伊朗军方表示，在德黑兰与华盛顿为控制霍尔木兹海峡展开的激烈争夺中，伊朗通过部署新单位扩大了对霍尔木兹海峡的监视，霍尔木兹海峡是全球能源运输最重要的通道之一。
Iran’s military said it has expanded its surveillance of the Strait of Hormuz by deploying new units to target ships, amid a desperate tussle between Tehran and Washington to control the waterway, among the world’s most important passages for energy transport.
在美国对伊朗南部港口实施海上封锁、制裁日趋严格的背景下，德黑兰多次表示将采取军事和外交手段，向华盛顿施压，使其就重新开放海峡的问题屈服于伊朗的要求。
With the United States naval blockade of Iran’s southern ports in place and sanctions tightening, Tehran has repeatedly said it will pursue military and diplomatic efforts to put pressure on Washington to submit to its demands regarding reopening the strait.
德黑兰的最新声明恰逢霍尔木兹海峡袭击事件激增、石油运输量下降之际——此前原油流量曾在9月回升至战前水平。
Tehran’s latest announcement coincides with a surge in attacks in the waterway and a fall in oil transit after crude flows had risen back to pre-war levels in September.
英国约克大学政治学家克里斯·费瑟斯通告诉半岛电视台，袭击次数增加及其对能源流动的影响凸显了霍尔木兹海峡作为石油出口关键通道的脆弱性。那么，到底发生了什么？如今谁控制着霍尔木兹海峡？以下是我们所了解的情况：伊朗对在霍尔木兹扩大存在有何表态？
Chris Featherstone, a political scientist at the University of York in the United Kingdom, told Al Jazeera the increased attacks and their impact on energy flows demonstrate the fragility of the strait as a key pathway for oil exports. So, what’s going on and who controls the Strait of Hormuz now? Here’s what we know: What has Iran said about expanding its presence in Hormuz?
据伊朗新闻和纪录片网络Press TV周二报道，伊朗海军表示，其已在“霍尔木兹海峡以东、阿曼海和阿拉伯海”部署作战单位，采用新编队形态，此前其发现一艘受损并起火的油轮。
Iran’s Navy said it has deployed operational units in a new formation “east of the Strait of Hormuz and across the Sea of Oman and the Arabian Sea, after identifying a tanker that sustained damage and caught fire”, according to a report by the Iranian news and documentary network Press TV on Tuesday.
海军表示，这些单位将实施“对该地区敌方活动和海上交通的实时监视”。
The navy said these units would maintain “real time surveillance of enemy activities and maritime traffic in the region”.
伊朗海军还警告船只不要关闭应答器，并敦促它们与伊朗武装力量协调，以确保在此区域安全通行。
It also warned vessels not to switch off their transponders and urged them to coordinate with Iranian armed forces for safe passage through the area.
此外，伊朗一名官员告诉路透社，德黑兰大约10天前开始对其认为违反伊朗限制的船只采用不同的进攻战术，并称这导致对该类船只的袭击增加。
Separately, an Iranian official told the Reuters news agency that Tehran had started using different offensive tactics against vessels it considered in violation of its restrictions about 10 days ago, adding that this had led to an increase in attacks on such ships.
根据官方消息，该策略包括改变攻击的方式和节奏，其目的之一是影响美国11月中期选举的结果。霍尔木兹海峡的袭击事件激增至历史最高水平自2月底美国和以色列对伊朗发动战争以来，霍尔木兹海峡的船只遭遇了最严重的袭击浪潮。
The strategy includes a change in the type as well as the pace of attacks, with one goal being to influence the outcome of the November midterm elections in the US, according to the official. Attacks in Hormuz rise to record levels Ships in the Strait of Hormuz have been experiencing the worst spate of attacks since the start of the US and Israel’s war on Iran in late February.
根据海事追踪公司Kpler的数据，9月28日至10月4日期间，有10艘油轮在该海峡遭到袭击；10月5日又发生了另一次袭击。
According to maritime tracking firm Kpler, 10 tankers were struck in the strait between September 28 and October 4, followed by another strike on October 5.
英国海事贸易运营中心（UKMTO）记录显示，10月6日至10月14日期间还发生了15起袭击事件，其中11起发生在过去四天内。这些袭击包括一艘集装箱船和一艘油轮在周二遭到不明射弹的袭击。
The UK Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) centre has separately recorded 15 other attacks between October 6 and October 14, with 11 of them occurring in just the past four days. They include a container ship and a tanker hit by unknown projectiles in the Strait of Hormuz on Tuesday, UKMTO said.
伊朗方面表示，其在该海峡的袭击和限制措施属于国家安全与自卫行为，是对美以战争的回应。伊朗当局还表示，他们打算破坏美国协助建立的运输系统——该系统在战争期间促进了能源通过该海峡的出口。
Iran maintains that its attacks and restrictions in the waterway are a matter of national security and self-defence in response to the US-Israel war. Iranian authorities have also signalled they intend to disrupt a US-assisted shuttle system that has enabled more energy exports through the strait during the war.
