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加勒比地区在查尔斯三世国王访问前寻求赔偿并质疑君主制的作用Caribbean seeks reparations and questions role of monarchy before King Charles III visits

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2023年8月25日星期五,在圭亚那乔治敦的乔治敦大学,前种植园主约翰·格拉德斯通的后裔查尔斯·格拉德斯通代表格拉德斯通家族发表道歉演讲时,人们举着标语牌。(美联社照片/克里斯·梁,资料图)People hold signs during a speech by Charles Gladstone, a descendant of former plantation owner John Gladstone, as he delivers an apology on behalf of the Gladstone family at Georgetown University in Georgetown, Guyana, Friday, Aug. 25, 2023. (AP Photo/Chris Leung, File)

王室成员即将来访,加勒比地区渴望发声。岛民正在向英国寻求奴隶制赔偿、就其在奴隶贸易中的角色要求正式道歉,并争取从前殖民宗主国手中获得更大程度的独立。DÁNICA COTO, JOHN MYERS JR.波多黎各圣胡安 —— 王室成员即将来访,加勒比地区渴望发声。

The royals are coming, and the Caribbean wants to be heard. Islanders are seeking slavery reparations from Britain, a formal apology for its role in the slave trade and greater independence from the former colonial power. DÁNICA COTO, JOHN MYERS JR.

巴哈马国家赔偿委员会表示,随着查尔斯三世国王和卡米拉王后准备开启为期一周的行程,加勒比地区将面临什么局面,委员会早已心知肚明:“学校里的孩子被清空出来,在烈日下站立挥手,迎接那个从他们祖先手中夺走一切、如今却带着微笑重返的王冠。”查尔斯预计将于周二访问巴哈马,拉开为期九天的加勒比之行序幕。

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico — The royals are coming, and the Caribbean wants to be heard. The Bahamas National Reparations Committee said it already knows what awaits the Caribbean as King Charles III and Queen Camilla prepare for this week’s trip: “Schools emptied of children who will stand in the sun and wave for the Crown that has taken everything from their ancestors and comes back smiling.”

他上一次以王子身份正式访问该群岛是在1973年7月,当时他授予巴哈马独立,结束了长达300年的英国统治。但巴哈马仍是英联邦王国成员国,与其他六个加勒比国家一道,承认查尔斯为其国王兼国家元首。

Charles is expected to visit the Bahamas on Tuesday to begin the nine-day trip to the Caribbean. His last official visit to the archipelago was in July 1973 as a prince who granted the Bahamas independence, ending 300 years of British rule.

访问巴哈马期间,查尔斯计划前往克利福德公园,那里是半个多世纪前巴哈马黑、绿、黄三色旗帜首次升起的地方。

But the Bahamas remains a Commonwealth realm, along with six other Caribbean nations that recognize Charles as their king and head of state.

巴哈马国家赔偿委员会主席尼亚姆比·霍尔·坎贝尔-迪恩表示,此次访问将引发重要问题。

While in the Bahamas, Charles is scheduled to visit Clifford Park, where the archipelago’s black, turquoise and yellow flag was raised for the first time more than half a century ago.

“我们为什么还要有个国王?这个人到底代表着什么?他为什么要来,这对我们有什么好处?”她说。

His visit will raise important questions, said Niambi Hall Campbell-Dean, chair of the Bahamas National Reparations Committee.

坎贝尔-迪恩是巴哈马大学心理学教授,她表示最近在课上提到查尔斯即将来访,学生们并不兴奋。她回应道:“我知道你们可能不在乎这个要来的男人,但这就是这件事重要的原因。”加勒比地区各国领导人长期以来一直在推动英国道歉并作出赔偿。

“Why do we still have a king? What does this person really represent to us? Why is he coming and how will that benefit us?” she said. A psychology professor at the University of the Bahamas, Campbell-Dean said she recently mentioned Charles’ upcoming visit to her students, and they were not excited. She responded: “I know y’all might not care about this man who is coming, but here’s why this is of importance.”

9月初,牙买加将其赔偿诉求提交给查尔斯,此后该案件已被移交至英国针对该加勒比海岛国的最高上诉法院。这是一次前所未有的法律举措,尽管英国政府一贯拒绝道歉或赔偿的要求。

Leaders across the Caribbean have long been pushing for an apology and reparations from Britain. In early September, Jamaica took its case for reparations to Charles, and the case has since been referred to the United Kingdom’s highest court of appeal for the Caribbean island.

