
专家表示,汽油价格通常下跌速度比上涨速度慢。文/马克斯·扎恩(Max Zahn) 随着选民将负担能力列为11月初中期选举前的首要关切,高昂的汽油价格继续给钱包带来压力。
Gas prices usually fall at a slower pace than they rise, experts say. By Max Zahn High gas prices continue to weigh on wallets as voters list affordability as a top concern ahead of early November's midterm elections.
美国汽车协会(AAA)数据显示,全国平均汽油价格为每加仑4.27美元,较2月伊朗战争爆发以来上涨了近1.30美元,涨幅达43%。
The national average price of a gallon of gas stands at $4.27, marking an increase of nearly $1.30, or 43%, since the outbreak of the Iran war in February, AAA data showed.
一些分析师对美国广播公司(ABC News)表示,燃油价格不太可能在11月3日选举日前大幅回落,预测汽油价格几乎肯定会维持在每加仑4美元以上。
Fuel prices are unlikely to ease significantly before Election Day on Nov. 3, some analysts told ABC News, predicting gas prices would all but certainly remain above $4 a gallon.
分析师将高企的汽油价格归因于中东持续的战斗,这损坏了石油基础设施,并迫使企业采取成本高昂的原油运输方式。他们还表示,俄乌战争也限制了俄罗斯的燃油出口,加剧了供应短缺。
Analysts attributed elevated gas prices to ongoing fighting in the Middle East, which has damaged oil infrastructure and forced firms to take up costly means of transporting crude. The Russia-Ukraine war has also crimped fuel exports from Russia, they said, compounding the supply shortage.
分析师称,两场冲突均无迹象显示即将解决。他们补充道,即使中东达成和平协议且石油成本下降,汽油价格也可能会以滞后的速度下跌,因为零售商需要销售在油价高位时购买的成品油。
There is little indication of an imminent resolution of either conflict, the analysts said. Even in the event of a peace deal in the Middle East and a drop in oil costs, for instance, gas prices would likely fall at a delayed pace as retailers sell through refined product purchased while oil prices were at higher levels, they added.
德克萨斯基督教大学能源金融学教授汤姆·森(Tom Seng)对美国广播公司表示:“距离选举还有几周,中东局势正在升级,而不是出现某种平静和能源价格下跌的迹象。”
"It's weeks before the election and we’ve got a ramp up of what’s happening in the Middle East, as opposed to some type of calming and a sign energy prices are coming down," Tom Seng, a professor of energy finance at Texas Christian University, told ABC News.
GasBuddy石油分析师帕特里克·德·汉(Patrick De Haan)排除了汽油价格在11月初跌破每加仑4美元门槛的可能性。“汽油价格不会在中期选举前跌破4美元/加仑,”德·汉在The Brent原油期货价格(全球石油交易基准)周四攀升至每桶112美元以上。直到本周前,油价上一次触及该基准还是在5月。最新读数较伊朗战争爆发初上涨近60%。
GasBuddy Petroleum Analyst Patrick De Haan ruled out the possibility of a fall below the $4 a gallon threshold by early November. "Gasoline will not fall below $4/gal prior to the midterms," De Haan said in a post on The Brent crude futures price, a benchmark for global oil trading, climbed above $112 a barrel on Thursday. Until this week, oil prices had last reached that benchmark in May. The latest reading amounts to a rise of nearly 60% since the start of the Iran war.
本周早些时候,在伊朗及其胡塞武装盟友声称袭击了中东能源基础设施后,油价上涨。
Oil prices climbed earlier this week after Iran and its Houthi allies claimed attacks on energy infrastructure in the Middle East.
伊斯兰革命卫队海军周四声称在霍尔木兹海峡袭击了四艘船只,指责这些船只航行在“非法航线”上并“将石油货物从一艘船转移到另一艘船”。伊斯兰革命卫队海军声称,这些船只在波斯湾中北部海域遭到袭击,该声明由半官方的法尔斯通讯社发布。
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy claimed on Thursday to have attacked four vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, accusing the ships of navigating an "illegal route" and "transferring oil cargoes from one ship to another." The ships were hit while in the north-central part of the Persian Gulf, the IRGC Navy claimed, in a statement published by the semi-official Fars News Agency.

伊斯兰革命卫队海军还报告称,周三晚间有三艘船只在霍尔木兹海峡触雷。
The IRGC Navy also reported that three vessels hit naval mines in the Strait of Hormuz on Wednesday night.
