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特朗普的高尔夫球场计划演变为法院权力之争Trump plan for golf course becomes battle over court’s power

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关键信息:特朗普改造高尔夫球场的计划演变成了关于政府权力与法院监督权的激烈争论。

The Memo: Trump plan for golf course becomes battle over court’s power A battle over a Washington golf course has turned into a fiery showdown over the powers of the Trump administration to do as it wishes and the power of the courts to constrain it. At issue is the East Potomac Golf Links, an unglamorous but busy municipal course roughly 2 miles from the White House.

争议的焦点是位于东波托马克河畔的高尔夫球场(East Potomac Golf Links)——这是一座外观普通但使用率极高的公共球场,距离白宫仅约2英里。特朗普希望将这座球场改造成一座更现代化、适合举办顶级赛事的专业高尔夫球场。为此,他计划砍伐数百棵树木;这一行为已经引发法官的强烈不满。

Trump wants to redevelop the course into a sleeker, professional course capable of hosting top-level tournaments. But doing that, in his mind, requires the cutting down of hundreds of trees — which has already taken place, much to a judge’s fury.

特朗普在周日的社交媒体上发布的计划还涉及拆除环绕该高尔夫球场的小半岛上的道路——这条道路深受骑自行车者和跑步者的喜爱,附近的野餐区在夏季尤其受到华盛顿居民的欢迎。早在特朗普发布最新帖子之前,环保组织和一些高尔夫球手就已经试图阻止他的计划。

Plans posted by Trump on social media on Sunday appear to also call for the destruction of a roadway around the small peninsula that the golf course dominates. The roadway is particularly popular with cyclists and runners. Adjacent picnic areas draw Washingtonians especially in the summer months. Even before Trump’s latest social media posts, conservation groups and individual golfers have sought to prevent Trump from moving ahead.

负责审理此案的美国地方法官安娜·C·雷耶斯(Ana C. Reyes)要求在案件审理期间暂停球场的相关建设活动。但特朗普政府显然认为无需遵守她的命令。

The judge in the case, U.S. District Judge Ana C. Reyes, has sought to pause major work on the course while the underlying case proceeds. Reyes plainly does not believe the administration had respected her orders. The administration seems, basically, of the opinion that it doesn’t have to.

一周前,白宫副幕僚长斯蒂芬·米勒(Stephen Miller)在社交媒体上写道:“联邦法官对这座球场的维护工作毫无管辖权。”周一清晨,在新一轮听证会召开前,特朗普在社交媒体上称这位法官为“疯子”,并质疑她是否真的精神失常。这场争斗凸显出:本案的实质已超越了单纯的高尔夫球场改造问题,而是关乎政府权力与司法监督权的核心冲突。

A week ago, White House deputy chief of staff Stephen Miller wrote on social media, “A federal judge has no jurisdiction whatsoever over the maintenance of this course.”Early Monday morning, right before a fresh hearing on the matter, Trump declared the judge “a crazed lunatic” in a social media post in which he also mused whether she “may be insane?”The mayhem just underscores the manner in which the case has become about something much more important than the fate of a golf course.

“在我们的国家处于战争状态、每个人都为经济和高物价担忧之时,总统根本不在乎,”弗吉尼亚州民主党众议员唐·拜尔(Don Beyer)周日在社交媒体上写道。“他专注于在白宫步行可达范围内建造一家高档高尔夫球场,以及他那间华丽的舞厅和为自己修建的纪念拱门。”

“At a time when our country is at war and everyone is worried about the economy and high prices, the President simply doesn’t care,” Rep. Don Beyer (D-Va.) wrote on social media on Sunday. “He’s focused on building an upscale golf course within walking distance of the White House. And on his fancy ballroom and his memorial arch to himself.”

此事在一周多前引起全国关注,当时超过500棵树被砍伐。在社交媒体上疯传的视频片段拍下了许多树木被砍倒的画面,激起了特朗普批评者的愤怒,他们认为这一举动体现了特朗普单方面改造华盛顿的一般惯性。

The case came to national attention more than a week ago, when more than 500 trees were chopped down. Video clips that went viral on social media captured many of the trees being felled, fueling the rage of Trump critics who saw the move as emblematic of his general penchant for unilaterally remaking Washington.

树木被毁也让法官勃然大怒,她实质上指责政府违背了她此前要求提前告知球场任何拟议重大变更的请求。

The destruction of the trees also infuriated the judge, who in essence accused the administration of defying her earlier requests to be kept informed in advance of any proposed major changes to the course.

