字号·· | 护眼
路透社

英镑强势上扬,摆脱英国预算阴霾Surging sterling shakes off Britain's budget blues

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

英镑在下周英国预算案公布前强势上扬,市场情绪较去年的忐忑不安发生剧变,使其在原本紧张不安的全球市场中成为一道引人注目的亮丽风景线。

Sterling is roaring into next week's UK budget, marking a dramatic change in mood from last year's trepidation and emerging as an eye-catching performer in otherwise nervy global markets.

这期间的政治领导层更迭或许是与2025年最显著的不同之处。但一个对主权债务和科技板块泡沫更为焦虑的世界,如今可能将英国视为规避潜在最严重冲击的途径。

A change of political leadership in the interim may be the obvious difference from 2025. But a world more anxious about sovereign debt and tech-sector bubbles may now view Britain as a way to sidestep the worst of potential fallout.

2025年11月25日,在英国曼彻斯特拍摄的一张照片插图中,一枚英国一英镑硬币的边缘。路透社/菲尔·诺布尔/插图/资料图片The edge of a British one Pound coin in a photo illustration taken in Manchester, Britain, November 25, 2025. REUTERS/Phil Noble/Illustration/File Photo

相对利率前景的变化为英镑走强提供了最简单的解释,英镑兑欧元现已探至18个月高位,兑美元也升至逾四周来最佳水平。

Shifts in relative interest rate horizons provide the simplest explanation for sterling strength, which is now probing 18-month highs against the euro and its best levels against the dollar in over four weeks.

令人意外的强劲英国经济增长、就业和通胀数据,意味着市场在过去一个月里在一年期英格兰银行利率展望中又增加了一次25个基点的加息预期;同期,法国债务紧张局势和欧元区传染风险则使欧洲央行利率展望减少了25个基点。美联储利率展望在过去一个月基本保持不变。

Surprisingly brisk UK growth, employment and inflation mean another quarter-point rate hike has been added to the market's one-year Bank of England outlook over the past month, just as French debt tensions and the threat of euro zone contagion have lopped a quarter point off the European Central Bank view over the same period. The Federal Reserve's outlook is basically unchanged over the past month.

但这依然是一波有力的货币走势。在短短一个月里,英镑兑欧元上涨近2.6%,后者受法国政治焦虑和债务担忧拖累;英镑兑表现更为强劲的美元也上涨约1%。

But it's a punchy currency move nonetheless. Over the space of a month, sterling has risen almost 2.6% against a euro weighed down by French political angst and debt worries, but it also gained about 1% against a far more buoyant US dollar .

同期,10年期英国国债收益率对德国国债的溢价上升约25个基点至近2个百分点,但对法国10年期债务的溢价则减半至仅37个基点。英国股指(.FTSE)、(.FTMC)也上涨约1%。

While the premium on 10-year UK gilt yields over Germany has risen about 25 basis points in that time to nearly 2 percentage points, the gilt premium over French 10-year debt has halved to just 37 basis points. UK stock indexes (.FTSE), (.FTMC) are up about 1%, too.

形成对比的是,前财政大臣蕾切尔·里夫斯去年11月底公布最终预算案时,对税收和借贷计划的担忧曾让英镑、英国公债和富时股指基准连续数周承压。

Contrast that with former finance minister Rachel Reeves' final budget in late November last year, when fears over tax and borrowing plans had the pound, gilts and the FTSE equity benchmark all under pressure for weeks.

十二个月过去,许多事情已发生变化,其中最引人注目的莫过于7月工党首相从基尔·斯塔默变为安迪·伯纳姆,以及财政大臣从里夫斯变为约翰·希利。

Twelve months on, much has changed, not least the change of Labour prime minister in July, from Keir Starmer to Andy Burnham, and a change of finance minister from Reeves to John Healey.

至少,政府的这一政策变化已经改变了其在民意调查中的支持率——这一事实本身就与其他欧洲和美国领导人形成了鲜明对比。

At the very least, the change at the top has transformed the government's opinion poll ratings - and that fact alone provides a major contrast to other European and US leaders.

但今年最引人注目的变化是,伊朗战争对能源市场造成了冲击,进而扰乱了通货膨胀和利率政策,可能导致英国再次陷入与去年类似的困境。

But most dramatically this year, the Iran war has shocked energy markets and upended inflation and interest-rate policy, potentially putting Britain back in the same boat it was in last year.

然而,就在希利(Healey)准备下周公布另一份艰难的预算案时,他面临着截然不同的市场环境:由于采取了较为紧缩的财政政策,英国央行(BoE)在今年一直坚持维持现有的利率水平,尽管欧洲央行(ECB)和美国联邦储备系统(Fed)都上调了利率。英国经济表现依然强劲,是七国集团(G7)中增长最快的国家之一。显然,希利并不打算打破这种稳定的局面。

Yet as Healey prepares to unveil another difficult budget next week, struggling to keep spending within the government's own fiscal rules, he faces a very different market backdrop. Aided by a relatively tight fiscal stance, the BoE has so far held the line on interest rates this year despite hikes at the ECB and Fed. The economy has held up impressively and is one of the fastest-growing in the Group of Seven (G7) nations. It appears Healey is intent on not rocking that boat.

