当以色列极右翼国家安全部长伊塔马尔·本格维尔（Itamar Ben-Gvir）达到投票年龄时，他因政治极端而被以色列军队拒之门外。
When Israel's far-right National Security Minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, reached voting age, he was rejected from Israel's army for being too politically extreme.
在此后的30年里，他的观点没有多大改变——但以色列变了。他曾被政治建制派排斥，如今却成为了政府核心部长圈子的一员。
His views have not changed much in the 30 years since then - but Israel has. Once shunned by the political establishment, he is now part of the government's inner sanctum of ministers.
在以色列下周大选前的竞选活动中，本格维尔的周围经常簇拥着一群兴高采烈、面孔稚嫩的年轻粉丝，他们在本格维尔众多的安保人员头顶挥舞着巨大的政党旗帜。
On the campaign trail ahead of Israel's general elections next week, Ben Gvir is often surrounded by a jubilant pack of fresh-faced young fans, waving huge party flags over the heads of his numerous security guards.
在犹太人和阿拉伯裔以色列人混居的城市拉姆勒的有顶集市里，他告诉我们，他对年轻选民的信息是走出去投票。
At the covered market in Ramle - a mixed city of Jewish and Arab Israelis - he told us his message to young voters was to get out and vote.
“我们看到了支持，我们看到了热爱，[并且]我们想要赢！”他说。
"We see the support, we see the love [and] we want to win!" he said.
将有超过50万名首次投票的选民在这场选举中投下选票，许多以色列人认为这对以色列未来的安全和身份认同具有生死攸关的意义。
More than half a million first-time voters will cast their ballots in this election, which many Israelis see as existential for Israel's future security and identity.
民调显示这将是一场势均力敌的竞选，这些年轻的新选民可能会决定选举结果。
Polls suggest it will be a tight race, and the new young voters could help decide the result.
根据以色列最受欢迎的报纸之一《新消息报》（Yedioth Ahronoth）的一份民调显示，超过16%的人计划支持极右翼政党——或者是本格维尔的“犹太力量党”，或者是他的极右翼盟友比撒列·斯莫特里赫（Bezalel Smotrich）的“宗教锡安主义党”。
More than 16% are planning to support far-right parties - either Ben Gvir's Jewish Power or the Religious Zionism party of his far-right ally Bezalel Smotrich - according to a poll for one of Israel's most popular newspapers, Yedioth Ahronoth.
而根据以色列主流电视台第12频道（Channel 12）的另一项调查，近四分之三的人认为自己是“右翼或中右翼”。
And almost three-quarters see themselves as "right or centre-right", according to another survey for Israel's leading Channel 12 television network.
“伊塔马尔·本格维尔给了我一种安全感，”20岁的莫德凯（Mordechai）说，他是陪同这位政治人物前往拉姆勒的年轻粉丝之一。
"Itamar Ben Gvir gives me a sense of security," said 20-year-old Mordechai, one of the young fans accompanying the politician to Ramle.
“就像历史上的每个人一样，从特朗普到摩西，总会有一些稍微不太好的口误。那又怎样？伊塔马尔90%的事情都棒极了。”18岁的纳达夫（Nadav）说：“伊塔马尔会给我们安全感，当我们去参军时，会有人支持我们、做我们的后盾。”
"Like everyone in history, from Trump to Moses, there are slips of the tongue that are a bit less good. So what? 90% of the things by Itamar are amazing." "Itamar will give us safety, and when we go to the army, someone will have our backs and be behind us," said 18-year-old Nadav.
“我认为他正试图表明我们是一个强大的国家。多年来，我们无法展现出我们在信仰上的强大。我们无法表达我们的意识形态。”23岁的极端正统派青年梅尔·施赖伯（Meir Schreiber）在伦敦长大，他表示，哈马斯于2023年10月7日对以色列发动并引发加沙战争的袭击，也让他确信本-格维尔是正确的选择。
"I think he's trying to show that we're a strong country. For many years, we couldn't show we're strong in our beliefs. We couldn't express our ideology." Meir Schreiber, an ultra-Orthodox 23-year-old who grew up in London, said the Hamas-led 7 October 2023 attacks on Israel, which triggered the Gaza war, also convinced him that Ben Gvir was the right choice.
