澳大利亚的养老金体系如今正式被列为全球最佳之一。但该国大多数劳动者对此并不那么确信。
Australia’s pension system is now officially ranked among the world’s best. Most of the country’s workers aren’t nearly as convinced.
该国在周二发布的年度马什CFA研究所全球养老金指数中首次获得A级，与冰岛、以色列、丹麦、新加坡和荷兰并列 — — 荷兰已连续第三年位居榜首。
The country earned its first A grade in the annual Marsh CFA Institute Global Pension Index released Tuesday, joining Iceland, Israel, Denmark, Singapore and the Netherlands — which topped the rankings for a third straight year.
澳大利亚的提升反映了多方面因素，包括其强制性退休储蓄制度 — — 根据该制度，雇主需额外缴纳工人工资的12% — — 以及由收入审查制政府养老金提供的安全网。美国总统特朗普最近表示，他正在研究澳大利亚的超级年金制度，作为美国养老金体系改革的潜在模板 — — 该体系在指数中获得C+等级。
Australia’s elevation reflects factors including its compulsory retirement savings system — under which employers contribute an additional 12% of workers’ salaries — and the safety net provided by the means-tested government pension. President Donald Trump recently said he was studying Australian superannuation as a potential model for reform in the US system — which was graded C+.
然而，澳大利亚的老年人对退休生活深感焦虑。根据今年早些时候的一项调查，仅三分之一的50至66岁人群对自己能够在退休后经济上生活宽裕持信心，原因是高昂的生活成本正在侵蚀他们的积蓄。
Yet aging Australians are deeply anxious about retirement. Only a third of those aged 50 to 66 are confident of being financially comfortable, according to a survey earlier this year, as the high cost of living eats into their nest eggs.
预计未来十年将有约250万澳大利亚人退休，监管机构正在推动行业在财务顾问长期短缺、收入相关产品有限的情况下，为退休人员提供更多选择。
With some 2.5 million Australians expected to retire over the next decade, regulators are pressing the industry to offer more options for retirees amid a chronic shortage of financial advisers and limited income-related products.
在马什指数中，阿联酋、阿曼、巴拿马和中国是去年排名中唯一提升的其他国家。日本获得C级，而加拿大和英国均获B级。菲律宾、土耳其、印度和阿根廷排名垫底，各获D级。
In Marsh’s index, the UAE, Oman, Panama and China were the only other countries to improve their rankings from the previous year. Japan received a C, while Canada and the UK were both awarded B grades. The Philippines, Turkey, India and Argentina ranked lowest, each receiving a D.
该指数评比了全球55个养老金方案，覆盖约三分之二的全球人口。但报告警告称，即便是排名最高的体系，也正因生育率下降和预期寿命延长而面临日益增长的压力。
The gauge compares 55 pension schemes around the world, covering about two thirds of the global population. But even the highest-ranked systems are coming under growing strain from falling fertility rates and longer life expectancies, the report warned.
“退休设计必须变得更加灵活——无论是人们何时获取收入，还是产品如何构建，以及我们如何看待工作与退休之间的界限，”报告的主要作者、Marsh 投资与退休业务合伙人蒂姆·詹金斯说。“这种灵活性已不再是可选项。”
“Retirement design must become more flexible – in when people access income, in how products are structured, and in how we think about the line between work and retirement,” said Tim Jenkins, lead author of the report and partner at Marsh Investments and Retirement. “That flexibility is no longer optional.”