印度的俄罗斯石油聚焦，卢比奥访问主要的信实炼油厂 穆拉里·克里希南 2026年10月19日 华盛顿最高外交官本周访问印度，将跳过新德里，而是前往世界上最大的石油炼油厂，该炼油厂处理大量俄罗斯原油。特朗普是否在寻求新协议？
India's Russian oil in focus as Rubio visits major Reliance refinery Murali Krishnan October 19, 2026 A visit to India this week by Washington's top diplomat will skip New Delhi and instead include the world's largest oil refinery that processes massive amounts of Russian crude. Is Trump looking for a new deal?
在抵达印度之前，卢比奥表示贸易协议“接近” 美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥周一在金融中心孟买启动对印度的为期三天的访问，随后前往贾姆纳格尔，该地是工业巨头信实工业旗下主要石油炼油厂所在地。
Ahead of his arrival in India, Rubio said a trade deal was 'close' US Secretary of State Marco Rubio kicks off a three-day visit to India on Monday in the finance hub of Mumbai, before heading to Jamnagar, home to a major oil refinery owned by industrial titan Reliance Industries.
卢比奥以商业为导向的访问正值贸易谈判因美国对印度购买俄罗斯石油的惩罚措施持续存在模糊性而陷入停滞之际。信实是委内瑞拉石油的主要买家 该炼油厂每日可处理140万桶原油，使其成为全球市场柴油燃料的重要出口商。该炼油厂也是俄罗斯乌拉尔原油的主要买家之一，使其成为印度与俄罗斯能源关系的重要组成部分。
Rubio's business-oriented visit comes as trade talks remain stalled amid continued ambiguity on punitive measures from the US over India's purchases of Russian oil Reliance is a top buyer of Venezuelan oil The refinery can process 1.4 million barrels of crude oil a day, making it a valuable exporter of diesel fuel for global markets. The refinery has also been a major buyer of Russian Urals crude, making it a significant part of India's energy relationship with Russia.
今年3月，华盛顿公布了得克萨斯州新建石油炼油厂的计划，该项目得到信实的支持。
In March, Washington unveiled plans for a new oil refinery in Texas, backed by Reliance.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普将该项目的价值定为3000亿美元（2580亿欧元），并将其呈现为帮助减少美国对印度贸易逆差的一种方式。该项目是否推进以及以何种条款推进将受到密切关注。
US President Donald Trump has put the value of the project at $300 billion (€258 billion) and presented it as a way to help reduce the US trade deficit with India. Whether the project moves forward, and on what terms, will be closely watched.
难以捉摸的美印贸易协议 自2025年第二次上任以来，特朗普一直在就他认为不公平的贸易做法以及印度在乌克兰战争中继续购买俄罗斯石油的问题上，对印度的关税威胁反复无常。
An elusive US-India trade deal Since taking office for a second time in 2025, Trump has gone back and forth on tariff threats with India over what he considers to be unfair trade practices, along with India's continued purchases of Russian oil amid the war in Ukraine.
印度如何成为俄罗斯的贸易生命线 要观看此视频，以及 2026年2月，特朗普宣布了一项“贸易协议”，该协议削减了美国对印度商品的关税，以换取印度降低贸易壁垒并停止购买俄罗斯石油。特朗普曾声称印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪承诺停止购买俄罗斯石油。然而，新德里从未证实这一点。
How India has become Russia's trade lifeline To view this video , and In February 2026, Trump announced a "trade deal" that slashed US tariffs on Indian goods, in exchange for India lowering trade barriers and halting purchases of Russian oil. Trump had claimed that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi promised to stop buying Russian oil. However, this has never been confirmed by New Delhi.
然而，来自大宗商品和能源市场情报公司Kpler的海事数据显示，印度炼油厂曾短暂地将供应来源从俄罗斯转向其他地区，以避免制裁收紧，但印度对折扣俄罗斯原油的深度依赖仍然是其能源战略的基石。俄罗斯仍然是印度最大的原油供应国。
While maritime data from Kpler, a commodities and energy-market intelligence company, showed Indian refiners briefly diversified supply away from Russia to avoid tightening sanctions, India's deep reliance on discounted Russian crude continues to be a cornerstone of its energy strategy. Russia remains India's top supplier of crude oil.
