美联社俄罗斯一向以其数字领域的进步为傲——从庞大的电子商务服务行业，到雄心勃勃的人工智能发展计划。
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Russia prides itself on its digital advances — from an extensive e-commerce services sector to ambitious plans for developing artificial intelligence.
但如今，在这场已持续四年半的全面入侵中，乌克兰的无人机袭击已摧毁了支撑其技术实力的一些关键数据中心，造成的损坏可能需要很长时间才能修复。
But now, some of the key data centers at the heart of its technical prowess have been knocked out by Ukrainian drone attacks in the 4 1/2-year-old full-scale invasion , suffering damage that could take a long time to repair.
本月，乌克兰袭击了科技巨头Yandex旗下的三个主要数据中心、俄罗斯最大银行俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行的一个数据中心，以及社交媒体平台VKontakte的一个数据中心——该平台相当于俄罗斯的Facebook。尽管Yandex、俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行和VKontakte对受损情况讳莫如深，但俄罗斯各地的个人和企业纷纷报告云服务出现大面积中断。银行、电子商务、地理定位和网约车服务，以及Yandex的虚拟助手Alisa和多模态AI聊天机器人，都遭受了持续性的中断。
Ukraine this month hit three main data centers belonging to tech giant Yandex, one for Russia’s biggest bank, Sberbank, and one for social media platform VKontakte, the country’s equivalent to While Yandex, Sberbank and VKontakte are coy about the damage, people and businesses across Russia have reported widespread interruptions to cloud services. Banking, e-commerce, geolocation and ride-hailing services, as well as Alisa, Yandex’s virtual assistant, and multimodal AI chatbots all have suffered lasting disruptions.
影响甚至波及俄罗斯的司法系统。据报道，仲裁法院被迫取消或推迟开庭，数据库访问也被切断。
The fallout even spread to Russia’s judicial system, reportedly forcing arbitration courts to cancel or postpone sessions and cutting database access.
多数专家预测，修复损坏可能需要数月甚至数年时间。一些人警告说，莫斯科成为人工智能发展领导者的雄心可能会严重受挫。
Most experts predict repairing the damage could take months, if not years. Some warn that Moscow’s aspirations to become a leader in AI development could be significantly set back.
“这实际上使俄罗斯在AI竞赛中远远落后，”活动组织互联网保护协会负责人米哈伊尔·克利马雷夫说。
“This effectively sets Russia far behind in the AI race,” said Mikhail Klimarev, head of the Internet Protection Society activist group.
数据中心是双方针对彼此关键基础设施发动的空中打击的最新目标。
Data centers are the latest targets of aerial campaigns waged by both sides against each other’s vital infrastructure.
俄罗斯的导弹和无人机猛烈打击了乌克兰的电网和其他关键设施，这是克里姆林宫削弱对方士气和抵抗意志的行动的一部分。随着冬季临近，莫斯科加大了这些攻击力度，利用美国供应的“爱国者”拦截导弹短缺之机——华盛顿与伊朗的战争已耗尽了其库存。
Russian missiles and drones have pummeled Ukraine’s power grid and other key sites, part of Kremlin efforts to weaken morale and resistance. Moscow stepped up those attacks as winter approaches, taking advantage of a shortage of U.S.-supplied Patriot interceptors, whose stockpiles have been drained by Washington’s war with Iran.
乌克兰以一波又一波无人机袭击俄罗斯炼油厂作为报复，引发大规模燃料危机，并把战争带到数百万平民身边。
Ukraine retaliated with waves of drone attacks against Russian oil refineries, triggering a massive fuel crisis and bringing the war home to millions of civilians.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普将这些袭击归咎于全球油价上涨，而油价上涨在很大程度上是由于美国对伊朗的战争而升级。本月早些时候，特朗普与总统弗拉基米尔·普京达成协议，进口柴油，此举令乌克兰及其盟友震惊。
U.S. President Donald Trump has blamed the attacks for higher global oil prices, which have escalated largely due to the U.S. war in Iran. Earlier this month, Trump struck a deal with President Vladimir Putin to import diesel oil, shocking Ukraine and its allies.
乌克兰还打击了俄罗斯顶级在线零售商Wildberries和Ozon的大型仓库。
Ukraine also hit huge warehouses for Russia’s top online retailers, Wildberries and Ozon.
基辅对俄罗斯数据中心的袭击紧随莫斯科近期对乌克兰数据中心的打击，后者扰乱了互联网和电视播出。
Kyiv’s attacks on Russian data centers closely followed Moscow’s recent strikes on data centers in Ukraine, which disrupted the internet and TV broadcasts.
