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乌克兰打击数据中心,俄罗斯人银行账户和公寓门禁被锁Russians locked out of bank accounts and apartments as Ukraine hits data centers

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2024年10月8日,社交媒体视频截图显示,俄罗斯西部梁赞州萨索沃的Yandex数据中心在遭到无人机袭击引发的火灾后,浓烟滚滚。图片来源:路透社Smoke billows from a Yandex data center in Sasovo in the western Ryazan Oblast of Russia, after a fire following a drone strike, in a screen grab obtained from a social media video on Oct. 8. via Reuters

乌克兰对俄罗斯互联网巨头Yandex数据中心的打击,让数百万俄罗斯人在日常生活中感受到了影响,从取钱到叫车或点外卖,无所不在。“我陷入了一种完全没有钱的境况。嗯,我有钱,但无法取用,”圣彼得堡博主伊琳娜在上周接受NBC新闻采访时说,她当时已有四天无法取用自己的钱。伊琳娜和其他几位受访者一样,在就敏感问题向外国新闻机构发言时不愿透露姓氏。

From accessing their money to ordering a taxi or takeout — millions of Russians were feeling the impact of Ukrainian strikes on the data centers of the country’s internet giant Yandex in their daily life. “I ended up in a situation where I had absolutely no money. Well, I had the money, but it was inaccessible,” said Irina, a blogger from St. Petersburg, who had not been able to access her money for four days when she spoke with NBC News last week. Irina, who like several other interviewees did not want her last name shared while speaking with a foreign news organization on a sensitive matter, said her rent was due the day the first outages happened, when she hoped “that it would be fixed in a few hours.”

她说,她的房租在首次停电当天到期,当时她希望“几个小时内就能修好”。几天后,她仍无法取用钱来支付水电费,甚至给小孩买食物。本月早些时候持续数天的打击,是乌克兰试图将战争带到俄罗斯家门口以来,首次公开披露的对俄罗斯数据中心的攻击。这次中断影响了Yandex提供的众多服务,Yandex是一家类似谷歌的科技巨头,其服务深度融入俄罗斯人的日常生活,其他第三方平台也依赖其数字基础设施。

Days later, she still had no access to money to pay for utilities or even food for her small child. The strikes that took place over several days earlier this month were the first publicized attacks on Russian data centers as Ukraine seeks to bring the war home for Russians. The disruption hit a myriad of services provided by Yandex, a tech giant akin to Google whose services are deeply integrated into daily life in Russia, and whose digital infrastructure is relied on by other third-party platforms. Many people took to social media to complain about not being able to order a taxi or food delivery.

许多人在社交媒体上抱怨无法叫车或点外卖。还有人报告说无法访问该公司存储服务中的文件,甚至有人因为数字钥匙离线而难以进入家门。虽然大多数Yandex服务已恢复上线,但有三人告诉NBC新闻,在Yandex Pay(许多俄罗斯人使用的数字支付服务)出现中断后,他们被锁在可支配现金和储蓄之外数天。21岁的伊琳娜说,今后她会将存款分散到不同银行,并准备一笔“可观的现金储备”以防万一。Yandex于10月9日表示,没有员工受伤,公司正在努力恢复服务。

Others reported not being able to access their files on the company’s storage service, while some even struggled to get into their homes after their digital keys went offline. While most Yandex services have been coming back online, three people told NBC News they had been left locked out of their disposable cash and savings for days after disruptions to Yandex Pay, a digital payment service that many Russians use. Irina, 21, said that in the future she will diversify her deposits across different banks and have a “substantial cash reserve” just in case. Yandex said Oct. 9 that no employees were hurt and that the company is working to restore service. “Data centers are the iron heart of Yandex,” the statement said.

