葡萄牙央行行长表示，住房短缺是该国主要的国内风险，呼吁增加建设和公共住房，以解决约30万套住房的建设缺口。
Portugal’s housing shortage is the country’s main domestic risk, according to its central bank governor, who called for more construction and public housing to address a construction deficit of about 300,000 homes.
“解决方案必须来自供给端。我们必须大幅增加建设量，”葡萄牙央行行长阿尔瓦罗·桑托斯·佩雷拉周四晚在里斯本举行的一次会议上表示。
“The solutions have to come from the supply side. We have to build considerably more,” Banco de Portugal Governor Álvaro Santos Pereira said at a conference in Lisbon late on Thursday.
西班牙央行行长何塞·路易斯·埃斯克里瓦在同一活动上表示，西班牙面临同样的问题，人口增长、移民和经济扩张推高了需求，而建设难以跟上步伐。
The same problem is seen in Spain, where population growth, migration and economic expansion have boosted demand while construction has struggled to keep pace, Bank of Spain Governor José Luis Escrivá said at the same event.
“关键在于，我们面临着非常强劲的需求与非常迟滞的供给之间的失衡，”埃斯克里瓦说，并补充道，旅游业也加剧了两国的住房压力。
“The key thing is that we are facing an imbalance between very strong demand and supply that has been very sluggish,” Escrivá said, adding that tourism has also contributed to housing pressures in both countries.
住房危机和生活成本上涨正在引发整个欧洲的抗议活动。在马德里和里斯本，示威者在公共场所露营，以凸显住房负担能力问题，许多居民面临租金涨幅快于收入增长的困境。
The housing crunch and rising living costs are fueling protests across Europe. In Madrid and Lisbon, demonstrators have camped in public places to highlight housing affordability, with rents rising faster than incomes for many residents.
尽管本地人和移民的需求激增，但两国建设的住房数量均少于全球金融危机前。例如，根据国家统计局数据，葡萄牙目前每年建设约2.7万套住房，而2002年为12.6万套。
Both countries are building fewer homes than before the global financial crisis, even as demand from both locals and immigrants soars. Portugal, for example, is currently building about 27,000 homes a year, compared with 126,000 in 2002, according to the National Statistics Institute.
“我们在吸引劳动力进入该国建筑业方面面临困难，”桑托斯·佩雷拉说。“我们都需要努力加快许可程序、减少官僚主义，以便尽快增加供给。”与此同时，根据欧盟委员会数据，社会住房占葡萄牙住房存量的约2%，占西班牙的1.5%至1.7%，远低于欧盟约7%的平均水平。
“We’re facing problems attracting labor” to the country’s construction sector, said Santos Pereira. “We all need to work to speed up licensing procedures and reduce bureaucracy so we can increase supply as quickly as possible.”Meanwhile, social housing accounts for about 2% of Portugal’s housing stock and between 1.5% and 1.7% of Spain’s, well below the European Union average of roughly 7%, according to the European Commission.
葡萄牙在第二季度录得欧盟成员国中房价年增速最快。根据欧盟统计局的数据，葡萄牙房价上涨16.5%，西班牙上涨12.1%，而整个欧盟的涨幅为4.7%。
Portugal recorded the bloc’s fastest annual increase in house prices in the second quarter. House prices rose 16.5% in Portugal and 12.1% in Spain, compared with a 4.7% increase across the EU, according to Eurostat.
埃斯克里瓦表示，西班牙的房地产市场不同于2010年危机前的房地产泡沫。他援引家庭、企业和房地产开发商相对较低的负债水平作为依据。
Escrivá said Spain’s housing market is different from the property bubble that preceded the 2010 crisis. He cited relatively low indebtedness among households, companies and real estate developers.
他说：“虽然价格大幅上涨，但目前的情况并未对金融稳定构成重大担忧。”
“While prices are rising sharply, the situation does not currently pose a major concern for financial stability,” he said.
两位官员均拒绝就欧盟不断上升的债务水平和通胀发表评论，理由是欧洲央行下一次货币政策会议前的静默期。
Both officials declined to comment on rising debt levels and inflation in the EU, citing the blackout period ahead of the European Central Bank’s next monetary policy meeting.