, enforcement on the ground, fighting crime and enforcing the law,” said Márcio Astrini, executive director of the Climate Observatory, a Brazilian network of environmental groups.
阿斯特里尼补充说，周五公布的森林砍伐率表明，巴西实现2030年零森林砍伐的承诺是可以实现的，且不会损害该国经济。
Astrini added that the deforestation rates announced Friday show that Brazil’s pledge to reach zero deforestation by 2030 is achievable without compromising the country’s economy.
“农业在创造产量和出口纪录的同时，森林砍伐正在下降。今天的数据驳斥了保护环境会阻碍巴西发展的错误叙事，”他补充道。
” Agriculture has been setting production and export records while deforestation has fallen. Today’s figures disprove the false narrative that protecting the environment holds back Brazil’s development,” he added.
森林砍伐及其他土地利用变化是巴西温室气体排放的最大来源，而这些排放推动了全球变暖。亚马逊地区储存着巨量二氧化碳并产生有助于调节远超南美洲范围天气的大气湿度，因此其重要性尤为突出。
Deforestation and other land-use changes are Brazil’s largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, which drive global warming. The stakes are especially high in the Amazon, which stores vast amounts of carbon dioxide and generates atmospheric moisture that helps regulate weather far beyond South America.
尽管在遏制森林砍伐方面取得了进展，但亚马逊仍面临气候变化、拟议立法以及巴西总统可能更替的威胁。
Despite progress curbing deforestation, the Amazon faces threats from climate change, proposed legislation and a possible change in Brazil’s presidency.
野火、伐木和干旱导致的退化影响了大约40%的亚马逊地区，且其速度近年来已超过完全砍伐。厄尔尼诺现象——赤道太平洋的周期性变暖——可能在2026年和2027年通过带来更热更干的条件来加剧这些威胁，从而助长野火发生。
Degradation from wildfires, logging and drought affects about 40% of the Amazon and has outpaced clear-cutting in recent years. A strong El Niño, a periodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, could intensify those threats in 2026 and 2027 by bringing hotter, drier conditions that fuel wildfires.
今年，该生物群落的火灾次数接近历史低点，但自10月4日巴西人参加全国大选第一轮投票以来，火灾次数已增加了三倍。当局正在调查是否有人在本月总统选举第二轮投票前，出于政治原因故意纵火。
Fire counts across the biome were near historic lows this year but have tripled since Oct. 4, when Brazilians voted in the first round of national elections. Authorities are investigating whether fires were deliberately set for political reasons ahead of this month’s presidential runoff.
前总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的儿子、参议员弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗获得了47%的选票，而现任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦获得了45%。两人将于10月25日进行第二轮投票。
Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro, son of former President Jair Bolsonaro, won 47% of the vote, while President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva received 45%. The two face an Oct. 25 runoff .
这两位候选人对雨林的愿景截然不同。气候和保护专家警告称，博尔索纳罗获胜可能会逆转遏制森林砍伐的政策。他承诺将在2029年结束非法森林砍伐，比巴西目前的目标提前一年。卢拉的连任承诺更进一步：到2030年实现零净森林砍伐，通过恢复来抵消所有森林损失，无论是合法还是非法的。
The candidates offer sharply different visions for the rainforest. Climate and conservation experts warn that a Bolsonaro victory could reverse policies to curb deforestation. He has pledged to end illegal deforestation by 2029, a year ahead of Brazil’s current target. Lula’s reelection pledge goes further: zero net deforestation by 2030, with restoration offsetting all forest loss, legal or illegal.
前环境部长席尔瓦在周五的一份声明中表示，森林砍伐的减少是对巴西人民的一项“历史性成就”，而选举结果对于维持这一成果至关重要。
Former Minister Silva said in a statement Friday that the deforestation reduction was a “historic achievement” for the Brazilian people and that the election outcome would be crucial to sustain it.
她说：“雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗政府在环境保护和气候变化问题上持否认态度，并大规模拆解环境政策。弗拉维奥继承了这些观点和做法，并意图将其永续化，正如他在多个场合所表明的那样。”
“Jair Bolsonaro’s administration approached environmental protection and climate change with denial and a sweeping dismantling of environmental policies. Flávio has inherited those views and practices and intends to perpetuate them, as he has indicated on several occasions,” she said.
“否认问题存在的人肯定不会采取任何行动来解决它。”博尔索纳罗一直否认气候变化，同时将自己塑造成环境捍卫者，但未详细说明保护亚马逊或支持森林融资的计划。他呼吁现代化环境法律，许多环保人士将此解读为削弱这些法律。
“Those who deny the problem exists will certainly do nothing to address it.”Bolsonaro has denied climate change while portraying himself as an environmental defender, without detailing plans to protect the Amazon or support forest financing . He has called for modernizing environmental laws, which many environmentalists interpret as weakening them .
“弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗是环境的捍卫者，也是那些保护原始森林和清澈河流的人的捍卫者，”他的竞选团队表示。
“Flávio Bolsonaro is a defender of the environment and of those who preserve standing forests and clean rivers,” his campaign said.