德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)的经济学家桑杰·拉贾(Sanjay Raja)将这份预算案称为“‘不惹麻烦’的预算案”——尽管希利的操作空间非常有限,但他仍尽量减少了税收和支出的调整幅度。

Deutsche Bank economist Sanjay Raja brands it the "Do no harm" budget, with limited tax and spending moves flagged in advance despite the narrow room Healey has to manoeuvre.

拉贾指出,尽管这份预算案显得较为低调,但它仍会对市场产生影响;因为在明年政府将面临更为严格的支出审查之前,保持市场稳定至关重要。

Raja says the "low-key" affair will still matter for markets, with stability critical before much tougher government spending reviews next year. "A dull Budget need not be an unimportant budget," he wrote.

高盛(Goldman Sachs)的英国高级经济学家詹姆斯·莫伯利(James Moberly)认为,由于今年利率和英国国债收益率的变化,英国的借贷规模预计将会增加,因此避免扰乱市场和经济显得尤为重要。

Goldman Sachs senior UK economist James Moberly flagged higher borrowing projections given shifts in interest rates and gilt yields over the year, making it more important to avoid disturbing markets or the economy.

周三发布的最新英国经济数据确实令人意外:上个月英国的通货膨胀率和借贷规模均超出预期,政府总债务首次突破3万亿英镑(约合4万亿美元)。这些数据进一步凸显了在英国这个主权债务状况日益严峻的世界中,英国经济的相对稳健性。

And on that score, the latest UK data sweep on Wednesday seemed jarring at first. British inflation and borrowing rose more than expected last month, with total government debt topping £3 trillion ($4 trillion) for the first time. The numbers also underlined why Britain looks relatively solid in a world of scarier sovereign debt metrics.

尽管借款额高于伊朗战争前的官方预测,但得益于更快的经济增长,上半财年的预算赤字比去年同期低出40亿英镑以上,债务与GDP之比也低于12个月前。

Despite higher borrowing than official forecasts made before the Iran war, the budget deficit for the first six months was more than £4 billion lower than last year, and the debt-to-GDP ratio is lower than 12 months ago, thanks to faster growth.

英国的债务负担略高于GDP的100%,偿债成本沉重,但仍低于法国和美国。虽然德国的债务负担可能依然更低,但近期国防开支激增后,正在迅速接近英国水平。

At just over 100% of GDP, Britain's debt load and servicing costs are burdensome, but they are lower than those of France and the US. And while Germany's debt burden may still be lower, it's fast converging on British levels after a recent defence spending splurge.

正如ING的詹姆斯·史密斯所指出的,英国目前是极少数真正成功控制政府财政的主要经济体之一,这有助于让英格兰银行(BoE)按兵不动。如果经济增长正在改善,那么这一点就会开始产生共鸣。

As ING's James Smith points out, Britain is one of the few major economies that's actually managing to rein in government finances at the moment, helping stay the BoE's hand. If growth is improving, then that starts to resonate.

他说:“英国的公共财政名声不好,但目前其状况实际上比许多其他发达经济体要好。英国是目前唯一正在进行财政整固的G7经济体。”未来一年,一长串充满风险的选举挤满了日程表:美国中期选举、西班牙下个月的提前大选以及明年4月的法国大选。相比之下,英国更受欢迎的政府和巨大的多数派优势,似乎提供了一个更为平静的避风港。

"Britain gets a bad rap on its public finances, but they're in better shape than many other developed economies right now," he said. "The UK is the only G7 economy currently doing fiscal consolidation." A long list of risky elections crowds the calendar over the coming year: US midterm elections, a snap election in Spain next month and French elections next April. Britain's more popular government and hefty majority may seem a calmer berth against all that.

唯一的隐忧是,伯纳姆认为经济形势和民调足够好,足以让他通过明年宣布提前大选,为自己在唐宁街10号的角色寻求民众授权。

The only fly in that ointment is that Burnham sees the economic picture and polls as good enough to allow him to seek a popular mandate for his role in Number 10 Downing Street by calling a snap election next year.

ING的史密斯认为,无论工党胜败,此举都可能再次扰动市场,因为它引入了政策不确定性。

ING's Smith thinks that could upset markets again by introducing policy uncertainty, whether Labour wins or loses.

不过,这一决定很可能要等到2027年,而希利平淡无奇的预算案在此期间或许正是良药。英国届时或许真的会显得相对不错。

That decision is likely to wait until 2027, however, and Healey's boring budget may just be what the doctor ordered in the meantime. Britain might actually look relatively good for a change.

阅读媒体原文 ↗