这些报道出现在也门胡塞武装声称对沙特阿拉伯发动一波袭击数日后,袭击目标包括沙伊巴油田以及位于红海关键运输走廊附近的延布港城市的沙特阿美石油设施。
The reports came days after Yemen-based Houthi militants claimed a wave of strikes on Saudia Arabia, including the Shaybah oil field as well as Saudi Aramco facilities in Yanbu, a port city near a key transport corridor on the Red Sea.
尽管战斗持续,但据追踪公司Kpler称,该地区原油出口在最近几周有所改善。即便如此,运输成本上升和炼油基础设施受损已扰乱了汽油所需成品油的供应,道琼斯能源首席石油分析师登顿·辛克格拉纳对美国广播公司新闻表示。
Despite continued fighting, crude oil exports from the region had improved in recent weeks, according to tracking firm Kpler. Even so, heightened transport costs and damaged refinery infrastructure have disrupted the supply of refined product necessary for auto gasoline, Denton Cinquegrana, chief oil analyst at Dow Jones Energy, told ABC News.
美国作为世界最大石油生产国,从中东进口少量燃料。然而,由于石油和天然气在全球市场交易,动荡已导致所有人的价格上涨,包括美国司机。
The U.S. -- the world's largest oil producer -- imports a small amount of fuel from the Middle East. Since oil and gas are sold on a global market, however, the unrest has sent prices rising for everyone, including U.S. drivers.
“我相信大家已经看到了关于原油出口量恢复到战前水平的各种报道;但事实是,精炼后的石油产品(如汽油、柴油等)的出口量并未恢复到战前水平,”Cinquegrana说道。“如果某个地区的油价上涨,其他地区的油价也很有可能随之上涨。”一些分析师认为,战争的结束最终会缓解油价上涨的压力,但短期内(几天或几周内)油价不会出现显著下降。他们指出,该地区的一些关键石油基础设施仍需要长时间进行修复;同时,零售商也可能不愿意降低油价。
"I’m sure you've seen everything about crude oil leaving the Strait of Hormuz at pre-war levels. The simple fact is that refined products are not," Cinquegrana said. "If prices are going up in one place, the chances are they will pull up prices in another place." A resolution of the war would eventually ease gas prices, but it is unlikely that significant relief at the pump would materialize within days or weeks, some analysts said. Some key oil infrastructure in the region would still require lengthy repairs, they said, while retailers may prove reluctant to slash prices.
休斯顿大学石油工程教授Ramanan Krishnamoorti在接受ABC News采访时说:“汽油价格的下降速度通常比上涨速度慢,因为零售商更愿意在销售高价购进的库存时维持较高的价格。”
Gas prices usually fall at a slower pace than they rise, since retailers prefer to keep prices elevated as they sell through inventory acquired at high cost, Ramanan Krishnamoorti, a professor of petroleum engineering at the University of Houston, told ABC News.
“汽油价格通常会缓慢下降,”Krishnamoorti解释道。
"It's usually a pretty slow downward trajectory for gas prices," Krishnamoorti said.
尽管未来几周油价可能会继续保持高位,但一些分析师仍对整体油价走势持乐观态度。他们认为,秋季的季节性因素(如出行需求的减少)可能会为司机们带来一定的价格优惠:随着家庭从暑假归来,日常通勤需求增加,对汽油的需求会下降;同时,炼油厂也开始生产价格更为低廉的冬季燃料。此外,在秋季和冬季,炼油厂受到的环境保护法规限制较少,这也有助于降低燃料生产成本。
Even if gas prices are likely to remain high within the coming weeks, some analysts acknowledged reason to be hopeful about the general outlook for costs at the pump. Seasonal fluctuations typically provide price relief for drivers in the fall. A slowdown in travel has eased demand for gas as families have returned from summer vacation and resumed routine driving associated with work and school commutes. Refineries, meanwhile, have begun shifting toward a less-expensive blend of winter fuel. Refineries contend with fewer regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency in the cooler fall and winter months, allowing for a cheaper blend of fuel.
“每年的这个时候,需求通常会下降——这就是季节性因素在起作用,”Cinquegrana解释道。
"Demand tends to go down at this time of year. That's seasonality at play," Cinquegrana said.
然而,由于供应短缺,未来几周内汽油价格很可能仍会维持在每加仑4美元以上。
For now, however, a supply shortage will likely keep gas prices above $4 a gallon over the next couple weeks.
当被问及美国汽油价格是否会在选举日之前降至4美元以下时,Cinquegrana回答说:“简短的答案是:不会。”
When asked about whether U.S. gas prices could fall below that benchmark by Election Day, Cinquegrana said, "Short answer: No.