时间：英国夏令时间下午6:36欧洲最大的几家电信公司正在联合开展一项新的卫星移动通信项目，旨在挑战埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）的Starlink服务的垄断地位。
Media and Telecoms Editor. James Titcomb Technology Editor 6:36pm BST Europe’s biggest telecoms companies are teaming up for a new satellite mobile venture to challenge the dominance of Elon Musk’s Starlink.
德意志电信（Deutsche Telekom）、Orange、Telefonica和Vodafone正在探讨成立一家合资企业，以共同获取所需的移动通信频谱——这些频谱用于通过轨道卫星向欧洲地面传输手机信号。
Deutsche Telekom, Orange, Telefonica and Vodafone are exploring a potential joint venture for the mobile spectrum required to beam mobile phone signals down to Europe from orbiting satellites.
这一举措的背景是：在欧洲，人们对依赖Starlink服务的担忧日益加剧。上周，SpaceX公司在乌克兰实施了速度限制措施，这严重削弱了该国利用无人机进行防御的能力（即无人机在抵御俄罗斯攻击方面的作用受到了限制）。
The initiative came amid growing wariness in Europe about relying on Starlink after operator SpaceX last week imposed speed restrictions in Ukraine The curbs dealt a major setback to the country’s ability to use drones to defend itself from Russian attacks.
通过这次合作，这些电信公司将拥有更强的竞争力，以对抗Starlink。Starlink已经通过其数千颗卫星开始提供“直接到设备”的通信服务。
The European tie-up would give the companies the combined power to compete against Starlink, which has already begun offering “direct-to-device” services from its constellation of thousands of satellites.
相关企业负责人表示，该合资企业将有助于提升欧洲关键通信网络的安全性和韧性，并确保欧洲能够对重要的太空基础设施实施有效的管理（即确保欧洲对关键太空资产拥有自主控制权）。
Bosses said the joint venture would help to boost the Continent’s security and resilience in critical communications networks, adding that it would “ensure responsible European governance of key space infrastructure”.
长期以来，美国公司在卫星移动通信技术的发展中处于领先地位，这引发了人们的担忧：少数美国亿万富翁可能会控制欧洲的关键基础设施。
US companies have been leading the development of satellite mobile technology, triggering fears that a handful of US billionaires could end up with control of Europe’s critical infrastructure.
鉴于Starlink技术在乌克兰战争中的关键作用，马斯克对Starlink项目的管理方式（其决策风格反复无常）更是引发了人们的担忧。
Mr Musk’s erratic leadership of Starlink has fuelled particular concern, given the key role the technology has played during the war in Ukraine.
《每日电讯报》（The Telegraph）披露，马斯克曾向唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）提出实施速度限制的建议，这与他此前声称这些限制是由美国总统亲自决定的说法相矛盾。
The Telegraph revealed that Mr Musk approached Donald Trump with the idea of introducing speed limits, contrary to his previous claims that the US president imposed the clampdown.
乌克兰军方依赖星链卫星来抵御俄罗斯的攻击。 星互联网市场占据主导地位，尽管杰夫·贝索斯也在其卫星移动公司亚马逊·Leo上投入巨资。
在新的合资企业下，欧洲公司将开发所需的地面基础设施，但不会直接投资卫星星座本身。
Ukraine’s military relies on Starlink satellites to defend against Russian attacks Credit NurPhoto via Getty Images/Dmytro Smolienko Mr Musk’s Starlink dominates the satellite internet market, though Jeff Bezos has also invested heavily in his own satellite mobile company Amazon Leo Under the new joint venture, the European companies would develop the necessary ground infrastructure but would not invest directly in a satellite constellation itself.
卫星星座将由尚未确定的卫星合作伙伴提供。法国的Eutelsat是主要的欧洲卫星运营商。
This would be provided by a satellite partner, which has yet to be selected. France’s Eutelsat is the major European satellite operator.
根据合资提案，欧洲公司将向其他移动网络租赁卫星覆盖服务，使其能够向能够直接在智能手机上接入互联网的用户出售该服务。
Under the joint proposal, the European companies will rent satellite coverage to other mobile networks, allowing them to sell it to customers who can receive internet directly to their smartphones.
欧盟正准备制定新的规则，规范在当前许可证明年到期后使用卫星移动频谱的准入。
The EU is preparing new rules governing access to satellite mobile spectrum for use when current licences expire next year.
根据现行提案，三分之一的频谱将保留用于关键政府通信，另一三分之一将供欧洲运营商进行商业使用。最后的三分之一将向国际公司开放。
Under current proposals, a third of the spectrum would be reserved for critical government communications, while another third would be for commercial use by European operators. The final third would be open to international companies.
英国在去年Ofcom授权运营商提供直达设备的卫星服务后，已率先行动。
The UK has already raced ahead after Ofcom last year authorised operators to provide direct-to-device satellite services.
由Telefónica和Liberty Global共同持有的Virgin Media O2已开启其卫星移动服务，用户每月额外支付3英镑即可使用。
Virgin Media O2, which is jointly owned by Telefónica and Liberty Global, has already switched on its satellite mobile service, which is available to customers for an extra £3 a month.
沃达丰计划通过其与美国德克萨斯州的AST SpaceMobile的合资企业提供卫星服务，而英国电信则在探索与星链合作，为其移动网络EE提供类似的合作。亚马逊·Leo正准备在明年之前在英国推出其自有服务。
Vodafone plans to offer satellite services through its joint venture with Texas-based AST SpaceMobile, while BT is exploring a similar tie-up with Starlink for its mobile network EE. Amazon Leo is preparing to launch its own service in the UK by next year.
卫星技术被视为解决英国移动覆盖不均的方案，因为它能够让运营商向传统基础设施难以或成本过高覆盖的偏远地区提供服务。
Satellite technology has been touted as a solution to Britain’s patchy mobile coverage as it allows operators to provide services to remote areas too difficult or costly to reach with conventional infrastructure.
Starlink 也已被列入解决列车信号差的方案，而政府官员正在探索其在英国警方、救护车和消防服务使用的紧急通信网络中的潜在用途。然而，政府顾问对依赖美国提供关键服务表示担忧。
Starlink has also been lined up to tackle poor signal on trains, while government officials are exploring its potential use in the emergency communications network used by Britain’s police, ambulance and fire services. However, government advisers have raised concerns about relying on the US for critical services.
科学与技术委员会周一表示，英国应开发替代 OpenAI、Anthropic 和 Google 等公司系统的方案，以确保技术“主权”。
The Council for Science and Technology on Monday said Britain should develop alternatives to systems from companies such as OpenAI, Anthropic and Google to ensure technological “sovereignty”.
委员会建议这可能包括开发英国的人工智能系统，该方案由艾伦图灵研究所提出。
It said this could include developing a British AI system, which has been proposed by the Alan Turing Institute.
委员会由 Dame Angela McLean 主席，她是政府首席科学顾问，表示：“英国必须在建设能够增强独立性、韧性和未来选择的选定能力的同时，保持对全球领先人工智能能力的获取。”
The council, which is chaired by Dame Angela McLean, the Government’s chief scientific adviser, said: “The UK must maintain access to leading global AI capabilities while building selected capabilities that strengthen independence, resilience and future choice.”