10月8日，乌克兰无人机袭击了位于梁赞州萨索沃的一座Yandex数据中心，该中心容纳了该公司三台超级计算机中的两台。次日，卡卢加的一座数据中心遭到袭击，10月11日弗拉基米尔的数据中心又遭到打击。
On Oct. 8, Ukrainian drones hit a Yandex data center in Sasovo in the Ryazan region that houses two of the company’s three supercomputers. A data center in Kaluga was hit a day later and the one in Vladimir was struck Oct. 11.
10月14日，俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行位于萨拉托夫州巴拉科沃的数据中心和人工智能枢纽遭到袭击，四天后，基辅打击了圣彼得堡一座为VKontakte提供服务的数据中心。
The data center and AI hub for Sberbank was hit Oct. 14 in Balakovo in the Saratov region, and four days later, Kyiv struck a data center in St. Petersburg serving VKontakte.
炼油厂和仓库容易得手，而数据中心则是更软的目标——这些庞大建筑里塞满了服务器以及配套的供电和冷却基础设施。一架携带相对较轻爆炸载荷的无人机就能造成持久破坏。
While oil refineries and warehouses are easy prey, data centers are even softer targets — massive buildings packed with servers and supporting power and cooling infrastructure. Lasting damage can result from a drone carrying a relatively light load of explosives.
数据中心易受攻击这一点是由伊朗暴露出来的，其无人机击中了阿拉伯联合酋长国的两个亚马逊云服务数据中心和巴林的一个。亚马逊云服务上个月表示，无法恢复其中两个中心所托管资源和数据的访问。
The vulnerability of data centers was exposed by Iran, whose drones hit two Amazon Web Services data centers in the United Arab Emirates and one in Bahrain. AWS said last month it was unable to restore access to the resources and data hosted at two of them.
Yandex曾针对可能使其六座数据中心之一瘫痪的事故进行演练，但当其三座关键设施在四天内接连遭袭时，它仍措手不及。目前尚不清楚这些设施附近的防空系统为何未能奏效。
Yandex has run drills for an accident that could incapacitate one of its six data centers, but it was caught unprepared when its three key facilities were hit over four days. It wasn’t immediately clear why air defenses near the sites had failed.
“俄罗斯的问题是，他们需要为一个幅员辽阔的国家提供防空覆盖，但力量不足，”欧亚集团高级地缘技术分析师尼克·赖纳斯说。
“The problem in Russia is that they’ve got to cover a big country with air defense and they don’t have enough,” said Nick Reiners, senior geotechnology analyst at Eurasia Group.
乌克兰已将关键数据存储在盟友欧洲国家的服务器上，帮助限制了俄罗斯攻击造成的损害。但莫斯科严格的数字主权政策要求所有数据都在国内存储，这使其极易受到攻击。
Ukraine has stored critical data on servers in allied European countries, helping limit the damage from Russian attacks. But Moscow’s strict digital sovereignty policy requires all data storage at home, making it extremely vulnerable.
“由于所有基础设施和所有数据都位于俄罗斯境内，因此相对更容易被摧毁，”赖纳斯说。
“Because all the infrastructure and all the data is located inside Russia, it’s relatively easier to take down,” Reiners said.
克利马列夫预测，数据中心袭击可能促使许多俄罗斯顶尖公司将数据转移到国外，而当局可能会放松加强互联网控制的努力，以尽量减少损害。
Klimarev predicted the data center attacks could encourage many top Russian companies to move data abroad, while the authorities could ease their efforts to tighten internet controls to minimize the damage.
“讽刺的是，对数据中心的打击拯救了俄罗斯互联网免于孤立，因为现在他们不得不将计算资产，很可能，转移到欧洲，”克利马列夫说。“许多俄罗斯企业现在很可能正在欧洲市场寻找租赁计算资产。”Yandex主导着俄罗斯及许多前苏联国家的数字生活。它提供包括搜索引擎、云存储、支付应用、地理定位和叫车服务以及电子商务平台在内的各种功能。
“Paradoxically, the strikes on data centers have saved the Russian internet from isolation, as they will now have to move computing assets, most likely, to Europe,” Klimarev said. “It’s quite likely that many Russian businesses are now roaming the European market to rent computing assets.”Yandex dominates digital life in Russia and many former Soviet nations. It provides a wide variety of functions, including a search engine, cloud storage, payment apps, geolocation and ride-hailing services, and e-commerce platforms.
