纽约——联合国（UN）如今过于规避风险；其下一任领导人必须准备好承担外交失败带来的后果，并勇于重新尝试，即将成为联合国秘书长人选的雷贝卡·格林斯潘（Rebeca Grynspan）于10月15日对路透社表示。
NEW YORK - The United Nations (UN) has become too risk-averse and its next leader must be prepared to bear the cost of diplomatic failure and try again, Rebeca Grynspan, the frontrunner to be the next UN chief, told Reuters on Oct 15.
她在10月16日安理会再次进行投票之前发表了这番言论，此次投票旨在评估各国对新一任秘书长的支持度；现任秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（Antonio Guterres）的第二个五年任期将于12月31日结束。
She spoke ahead of another Security Council poll on Oct 16 to gauge support for a new secretary-general to succeed Antonio Guterres, whose second five-year term ends on Dec 31.
格林斯潘指出，联合国必须裁减人员、精简官僚机构，并防止各机构之间的工作重复。她认为，仅靠削减开支无法挽救这个因资源减少和政治影响力下降而陷入困境的机构。
Grynspan said the UN must also cut jobs, curb bureaucracy and stop agencies duplicating work, arguing that cost-cutting alone would not revive an institution struggling with shrinking resources and declining political clout.
“我认为联合国已经变得过于规避风险了，”格林斯潘说，“必须有人愿意承担被拒绝或失败所带来的后果，并勇于重新尝试——这才是联合国的职责所在。”
“I think that the UN has become too risk-averse,” Grynspan said. “You are the one that has to take the cost of rejection, the cost of failure, and try again. That's the job of the UN.”
这位70岁的前哥斯达黎加副总统呼吁联合国采取更加积极主动的姿态。她指出，在乌克兰和中东冲突中，这个由193个成员国组成的国际组织基本上被边缘化了；同时，它还面临着美国总统唐纳德·特朗普政府要求削减开支的压力。
Call for a more proactive UN Grynspan, 70, a former vice-president of Costa Rica, called for a more proactive UN after the 193-member body was largely sidelined in wars in Ukraine and the Middle East and as it faces pressure from US President Donald Trump’s administration to cut costs.
“仅仅削减开支是不够的，”格林斯潘强调，“如果不对联合国进行改革，情况只会变得更糟。”作为经济学家，她认为联合国需要重新调整工作重点。
“Cost cutting is not enough. Yes, you can cut costs and make everything worse. If you don’t reform, you will do everything worse than before. That’s why I talk about refocusing,” Grynspan, an economist, told Reuters.
在担任联合国贸易和发展会议（UNCTAD）负责人期间，格林斯潘成功裁减了20%的职位，并明确了该机构的职能重点。
Pointing to her tenure as head of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, Grynspan said she cut 20% of posts while sharpening its focus.
美国驻联合国大使迈克·沃尔茨（Mike Waltz）批评了联合国存在的官僚主义现象及工作重复问题，并呼吁联合国更加重视维和行动。格林斯潘表示她赞同沃尔茨的观点：“在联合国许多业务领域，确实有必要进行整合和重新思考工作方式。”她表示自己会在办公室内任命专人，以确保各项任务能够得到有效执行。
US Ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz has criticised what he called bureaucratic “bloat” and duplication at the UN and called for a clearer focus on peacekeeping. Grynspan said she shared Waltz’s concerns: “Some consolidation and rethinking of how to carry a mandate is necessary in many of the fields that have been expanding in the UN.”She said she would appoint a person inside her office to “impose the discipline that is necessary for mandate implementation”.
格林斯潘指出，她在2022年黑海谷物倡议谈判中的角色，为处理涉及安理会常任理事国的冲突提供了范例。俄罗斯于2023年退出该协议，并抱怨称协议中的关键部分从未得到落实。
Grynspan pointed to her role in negotiations over the 2022 Black Sea Grain Initiative as a model for handling conflicts involving a permanent Security Council member. Russia withdrew from the agreement in 2023 and complained that key parts of the deal were never implemented.
“我们没有去找媒体……是安静的外交起了作用，”她说。“这不是关于在国际事务中能否实现完全和谐……而是关于做好事。”格林斯潘表示，联合国已经具备发挥更大外交作用所需的专业知识、信息和在地存在，但需要能够整合这些资源的领导力。
“We didn’t go to the press ... It was quiet diplomacy that worked,” she said. “This is not about being able to have total harmony in the international affairs ... it’s about doing good.”Grynspan said the UN already had the expertise, information and presence on the ground needed to play a larger diplomatic role but needed leadership capable of bringing those resources together.
“维和必须成为联合国努力的中心，”她说，并引用致命的国家间冲突有所上升，呼吁更加强调调解和预防。
“Peacemaking has to be at the centre of the efforts of the UN,” she said, citing a rise in deadly inter-state conflicts and calling for greater emphasis on mediation as well as prevention.
格林斯潘还呼吁在维和行动中更具灵活性，表示秘书长应与安理会五个常任理事国密切合作，在传统维和行动不可行时寻找替代模式。
Grynspan also called for greater flexibility in peacekeeping, saying the secretary-general should work closely with the Security Council’s five permanent members to find alternative models when traditional peacekeeping is not viable.
她以海地的多国支援任务为例说：“我们为什么要如此防御？为什么应该只有联合国维和部队？……让我们试着让海地好起来，并从经验中学习。”“游戏还未结束”格林斯潘若获胜，将成为联合国历史上首位女性秘书长。据知情外交官透露，她在五次非正式草稿投票中四次领先，上周获得九票赞成。
Pointing to the multi-national support mission in Haiti, she said: “Why should we be so defensive? Why should it be only a UN peacekeeping force? ... Let’s try to make Haiti work and learn from the experience.”‘Game not over’Grynspan, who will become the first female secretary-general in the UN’s history if she wins, has come out ahead in four out of five informal straw polls, obtaining nine votes in favour last week, according to diplomats close to the process.
获得推荐需要15个国家中至少九票赞成，且五个常任理事国——美国、中国、俄罗斯、法国和英国——不得投出“劝阻”票。
Securing the recommendation requires at least nine positive votes out of the 15 countries, and no “discourage” votes from the five permanent members: the United States, China, Russia, France, and Britain.
10月16日的投票将首次使用彩色选票，揭示否决权国家是否反对某位候选人。
The Oct 16 poll will for the first time use colour-coded ballots revealing whether a veto power opposes a candidate.
格林斯潘表示，她是唯一一位在每次投票中都获得九票支持的候选人；不过，如果她收到某个拥有否决权的国家的反对票，她也不会感到意外。她指出，在过去的选举中，类似的反对情况也曾被成功克服过。
Grynspan said she was the only candidate who has consistently reached nine votes in her favour, but she “wouldn’t be surprised” if she got a discouraging vote from a veto power. She said such opposition has been overcome in past races.
联合国的外交官们透露，包括前外交部长、现任外交部长以及一些国家领导人在内的多位高层人士正在认真考虑参选。
Diplomats at the UN say several senior figures, including former and current foreign ministers and country leaders, are seriously considering entering the race.
格林斯潘表示，在10月16日的投票之后，可能会有新的候选人加入竞选行列，并补充说：“比赛还没有结束——我们仍需继续努力。”（路透社）
Grynspan said she expected new names could enter the race after the Oct 16 vote and added: “The game is not over - we will have to continue working.”REUTERS