袭击发生后,Yandex表示其“数据中心是这家科技巨头的铁心”。图片来源:Sefa Karacan / Anadolu 通过盖蒂Following the attacks, Yandex said its “data centers are the iron heart" of the tech giant. Sefa Karacan / Anadolu via Getty

“数据中心是Yandex的铁心,”声明说。“它们的运营对那些已成为人们日常生活一部分的服务至关重要。”25岁的阿纳斯塔西娅·米季耶娃,她在南部城市克拉斯诺达尔和莫斯科之间往返,表示,她对这些中断感到“震惊”,起初,由于她的账户、她母亲的账户和她祖母的账户都无法访问,她的家人担心能否偿还房贷。“这种不确定性很可怕,”米季耶娃说,她在TikTok上有两百万粉丝,原籍俄罗斯吞并的克里米亚。

“Their operation is critical for services that have become part of people’s everyday lives.”Anastasiya Mityaeva, 25, who splits her time between the southern city of Krasnodar and Moscow, said she was “shocked” by the outages, which initially left her family worried about being able to pay down their mortgage after her account, her mother’s account and her grandmother’s account were all inaccessible. “The uncertainty was scary,” said Mityaeva, who has two million followers on TikTok and is originally from Russian-annexed Crimea. “We realized just how much hangs on Yandex. We did not quite appreciate it before,” she added.

“我们意识到有多少事情取决于Yandex。我们之前并不完全意识到这一点,”她补充道。米季耶娃在几天后重新获得了资金访问权限,但在中断的第一天,她在叫车方面也遇到了问题,并且在进入公寓楼的系统上遇到了麻烦。她的Yandex家用语音助手,相当于亚马逊Echo,不再响应播放音乐和关灯的请求。她没有责怪该公司,称Yandex是“局势的俘虏”,并补充说:“我明白这不是他们能决定的,这是来自外部的。”其他人对该公司则更为批评。

Mityaeva, who regained access to her money after several days, also had issues calling a taxi on the first day of the outages, and encountered problems with the system to enter her apartment building. Her Yandex home voice assistant, equivalent to an Amazon Echo, stopped responding to requests to play music and turn off the lights. She did not blame the company, saying Yandex was a “hostage of the situation,” adding: “I understand that this was not up to them, this came from the outside.”Others were more critical of the company.

来自莫斯科的30岁咖啡师维多利亚表示,由于在中断期间无法取用资金,她计划完全停止使用Yandex,并将其描述为在最近其他问题之后的“压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草”。她周六表示,她再次可以通过Yandex Pay取用资金,但称该服务显示的账户余额有误。三名在莫斯科使用Yandex叫车应用接单和收款的出租车司机都告诉NBC新闻,在中断期间他们无法看到自己赚了多少钱,也无法提取收入。

Viktoria, a 30-year-old barista from Moscow, said she plans to stop using Yandex completely after being unable to access her money during the outages, describing it as the last straw after other recent issues. She said Saturday that she once again had access to her money through Yandex Pay, but said the service was displaying the wrong balance on her account. Three taxi drivers in Moscow, who use Yandex’s taxi application to take orders and get paid, all told NBC News they couldn’t see how much money they were making and could not withdraw their earnings during the outage.

其中一名司机表示,他已完全停止工作,直到问题解决。他原籍吉尔吉斯斯坦,不知道中断为何发生。

One of the drivers said he has stopped working altogether until the problem gets fixed. He was originally from Kyrgyzstan and did not know why the outages were happening.

另一位司机来自克拉斯诺达尔的瓦列里,只在该岗位工作了几个月,此前他在俄罗斯零售巨头Wildberries的包装中心工作,该仓库曾在7月遭到乌克兰无人机袭击。当Yandex服务中断开始时,他说叫车应用会显示错误信息,甚至为同一位客户派出多辆车。虽然这一问题基本已得到解决,但瓦列里表示,他面临的最大问题是无法提取他在Yandex上已经赚到的钱。

Another driver, Valery from Krasnodar, had only been on the job for a few months, having previously worked at a packing center for Wildberries, Russia’s retail giant, whose warehouse was attacked by Ukrainian drones in July. When the Yandex outages started, he said the taxi app would show error messages or even send several cars for the same customer. While that has been largely resolved, Valery said the biggest issue for him was that he couldn’t withdraw the money that he had already earned with Yandex.