她抱怨说,政府的行为使其“在此案中对我失去了全部可信度”。她还表示,自己对政府的行为“完全不以为然”。《纽约时报》上周对那次听证会的报道指出,法官“在几个时刻提高了声音,几乎达到喊叫的程度”。此后事态进一步恶化。

She complained that the government’s actions had caused it to lose “all of its credibility with me in this case.”She also declared herself “thoroughly unamused” by the government’s actions. A New York Times report of that hearing last week noted that the judge “raised her voice at several points to near shouting level.”Things have only devolved further from there.

周五,助理司法部长斯坦利·E·伍德沃德提交了一份文件,要求法官雷耶斯回避此案。文件中指出:雷耶斯“允许自己对特朗普政府的厌恶情绪影响听证会的进行方式”;她的行为“简直恶劣至极”。

A Friday filing from Associate Attorney General Stanley E. Woodward sought Reyes’s recusal, asserting among other things that she had “allowed her disdain for the Trump Administration to influence how hearings unfold” and that her “behavior in this case is nothing short of egregious.”

周日,法官驳回了伍德沃德的回避请求,并在裁决中大量引用了此前与此案相关的听证会记录。雷耶斯是由前总统拜登提名的地方法院法官;她认为政府试图“通过选择性引用证据来提出毫无根据的回避请求”,并强调:“从任何客观标准来看,政府都不符合回避的法定条件。”

On Sunday, the judge declined to recuse herself, in an indignant ruling that quoted liberally from previous hearings in the matter. Reyes, nominated to the District Court bench by former President Biden, suggested the administration was trying “to weaponize selective quotations to bring a baseless recusal motion” and added that “by any objective measure, the Government fails to meet the standard for recusal.”

前宾夕法尼亚州西部地区联邦检察官哈里·利特曼表示,这位法官此时“代表着法院的权威”。利特曼将雷耶斯的处境与詹姆斯·博阿斯伯格法官进行了类比——博阿斯伯格法官也曾因特朗普政府无视其关于暂停向萨尔瓦多遣返航班的命令而与政府发生争执。

Harry Litman, a former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania, told this column that the judge at this point was “representing the institutional power of the courts.”Litman drew a parallel with U.S District Court Judge James Boasberg, who has tangled with the Trump administration over perceived disregard of orders he made halting deportation flights to El Salvador.

周一,雷耶斯在新的听证会上提出质疑:其他政府律师是否愿意签署仅由伍德沃德签署的文件。

On Monday, Reyes created a stir at a new hearing by asking in open court whether other government lawyers were willing to sign on to a Sunday filing signed by Woodward alone.

文件指出,尽管特朗普在周日公开宣布了高尔夫球场的改造计划,但实际上该计划仍处于“初步阶段”;特朗普的声明中并未提及改造工作需要获得法院的批准。

The court filing contended that there was no “final” plan for the golf course despite Trump’s posting of the plans Sunday. In that post, the president stated that work would begin on the redesigned course on Nov. 15.

伍德沃德进一步辩称,无论如何,这些计划都不构成政府的官方“机构行为”,并声称:“正如重新设计史密森尼博物馆所有艺术展品的决定不构成机构行为一样,重新设计高尔夫球场、修剪树木、更换围栏、扩建球道或修剪草坪的决定也不构成机构行为。”

His post included no suggestion that this would be dependent, in his mind, on clearance from the court. Woodward further argued that the plans in any event did not amount to official “agency action” by the government, asserting: “Just as a decision to redesign all the art exhibits in a Smithsonian Museum would not be agency action, neither would a decision to redesign a golf course, or to trim trees, replace fences, expand the fairways, or mow the lawn.”

关于雷耶斯询问法院其他人是否愿意在文件上签名的举动,利特曼辩称:“她非常努力地在司法部正常的专业工作人员与 presumably 听命于唐纳德·特朗普的政治骨干之间拉开距离。”他补充说:“我认为越来越多的法院对该政府持怀疑、质疑或愿意作出不利裁决的态度。”周一的听证会没有立即产生裁决。

In relation to Reyes’s actions asking others in the court if they were willing to sign on to the filing, Litman argued, “She is very much trying to put space between the normal, professional staff of the DOJ and the political cadre that presumably takes orders from Donald Trump.”“I see it as an increasingly number of courts being suspicious or skeptical or willing to rule against” the administration, he added. Monday’s hearing did not produce an immediate ruling.

显然,特朗普并不打算停下。问题在于雷耶斯是否会无论如何都强行叫停。《备忘录》是尼尔·斯坦尼奇撰写的报道专栏。

Plainly, Trump is not for stopping. The question is whether Reyes will force a halt regardless. The Memo is a reported column by Niall Stanage.

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