9月中旬，特朗普签署了“林赛·O·格雷厄姆制裁俄罗斯和伊朗法案”，对俄罗斯石油和天然气的主要买家征收100%的关税，其中包括印度。然而，就在上周，就在该立法即将生效前几天，特朗普签署了一项行政命令，暂停了这些制裁。卢比奥：贸易协议“接近” 在前往印度之前，卢比奥曾在乌兹别克斯坦参加由美国和五个中亚国家组成的“C5+1”外交平台会议。在会议侧边，卢比奥表示，美印贸易谈判正在进行，并考虑到豁免制裁的问题。
In mid-September, Trump signed the "Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act," imposing 100% tariffs on top buyers of Russian oil and gas, which includes India However, last week, just days before the legislation was due to go into effect, Trump signed an executive order pausing the sanctions Rubio: Trade deal 'close' Before traveling to India, Rubio was in Uzbekistan for a meeting of the "C5+1" diplomatic platform comprising the US and five Central Asian countries. In remarks on the sidelines, Rubio said trade talks with India are taking place with the sanctions waivers in mind.
贾姆纳加尔是世界上最大的单一地点炼油厂 “在过去几个月里，我们一直在豁免制裁，因为我们在审视全球供应、全球价格，以及这对其他国家的影响，”他说。
Jamnagar is the largest single-site oil refinery in the world "We have had to waive sanctions over the past few months, looking at the global supplies, looking at global prices, and the impact it was having on other countries," he said.
“我们目前正努力与印度达成贸易协议。我们离成功非常近，”卢比奥补充道。
"We're trying to finalize a trade deal with India right now. We're very close to doing that," Rubio added.
在接受印度广播公司NDTV采访时，美国驻印度大使塞尔吉奥·戈尔表示，贾姆纳加尔可能成为美国宝贵的柴油来源。
In an interview with Indian broadcaster NDTV, US Ambassador to India Sergio Gor said that Jamnagar could be a valuable source of diesel for the US.
金杜全球大学外交政策分析师C·拉贾·莫汉对德国之声表示，卢比奥跳过印度首都访问，转而前往孟买和贾姆纳格尔，不应被视为外交上的冷遇，因为在乌克兰和中东战争引发的全球能源危机中，该炼油厂具有国际重要性。
Foreign policy analyst C Raja Mohan of Jindal Global University told DW that Rubio skipping a visit to the Indian capital in favor of Mumbai and Jamnagar should not be considered a diplomatic snub, as the refinery has international importance amid the global energy crunch brought on by the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East.
他说，贾姆纳格尔是“全球贸易的重要节点”，因为它加工俄罗斯原油，并作为通道将俄罗斯炼油产品输送至西方市场。
He said Jamnagar is an "important node in global trade" because it processes Russian oil and serves as a conduit for refined Russian petroleum products reaching Western markets.
尽管特朗普对制裁的宽恕为新德里提供了暂时的缓解，但潜在威胁仍然存在。华盛顿仍保留施加惩罚性关税的选项，使俄罗斯石油成为更广泛贸易谈判中的潜在杠杆来源。
Although Trump's sanctions reprieve offers New Delhi temporary relief, the underlying threat remains. Washington retains the option of imposing punitive tariffs, leaving Russian oil as a potential source of leverage in wider trade negotiations.
前印度驻美国大使米拉·尚卡尔警告不要过度解读卢比奥决定跳过访问德里的行为，因为印度正面临政治批评。
Former Indian ambassador to the US, Meera Shankar, cautioned against reading too much into Rubio's decision to skip Delhi amid political criticism in India.
她对德国之声表示：“他目前访问的重点是能源，他正在访问贾姆纳格尔的靠炼油厂。”
"The focus of his current trip is on energy, and he is visiting the Reliance refinery in Jamnagar," she told DW.
“燃料价格，尤其是柴油价格的高企，已成为特朗普政府的政治负担，该政府希望被视为正在采取行动解决这一问题，”尚卡尔说。
"The high price of fuel, particularly diesel, has become a political liability for the Trump administration, which wants to be seen taking action on this issue," Shankar said.
自伊朗战争爆发及其中东供应链随之中断以来，全球柴油价格飙升。在豁免对俄罗斯的制裁时，特朗普试图将乌克兰对俄罗斯石油设施的攻击作为高油价的原因。
Diesel prices have skyrocketed around the world following the Iran war and the ensuing disruption of supply from the Middle East. In waiving Russia sanctions, Trump has tried to blame Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil facilities as being the cause of high prices.