此次中断影响了Yandex提供的众多服务,这家科技巨头的服务深度融入了俄罗斯人的日常生活。图片来源:Sefa Karacan / Anadolu 通过盖蒂The disruption hit a myriad of services provided by Yandex, a tech giant whose services are deeply integrated into daily life in Russia. Sefa Karacan / Anadolu via Getty

“如果我再过一周或两周还无法拿到我的工资,我将开始找另一份工作,”24岁的瓦列里说。除了Yandex之外,俄罗斯最大的银行Sberbank和科技巨头VK的数据中心在最近几天也遭到袭击。分析人士称,这种混乱绝非偶然。切瑟姆研究所的副研究员凯尔·吉尔斯对NBC新闻表示:“乌克兰的行动从一开始就有一个目标,就是让普通俄罗斯人意识到他们正处于战争状态,而这会带来后果。”

“If I can’t access my pay in another week or two, I will start looking for another job,” Valery, 24, said. In addition to Yandex, the data centers of Russia’s biggest bank Sberbank and tech giant VK have also been targeted in recent days. That chaos is no accident, analysts say. “Ukraine’s campaign from the start has had as one of its objectives bringing home to ordinary Russians the fact that they are at war, and this involves consequences,” Keir Giles, an associate fellow at Chatham House, told NBC News.

吉尔斯说,目标是让普通俄罗斯人得出结论:他们的生活正因领导人发动战争的行为而被扰乱。皇家联合服务研究所的无人机专家和研究员罗伯特·托拉斯表示,Yandex也可能成为目标,因为它在塑造俄罗斯人看到的网络内容方面发挥作用。托拉斯还补充说,数据中心的军事价值也在增长,因为冲突双方都在利用战场数据来改进作战和指挥官的态势感知,可能还会借助AI辅助规划。

The aim, Giles said, is for everyday Russians to conclude that their lives are being disrupted because of their leaders’ actions in waging war. Yandex may also be a target because of its role in shaping what Russians see online, said Robert Tollast, a drone expert and researcher at the Royal United Services Institute in London. Data centers also have growing military value, Tollast added, as both sides use battlefield data to improve operations and commanders’ situational awareness, potentially with AI-assisted planning.

当被问及服务中断以及政府是否正在考虑在财政上援助受影响的人时,克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫表示,目前谈论政府支持还为时过早,因为Yandex“正面临困难”,但它“强大而有力”。与此同时,俄罗斯当局正在研究在“前所未有的袭击”之后如何保护数据中心,数字发展部长马克苏特·沙达耶夫如此表示。

Asked about the outages and whether the government was looking into financially assisting those affected, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said it was premature to talk about government support because Yandex is “facing difficulties,” but is “strong and powerful.”Meanwhile, Russian authorities were looking at protecting data centers after the “unprecedented attack,” said Minister of Digital Development Maksut Shadayev.

周三,俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京召开会议,讨论提升俄罗斯数字安全水平的问题,但佩斯科夫表示,此次会议与对数据中心的袭击无关。俄罗斯一直在加大对乌克兰数据中心的攻击力度,乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基指责莫斯科试图“让乌克兰人断网”。泽连斯基在上周的一次演讲中表示,乌克兰也在以牙还牙,通过袭击Yandex来进行报复,并补充称(但未提供证据)“由于俄罗斯机器人减少,许多社交媒体平台上的呼吸突然变得轻松了一些”。

On Wednesday, President Vladimir Putin held a meeting on enhancing the level of digital security in Russia, but Peskov said it was not linked to the attacks on data centers. Russia has increasingly ramped up its own attacks on Ukrainian data centers, with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy accusing Moscow of trying to “leave Ukrainians without the internet.”Ukraine was reciprocating those strikes by hitting Yandex, he said in a speech last week, adding without providing evidence that “it suddenly became a little easier to breathe on many social media platforms” because there were fewer Russian bots around.

NBC新闻无法核实Yandex服务中断是否产生了这种效果。虽然双方都曾袭击数据中心,但乌克兰军事分析师、新地缘政治研究网络主管米哈伊洛·萨穆斯表示,俄罗斯的数据中心更易成为目标。他指出,虽然乌克兰的数据中心分布广泛,但俄罗斯的许多数据中心集中在少数几个大型设施中,这意味着一次对单一设施的袭击就可能导致交通、互联网接入和支付等多项服务中断。“非常容易且非常重要,”他说。

NBC News could not verify if Yandex services going down had that effect. While both sides have hit data centers, Russia’s were an easier target, said Mykhailo Samus, a Ukrainian military analyst and director of the New Geopolitics Research Network. While Ukraine’s data centers are widely dispersed, many of Russia’s are concentrated in a handful of large facilities, he said, meaning a strike on a single site can disrupt services spanning transport, internet access and payments. “Very easy and very important,” he said.

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