他对我说：“年轻人明白，和平不是我们能够做到的，因为在你年轻时发生的经历会塑造你的性格——我们看到了10月7日。”在一个分裂的国家里，本-格维尔是一个备受争议的候选人：他的政治立场包括吞并被占领的约旦河西岸、在加沙建立犹太人定居点以及巴勒斯坦人的“自愿移居”——这些立场和言论受到了以色列自由派人士的广泛谴责。
"Young people understand that peace isn't something we can do," he told me, "because what happens to you when you're young shapes your personality - we saw October 7." Ben Gvir is a divisive candidate in a divided nation: his political positions include annexation of the occupied West Bank, Jewish settlement of Gaza, and the "voluntary emigration" of Palestinians - positions and rhetoric that are widely condemned by liberal Israelis.
几个西方国家已对本-格维尔和斯莫特里赫实施了制裁或旅行禁令，指控他们煽动针对巴勒斯坦人的仇恨。这两人都是总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡执政联盟中的实权部长。
Several Western countries have imposed sanctions or travel bans on Ben Gvir and Smotrich for incitement against Palestinians. Both men are powerful ministers in Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's governing coalition.
正当他和随行人员在摊位之间挤着前行时，一些店主向他们抛洒糖果，另一些则投来阴沉的目光。
As he and his entourage pushed their way between the stalls, some shopkeepers threw sweets; others, dark looks.
一名摊贩说：“我不喜欢他，他挑起不和。拉姆勒是一座混合城市——有犹太人和阿拉伯人。这里没有问题，即使在10月7日之后也是如此，但他的信息在利用年轻、缺乏教育的人。”他似乎在18至22岁的年轻人中比在其父母那一代人中更受欢迎，这一现象通常至少部分被归因于10月7日袭击的影响。
"I don't like him, he sows discord," one stallholder said. "Ramle is a mixed city - Jews and Arabs. There's no problem here, even after 7 October, but his message preys on young uneducated people." The fact that he appears more popular with 18 to 22-year-olds than with their parents' generation is often put down, at least partly, to the impact of the 7 October attacks.
但曾负责过多场以色列政治竞选的政治分析人士达利娅·舍因德林（Dahlia Scheindlin）表示，情况远不止于此。
But political analyst Dahlia Scheindlin, who previously ran many Israeli political campaigns, said it was more than that.
她对我说：“大约在过去的20年里，我们看到年轻的以色列犹太人比平均水平更加右倾，在许多指标上，他们的右倾程度明显超过55岁以上的群体。”
"For about the last 20 years, we've seen young Israeli Jews are more right wing than average, and significantly more right-wing on many measures than the 55+ group," she told me.
“他们在多次战争中长大，个人没有经历过为实现和平所做出的努力。但在很大程度上，他们已经被灌输了一种观点，即把辩论中最极端的词汇视为讨论的正当内容：吞并、定居点扩张，以及在10月7日之后——吞并加沙。而现在他们正在进行第一次投票。”以色列讽刺作家利奥·什莱因（Lior Schleien）最近拍摄的一系列课堂辩论凸显了一些以色列年轻人的极端观点。
"They have grown up under a series of wars with no personal experience of efforts to achieve peace. But for the most part, they have been socialised into the most extreme terms of the debate [as] legitimate to discuss: annexation, settlement expansion and - after 7 October - annexation of Gaza. And now they're voting for the first time." A series of classroom debates filmed by Israeli satirist Lior Schleien recently highlighted the extreme views of some young Israelis.
这些辩论引起了以色列的广泛关注，他在辩论中挑战种族主义或极端观点，其中包括一段对话：一名学生主张杀死以色列所有的阿拉伯公民。该视频随后已从什莱因的网站上删除。
The debates, in which he challenges racist or extreme views, drew a lot of attention in Israel, and included one exchange in which a student advocates killing all Arab citizens of Israel. That particular video has since been removed from Schleien's website.
民意调查显示，这里的首次投票者投票积极性很高，超过80%的人表示他们可能会这样做。但同样的研究表明，他们对民主制度也更加怀疑，对政治抗议或请愿的参与度较低。
Surveys suggest that first-time voters here are highly motivated to cast their ballots, with more than 80% saying they are likely to do so. But the same research suggests they are also more sceptical about democratic institutions and less engaged by political protests or petitions.
在很大程度上陷入僵局的竞争中——由亲政府和反政府两个稳定阵营组成，动员新选民前往投票站可能会起到至关重要的作用。
In a race that is largely deadlocked between two stable blocs of pro-government and anti-government supporters, getting new voters to the polling stations could make all the difference.
反对党通过关于民主受到威胁的警告、新的社交媒体视频以及更年轻的候选人来吸引年轻选民。
Opposition parties have been engaging younger voters with warnings about threats to democracy, new social media videos and younger candidates.