“Yandex有点像Uber、亚马逊、谷歌以及一切的集合体，”所有东西都“集中在仅有的几个数据中心，”赖纳斯说。“从战略角度来看，它们是极佳的目标。”对Yandex的袭击造成了前所未有的中断，瘫痪了支付、在线订单、叫车服务以及个人数据访问。
“Yandex is kind of like Uber and Amazon and Google and everything rolled into one,” with everything “concentrated in just a few data centers,” Reiners said. “From a strategic perspective, they’re an excellent target.”The attacks on Yandex caused unprecedented disruptions, paralyzing payments, online orders, taxi rides and access to personal data.
莫斯科居民伊戈尔·曼说，他无法取下在Yandex Market（一个电子商务平台）下的订单。他说他尝试使用虚拟私人网络，但“一无所获。”通过Yandex叫车应用接单的出租车司机帕维尔·别利亚夫斯基无法与乘客联系。
Moscow resident Igor Mann said he couldn’t collect an order he placed with Yandex Market, an e-commerce platform. He said he tried using a virtual private network, but “nothing worked.”Taxi driver Pavel Belyavskiy, who gets orders via Yandex’s ride-hailing app, couldn’t connect with passengers.
“在好几次订单中，我最终都等了很久，不得不取消乘车，因为根本联系不上乘客，”他说。
“On several orders already, I’ve ended up waiting for a long time and had to cancel the ride because I couldn’t even get in touch with the passenger,” he said.
这些袭击还导致一些依赖Yandex云服务的大型公司和银行出现临时中断。
The attacks also caused temporary disruptions at some major companies and banks that rely on Yandex cloud services.
“这不仅仅是方便的问题，还关乎工作……与日常生活息息相关，”另一位莫斯科居民爱德华·马利亚夫科说。
“It’s not just about convenience — it’s also about work ... tied to everyday life,” said another Moscow resident, Eduard Malyavko.
Yandex表示，在随后的几天里，它通过转向俄罗斯的其他数据中心，恢复了大部分关键云服务。但普遍认为，对该公司人工智能研发工作的损害是巨大且影响持久的。
Yandex said it restored most key cloud services in the following days as it turned to other data centers in Russia. But the damage to the company’s AI development efforts is widely seen as massive and longer-lasting.
随着全球人工智能热潮推动对算力的需求，Yandex投资建设了大型数据中心。该公司用于开发模型的三台超级计算机曾位列世界前500名。其最强大的计算机——位于萨索沃数据中心——曾排名第19位。
Yandex has invested in huge data centers as the global AI boom fuels demand for computing power. The company’s three supercomputers used to develop models are ranked among the top 500 in the world. Its most powerful computer — at the Sasovo data center — was ranked 19th.
Yandex未披露袭击后果的具体程度，但卫星图像显示其数据中心遭受了严重损毁。一些观察人士指出，袭击引发的火灾很可能严重损坏了高端芯片和其他关键设备。
Yandex didn’t disclose the extent of the strikes’ consequences, but satellite images indicated its data centers sustained serious damage. Some observers noted that fires triggered by the attacks probably seriously damaged high-end chips and other key equipment.
“遭受这种打击，很难指望至少还有什么东西完好无损——数据中心的设备脆弱、要求高且昂贵，”克利马列夫说。“火灾产生的烟尘对电子设备有害。”他表示，俄罗斯在人工智能领域已经落后于美国和中国多年，“乌克兰的无人机袭击很可能还会进一步拖慢俄罗斯的人工智能进程，”外交关系委员会专家康纳·马丁说。
“With this kind of hit, it’s hard to expect that at least something was left intact — the data centers’ equipment is fragile, demanding and expensive,” Klimarev said. “Soot from the fire is bad for electronics.”While Russia already lagged years behind the U.S. and China, “Ukraine’s drone strikes will likely still set back Russian AI efforts further,” said Connor Martin, an expert with the Council for Foreign Relations.
他在一篇评论中表示，俄罗斯很可能难以快速替换为Yandex超级计算机提供动力的美国设计的英伟达A100芯片。
He said in a commentary that Russia likely will struggle to quickly replace the U.S.-designed Nvidia A100 chips powering Yandex’s supercomputers.
克利马列夫还表示，全球高端芯片短缺，加上对向俄罗斯运送芯片的制裁，将使维修工作漫长且昂贵。“我不确定能否在半年、一年，甚至根本无法完成，”他说。开尔文·陈在伦敦参与报道。
Klimarev also said the global deficit of high-end chips, combined with the sanctions on their delivery to Russia, will make repairs long and costly. “I’m not sure it can be done in half a year, a year, or even at all,” he said. Kelvin Chan in London contributed.