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最高法院支持共和党和新罕布什尔州,反对用学生证投票Supreme Court backs GOP and New Hampshire against student IDs for voting

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2026年8月13日,位于华盛顿特区的美国最高法院大楼。The Supreme Court building is seen on Aug. 13, 2026, in Washington, D.C.

美国最高法院以近乎全票通过的结果,批准了新罕布什尔州的紧急请求,阻止在11月的中期选举中使用学生证进行投票。

A nearly unanimous Supreme Court has granted New Hampshire’s emergency request to block the use of student IDs for voting in the November midterm elections.

此案再次引发了最高法院关于法官在政治竞选前夕介入是否得当的争议,背景是共和党支持的投票限制措施,声称旨在确保选举诚信。周四,多数派法官表示,裁定反对该州的联邦地区法院法官未能证明其偏离了联邦法院不应在选举前夕更改选举规则这一一般原则的做法是合理的。大法官凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊持异议,她写道,她“不会干扰一项显然合理的联邦法院命令,该命令旨在确保公众获得关于州选举程序的准确信息。”

The case raised a recurring theme at the high court about the propriety of judges intervening on the eve of political contests, against the familiar backdrop of GOP-backed voting restrictions purporting to ensure election integrity On Thursday, the majority said that the district court judge who ruled against the state failed to justify deviating from the general principle that federal courts shouldn’t alter election rules on the eve of an election. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson dissented, writing she “would not disturb a clearly justifiable federal-court order issued to ensure that the public receives accurate information about a State’s electoral processes.”

这位拜登任命的大法官表示,她不像多数派那样确信该法官的行为属于这一被称为“珀塞尔原则”的一般不干预规则范围。她指出,该法官试图解决的是所谓的错误信息问题,而非更改州法律。

The Biden-appointed justice said she wasn’t as sure as the majority that the judge’s action falls under that general noninterference rule, known as the “Purcell principle.”She said the judge was trying to address alleged misinformation rather than change state law.

杰克逊在其单独的异议意见中写道:“当联邦法院认定有人正在对州的选举规则作出实质性虚假陈述时,禁止该行为的禁令不会导致公众困惑,而是解决了这一问题。”

“When a federal court determines that material misrepresentations are being made about a State’s election rules, an injunction to prohibit that conduct does not to public confusion, it that very problem,” Jackson wrote in her solo dissent.

虽然新罕布什尔州的联邦议员是民主党人,但共和党人掌控着州政府。州长凯利·阿约特今年签署了一项法案,禁止使用学生证进行投票。

While New Hampshire’s federal representatives are Democrats, Republicans run the state government. Gov. Kelly Ayotte signed a bill into law this year that prohibits the use of student IDs for voting.

总部位于新罕布什尔州的非营利组织“开放民主联盟”起诉该州,挑战该法律。该组织称,该法律以试图解决“并不存在的”非居民选民欺诈问题为借口,给年轻选民带来了不必要的负担。

A New Hampshire-based nonprofit called Coalition for Open Democracy sued the state over the law, which the group said needlessly burdens young voters under the guise of trying to solve the “non-existent problem” of nonresident voter fraud.

本月早些时候,美国联邦地区法官约瑟夫·拉普兰特拒绝阻止该法律——即 HB 323 法案——生效。但这位小布什任命的法官表示,新罕布什尔州州务卿、共和党人大卫·斯坎兰发布的相关指导意见走得太远。拉普兰特称,斯坎兰越权禁止选举官员将学生证件甚至作为“安全阀条款”下的证据予以考虑,该条款允许选民在没有合格照片的情况下证明身份。

ruling earlier this month, U.S. District Judge Joseph Laplante refused to block the law, called HB 323. But the George W. Bush appointee said related guidance from New Hampshire Secretary of State David Scanlan, a Republican, went too far. Laplante said Scanlan overstepped in barring election officials from considering student IDs even as evidence under a “safety-valve provision” that lets voters prove who they are if they don’t otherwise have a proper photograph.

拉普兰特写道:“州政府未对这一更广泛的禁令提供任何独立理由”,并解释称,即使对投票权造成的负担极小,也需要这种理由。他禁止执行斯坎兰指导意见中“禁止或劝阻选举官员将学生证件作为选民身份证据予以考虑”的部分,并命令州务卿发布修订后的指导意见,以适用于中期选举。

“The State has offered no independent justification for that broader prohibition,” wrote Laplante, explaining that such justification is needed even for minimal burdens on voting rights. He blocked enforcement of Scanlan’s directive to the extent it “prohibits or discourages election officials from considering student IDs as evidence of voter identity,” and he ordered the secretary of state to issue revised guidance for the midterms.

拉普兰特拒绝中止其裁决,上诉小组也拒绝中止,尽管一位特朗普任命的法官持异议。州政府官员随后向华盛顿的大法官们提出紧急申请,辩称拉普兰特的命令可能导致临近选举时出现混乱。共和党全国委员会提交了法庭之友简报,支持州政府。

Laplante declined to halt his ruling, as did an appellate panel over dissent from a Trump-appointed judge. State officials then turned to the justices in Washington, arguing that Laplante’s order risks late-breaking confusion. The Republican National Committee filed an amicus brief supporting the state.

反对州政府紧急申请的“开放民主”组织表示,批准该申请才是引发混乱的举动。该组织指出,斯坎兰已迅速遵守命令提供了修订指导意见,且其网站“自 10 月 2 日命令以来已告知选民,监督员可将学生证件与其他证据一并考虑。”

Opposing the state’s emergency application, Open Democracy said granting the application would be the chaos-inducing move. The group noted that Scanlan had already quickly complied with the order to provide revised guidance, and that his website “has told voters since the October 2 Order that supervisors may consider a student ID along with other evidence.”

“开放民主”组织指出,该指导意见现已成为现状。因此,该组织称,批准州政府的申请将“在一个月内第二次改变规则”。订阅“截止日期:法律”通讯,获取本周重大法律新闻的专家分析,包括最高法院最新动态和特朗普政府法律案件的进展。

That guidance is now the status quo, Open Democracy observed. Therefore, it said, granting the state’s application would “reverse the rules for a second time in a month.” to the Deadline: Legal newsletter for expert analysis on the top legal stories of the week, including updates from the Supreme Court and developments in the Trump administration’s legal cases.

最高法院支持共和党和新罕布什尔州,反对使用学生证投票 MS NOW

The post Supreme Court backs GOP and New Hampshire against student IDs for voting MS NOW

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