“在2022年（上届选举中），生活在特拉维夫的公民只有59%进行了投票——这是整个中东最自由的城市！而在那些投票给本-格维尔的地方，他们的投票率约为90%，”24岁的候选人约纳坦·沙莱夫（Yonatan Shalev）说，他代表由前总理纳夫塔利·贝内特领导的中右翼反对党“在一起”（Beyachad）。他告诉我，本-格维尔比其他政客更快地理解了社交媒体的力量。
"In 2022 [in the last election], only 59% of the citizens living in Tel Aviv voted - in the most liberal city in the whole Middle East! In places where they voted for Ben Gvir, they voted at around 90%," said Yonatan Shalev, a 24-year-old candidate with the centre-right opposition party, Beyachad ("Together"), led by former prime minister Naftali Bennett. He told me that Ben Gvir had understood the power of social media faster than other politicians.
“自由派政客不相信TikTok，不相信Instagram，而他利用了那个竞技场。”沙莱夫（Shalev）表示，他曾推动自己所在的政党通过社交媒体接触年轻选民。
"The liberal politicians didn't believe in TikTok, didn't believe in Instagram, and he took advantage of that arena." Shalev said he had pushed his own party to reach young voters through social media.
他解释道：“三个月前，本-格维尔（Ben Gvir）仍然是TikTok上浏览量最多、TikTok点赞量最多以及Instagram上也最多的政客。现在，纳夫塔利·贝内特（Naftali Bennett）[在那方面]领先。”他老板的Instagram主页现在播放着这位前总理伴随着说唱音乐举重，或者在街头与沙莱夫聊天的视频。连内塔尼亚胡也加入了进来，发布了一段配有重低音、节奏明快的军事风格社交媒体视频。
"Three months ago, Ben Gvir was still the politician with the most amount of views on TikToks, the most amount of likes on TikTok, and Instagram as well," he explained. "Right now, Naftali Bennett is leading [that]." His boss's Instagram page now features videos of the former prime minister lifting weights to rap music, or chatting with Shalev in the street. Even Netanyahu has joined in with a fast-paced militaristic social media video set to heavy beats.
“在以色列，年轻人不看新闻，[他们]不读报纸。年轻一代所有的信息都来自TikTok和Instagram。”
"Younger people don't watch the news in Israel, [they] don't read the newspapers. The younger generation is getting all its details from TikTok and Instagram".
21岁的亚莉·雷斯克（Yahlee Reske）和米卡·马加尔（Mika Magal）看到沙莱夫从旁走过，便从附近的一家酒吧冲了出来。米卡对我说：“我爱他。”
Yahlee Reske and Mika Magal, both 21 years old, rushed out of a nearby bar when they saw Shalev walk past. "I love him," Mika told me. "Yes," agreed Yahlee. "He's our age, he's so young and knows so much.
“是的，”亚莉附和道，“他跟我们同龄，他那么年轻，而且懂得那么多。很难再去听那些年纪大的人一遍又一遍地说着同样的话。”亚莉表示，10月7日袭击发生时，她正在服国家兵役。
It's hard to listen to people who are old and saying the same things over and over again." Yahlee said she was doing national military service when the 7 October attacks unfolded. "I don't think I ever looked at politics until then," she said.
她说：“我想我直到那时才关注政治。但也许如果10月7日时的政府有所不同，情况会更好。”另一项民调显示，16%的首次投票选民将支持极右翼政党，同时也表明，仅“团结党”（Beyachad）就能获得他们近9%的选票，加迪·艾森科特（Gadi Eisenkot）的中右翼“正道党”（Yashar）也将获得同样比例的选票。
"But maybe if the government had been different on 7 October, things would have been better." The same poll suggesting 16% of first-time voters would back a far-right party also suggested that Beyachad alone would take almost 9% of their votes, as would the centre-right Yashar party of Gadi Eisenkot.
上周末在特拉维夫的一场学生活动中，本-格维尔遭到高喊“法西斯不会得逞”的抗议者的打断，并被迫离开讲台。
At a student event in Tel Aviv last weekend, Ben Gvir was interrupted by protesters shouting, "Fascism will not pass", and forced off the stage.
以色列的年轻选民可能正在向右转，但对于谁才是以色列安全与身份的守护者、谁又是生死存亡的威胁，他们依然像这个国家一样分歧严重。
Israel's young voters may be moving to the right, but they are still as divided as their country, over who they believe is the guardian of Israel's security and identity, and who is an existential threat.