在美国海军主导的联合海事信息中心（JMIC）周日发布的最新报告中，该中心指出霍尔木兹海峡上商船面临的威胁仍处于“严重”级别（即威胁等级中的第二高级别）。
In its latest report on Sunday, the US Navy-led Joint Maritime Information Center (JMIC) noted that the threat to merchant shipping in the Strait of Hormuz remained “severe”, the second-highest level.
JMIC称，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队（IRGC）的袭击行为、“未遂袭击”以及各种骚扰活动仍在持续，包括无人机飞行、对商船的针对性监视，以及伊朗军队通过国际通信频道使用标准海事无线电与过往商船进行口头联系和威胁。这些袭击对石油运输产生了怎样的影响？
Attacks by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), “attempted attacks, and/or harassment activity persisted including UAV overflight, targeted surveillance of merchant shipping, and occasional VHF hailing,” JMIC said. UAV stands for unmanned aerial vehicle, or drone, while VHF hailing refers to Iranian forces using standard marine radio to verbally contact, track, and intimidate passing merchant ships on international communication channels. How have attacks affected oil flows?
在2月28日美以联合对伊朗发动战争之前，霍尔木兹海峡日均通行的大型商船约125艘，通过该海峡运输的石油和液化天然气占全球供应总量的20%左右。
Before the US-Israel war on Iran began on February 28, the Strait of Hormuz typically handled about 125 large commercial vessels a day and shipments through it accounted for about 20 percent of global crude and liquefied natural gas supplies.
作为对美以袭击的报复，伊朗实际上封锁了该海峡，并加大了对试图违反其规定的船只的打击力度。与此同时，美国也持续对伊朗港口实施封锁。
In retaliation for the US-Israeli attacks, Iran effectively closed the strait and has stepped up attacks on vessels trying to break its regulations. Meanwhile, Washington has also maintained a blockade on Iranian ports.
不过据Kpler统计，9月份除伊朗外，通过霍尔木兹海峡输送的海湾地区石油量已恢复至战前水平的81%以上；当月中东地区原油出口量有14天超过了战前水平。在美国海军的护送下，越来越多的油轮开始顺利通过该海峡。
In September, however, Gulf oil flows through Hormuz, excluding Iran, recovered to more than 81 percent of pre-war levels, while crude exports from the wider Middle East exceeded pre-war levels on 14 days during the month, Kpler reported . Shepherded by the US Navy, more and more oil tankers had started passing through.
由于伊朗的威胁，船员的奖金大幅提高，保险费率也居高不下。一些分析人士推测，海湾国家可能还向伊朗支付了费用以换取油轮通行许可。正因如此，尽管该地区的石油出口量有所增加，原油价格却依然维持在高位。
The Iranian threat meant ship crew were being paid hefty bonuses, insurance rates remained very high, and some analysts suspect that Gulf nations may also have been paying off Iran to allow tankers to transit. This means that while more oil was being exported from the region, crude prices remained high.
然而近期伊朗袭击事件的激增改变了这一局面。据Kpler数据，10月11日通过该海峡的石油量仅为290万桶，创下本月新低。就在10月8日，通过该海峡的石油量还接近2080万桶，而战前日均运输量则为1710万桶。
But the surge in Iranian attacks in recent days has changed the equation. According to Kpler, only 2.9 million barrels of oil were carried through the waterway on October 11, the lowest level this month. As recently as October 8, nearly 20.8 million barrels of oil passed through the strait. The pre-war average was 17.1 million barrels a day.
周三上午原油价格继续上涨：截至格林尼治时间00:30，布伦特原油期货价格上涨89美分，涨幅0.8%，报每桶106.58美元。周二布伦特原油期货收盘价为每桶105.69美元，西德克萨斯中质原油期货收盘价为每桶94.14美元。美国方面有何表态？
Oil prices continued to climb on Wednesday morning, with Brent crude futures gaining 89 cents, or 0.8 percent, to $106.58 a barrel as of 00:30 GMT. Brent futures had closed at $105.69 a barrel on Tuesday, while West Texas Intermediate settled at $94.14. What is the US saying?
周三，一名美国军方官员向路透社证实，伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡采取了一种重要的战术调整。
On Wednesday, a US military official confirmed to Reuters that Iran had changed tactics in the Strait of Hormuz in one significant way.
这位官员指出，在华盛顿摧毁了伊朗大部分雷达系统后，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队开始派遣乘坐小型船只的无武装侦察员来识别潜在目标，其中包括美国海军舰艇。
The official noted that after Washington destroyed much of Iran’s radar capabilities, the IRGC had started using unarmed spotters in small boats to identify potential targets, including US naval vessels.