尚卡尔指出，靠炼油厂计划在得克萨斯州建设炼油厂，并指出该州是“即将到来的美国中期选举中的摇摆州之一”。她表示：“该投资若能取得一些进展将是受欢迎的。”特朗普的柴油协议能否降低美国燃油价格？特朗普是否在削弱对德里的信任？
Shankar pointed to Reliance's proposed Texas refinery, noting that the state is "one of the states in play" in the upcoming midterm elections in the US. "Some forward movement on the investment would be welcome," she said. Can Trump’s diesel deal bring down US fuel prices? Trump eroding trust in Delhi?
两国政府继续将其关系描述为涵盖国防、贸易、技术和能源的全面全球战略伙伴关系。
The two governments continue to describe their ties as a comprehensive global strategic partnership spanning defence, trade, technology and energy.
分析师莫汉认为，将美印关系描述为独具交易性质是具有误导性的。
Analyst Mohan argued that describing the US-India relationship as uniquely transactional was misleading.
“每个国家最终都是出于国家自身利益行事，而不是出于纯粹的利他主义或共同价值观，”他说。在他看来，当前的摩擦是两个主权国家之间正常谈判的一部分，而不是伙伴关系正在失败的证据。
"Every nation ultimately acts out of national self-interest, rather than pure altruism or shared values," he said. The current friction, in his view, is part of a normal negotiation between two sovereign powers, not proof that the partnership was failing.
除了俄罗斯石油之外，另一个可能导致复杂情况的领域是特朗普政府暂停了一项允许美国公司赞助熟练外国工人的计划。
Besides Russian oil, another potential area of complication is the Trump administration suspending a scheme allowing US companies to sponsor skilled foreign workers.
10月8日，特朗普政府在对所谓的签证欺诈和美国工人被取代进行调查期间，暂停了多家科技公司在美国永久劳工认证（PERM）计划下的新申请和待处理申请。
On October 8, the Trump administration suspended new and pending applications under the US Permanent Labor Certification (PERM) program at several technology companies amid investigations into alleged visa fraud and the displacement of US workers.
该流程是雇主为外籍员工（包括印度专业人士）申请永久居留权的关键一步。
The process is a key step for employers seeking permanent residency for foreign staff, including Indian professionals.
总部位于新德里的观察家研究基金会（ORF）研究与外交政策副总裁哈什·潘特表示，尽管有定期的高层互动，但特朗普本人的言行已经损害了关系。
Harsh Pant, vice president for studies and foreign policy at the Delhi-based Observer Research Foundation (ORF), said Trump's own words and actions had damaged ties despite regular high-level engagement.
“尽管他称总理莫迪是好朋友，但他通过针对印度以及他的支持者一直在针对印度人，从而损害了关系，”潘特对德国之声（DW）表示。
"Even as he calls Prime Minister Modi a good friend, he has damaged the relationship by targeting India and his supporters have been targeting Indians," Pant told DW.
潘特表示，华盛顿的不一致表态正在削弱信任，并且可能产生超越特朗普任期的后果。
Pant said inconsistent messaging from Washington was eroding trust and could have consequences well beyond Trump's presidency.
“美国不可靠、美国不可信赖的感觉正开始重新进入政策话语，”他说。
"The sense that America is unreliable, that America can't be trusted, is beginning to come back into policy discourse," he said.
他警告称，这种损害可能超越政府间关系，波及印度学生、专业人士和中产阶级——正是他们的善意帮助关系在过去的分歧中得以维系。
The damage, he warned, could reach beyond government-to-government relations to Indian students, professionals and the middle class, whose goodwill has helped sustain ties through earlier disagreements.
“如果公众情绪转向反对某个国家，那么政策制定者就很难制定出替代性政策，”潘特说道，并补充称美国针对印度学生和专业人士的举措“必将产生后果”。印度：从关税壁垒之国迈向自由贸易强国编辑：韦斯利·拉恩
"If public sentiment goes against a country, then it becomes very difficult for the policy-makers to craft an alternative policy,” Pant said, adding that US actions affecting Indian students and professionals "will have consequences." India: From tariff fortress to free-trade powerhouse Edited by: Wesley Rahn