该官员称，美军经确认，这些伊朗侦察员乘着三角帆船活动，并向革命卫队报告目标位置。随后美军与其中一艘船只对峙，命令船上人员弃船，随后将其击毁。
The US military determined that Iranian spotters were operating from dhows, calling in targets to the IRGC, the official said, adding that US forces confronted one such vessel, told its occupants to abandon ship and then destroyed it.
美国中央司令部也驳斥了伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队海军指挥官的说法——即德黑兰掌控着霍尔木兹海峡，并能击沉任何驶入该海域的美国军舰。
US Central Command (CENTCOM) has also rejected assertions by the commander of the IRGC that Tehran controls the Strait of Hormuz and would sink approaching US warships.
“伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队根本没有属于自己的海军。美国军队及地区盟友才真正掌控着霍尔木兹海峡，”美国中央司令部在社交平台X上如此表示。
“IRGC’s navy commander has no navy. American forces and regional partners clearly control the Strait of Hormuz,” CENTCOM said on X.
该司令部还称，周一美军协助海湾地区盟友通过这一战略要道运送了超过1900万桶原油。
The military command added that US forces assisted Gulf partners to ship more than 19 million barrels of crude oil through the strategic chokepoint on Monday.
【说法】：伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队海军指挥官今日声称，霍尔木兹海峡处于革命卫队控制之下，任何靠近的美国军舰都将被击沉。
CLAIM: The navy commander for Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps claimed today that the Strait of Hormuz is under IRGC control and any approaching U.S. Navy warships would be "sunk."
【事实】：伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队根本没有属于自己的海军。美国军队及地区盟友才真正掌控着该海峡……pic.twitter.com/n9dhNsyI8O——美国中央司令部 (@CENTCOM) 2026年10月13日那么，究竟谁在掌控霍尔木兹海峡呢？
FACT: IRGC's navy commander has no navy. American forces and regional partners…pic.twitter.com/n9dhNsyI8O — U.S. Central Command (@CENTCOM) October 13, 2026
自战争爆发以来，伊朗实际上已封锁了霍尔木兹海峡。为应对伊朗袭击船只引发的能源危机，美国海军据称开辟了一条新航道，以便海湾国家能够出口石油及其他商品。
So, who controls Hormuz? Since Iran effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz after the war began, the US Navy has reportedly opened up a route so Gulf states can export oil and other commodities amid the energy crisis caused by Iran’s attacks on ships.
周日晚间，伊朗安全事务负责人穆森·雷扎伊声称，美国中央司令部在阿联酋军方协助下，正利用小型船只将原油转运至大型油轮。
On Sunday night, Iran’s security chief, Mohsen Rezaei, claimed that US Central Command, with the assistance of the United Arab Emirates military, was using smaller vessels to transfer oil to larger tankers.
他称这种“转运模式”正是德黑兰的打击目标，过去数周里伊朗每晚都会袭击五到六艘参与转运的船只。
He said this US shuttle system was an explicit target for Tehran, and that Iran has been striking five or six participating vessels nightly for weeks.
“你们在搞走私运输，但霍尔木兹海峡由伊朗掌控，一切都在我们的控制之下，”他如此宣称。
“You are smuggling, but the strait is under Iran’s control, and we manage it,” he asserted.
这似乎是对美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的挑衅之举。近几周来，特朗普多次称赞美国的能源出口量已恢复至战前水平。
This appeared to be a taunt aimed at US President Donald Trump, who has hailed energy exports at times reaching pre-war levels over recent weeks.
伊朗方面称，美国已接受了其提出的关于全面重新开放霍尔木兹海峡及结束战争的七项条件中的部分内容，但华盛顿的回应“不够充分”。德黑兰坚称，只有所有条件均得到满足，协议才能达成。
Iran has claimed that the US accepted some of its seven conditions for the full reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and for ending the war, but that Washington’s response was “insufficient”. Tehran insists that a deal will only materialise when all its demands are met.
约克大学政治学家克里斯·费瑟斯通指出：“特朗普政府并未采取行动推动后续谈判，也未向卡塔尔、巴基斯坦等潜在斡旋方寻求更多协助。”“对伊朗而言，此举或许意在向特朗普政府施加更大压力。”
“The Trump administration has not moved to engage with continued negotiations, and hasn’t sought further help from potential interlocutors, such as Qatar and Pakistan,” Chris Featherstone, the University of York political scientist, said. “For Iran, they may be seeing this as a point to increase pressure on the Trump administration.”
不过他同时指出，霍尔木兹海峡并不在伊朗控制之下，伊朗发动袭击的目的只是为了表明华盛顿同样无法掌控这条航道。
But he noted that the strait is not under Iranian control, and that Tehran’s attacks only attempt to show that Washington does not control the waterway either.
“正因如此，美国的盟友们将加大施压力度，要求特朗普政府为该地区带来更多稳定，或指明实现稳定的可行路径。”他补充道。
“As such, US allies will increase pressure for the Trump administration to bring more stability to the region, or show a path towards achieving greater stability,” he added.