在一次奴隶起义发生200多年后访问圭亚那 在巴哈马停留三天后,查尔斯计划飞往南美国家圭亚那。该前英国殖民地是殖民时期该地区最大规模奴隶起义之一的发生地,1823年,数千名奴隶在前英国首相威廉·格莱斯顿父亲拥有的种植园发起了德梅拉拉起义。

It was an unprecedented legal maneuver, even though the British government has consistently rejected demands for either an apology or reparations. A visit to Guyana more than 200 years after a slave revolt After three days in the Bahamas, Charles is scheduled to fly to the South American country of Guyana The former British colony was the site of one of the biggest slave revolts in the region during the colonial era, with thousands of slaves uprising during the 1823 Demerara rebellion on the plantation owned by the father of former British Prime Minister William Gladstone.

结果导致200多名奴隶被杀;数人被斩首,首级被挂在杆上示众。

More than 200 slaves were killed as a result; several were decapitated and their heads placed on poles.

在最近接受ITV新闻采访时,圭亚那总统伊尔凡·阿里表示,查尔斯“正确地认识到奴隶制是人类历史上最黑暗的日子”。“迈向道歉是下一步,”他补充道,“你们剥削了该地区,毁灭了生命,造成了欠发达。”

In a recent interview with ITV News, Guyanese President Irfaan Ali said Charles has “rightfully recognized slavery as the darkest days in human history.”“Moving to the apology is the next step,” he added.

在圭亚那期间,查尔斯预计将会见阿里以及被称为“托绍”的美洲原住民村落民选领袖。中国落脚点村托绍尼基塔·米勒表示,她未获邀请。该村位于圭亚那北部,是一个农村美洲原住民社区。

“You exploited the region. You destroyed lives. You created underdevelopment.”While in Guyana, Charles is expected to meet with Ali and elected leaders of Amerindian villages known as “toshaos.”Nikita Miller, toshao of Chinese Landing, a rural Amerindian community in northern Guyana, said she was not invited.

她指出,其社区陷入了与寻求在该地区开采黄金的矿工长达数十年的土地斗争中,她本希望借此机会谈论一个也影响其他托绍的问题。

She noted that her community has been mired in a decades-long land fight with miners seeking to extract gold from the area, and she would have liked the opportunity to talk about an issue that affects other toshaos as well.

“我们一直在受苦,”她说,“我们希望政府尊重原住民权利。……我们在土地问题上存在长期积怨。”米勒表示,她相信国王的访问可能有助于改善圭亚那的整体局势,但对美洲原住民村落无益。

“We have been suffering,” she said. “We want the government to respect Indigenous rights. … We have long-standing issues with our land.”

在圭亚那停留两天后,查尔斯计划飞往安提瓜和巴布达,出席英联邦政府首脑会议,并与56个成员国领导人会晤。预计会谈将聚焦气候、贸易和发展,但一些加勒比领导人表示,奴隶制赔偿问题应成为对话的主导议题。

Miller said she believes the king’s visit might help improve things for Guyana overall, but not for Amerindian villages. After two days in Guyana, Charles is scheduled to fly to Antigua and Barbuda for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting and meet with leaders of 56 member states.

王室跳过牙买加,因其寻求更多独立 英国王室长期以来一直访问牙买加,但此次查尔斯的行程中并未包括该国。51岁的拉斯塔法里教徒史蒂文·贝内特表示,这倒也好。

Talks are expected to focus on climate, trade and development, but some Caribbean leaders have said slavery reparations should dominate conversations. The royals to skip Jamaica as it seeks more independence The British royals have long visited Jamaica but it’s not on Charles’ itinerary this time.

“当我们祖先的伤痛仍被无视时,我们不需要任何皇室成员挥手致意或拍照留念。他依然拒绝就财产奴隶制正式道歉,”贝内特说。“除非英国王室准备好踏上牙买加的土地,直视我们的眼睛,道歉,并谈论实际的修复与赔偿,否则他来这里毫无正当理由。我们要的是正义,不是游行。” 近年来,牙买加一直在推动废除查尔斯的国家元首地位,成为像巴巴多斯那样在2021年转型为共和国的国家。 25岁的大学生安东尼奥·威廉姆斯表示,年轻一代牙买加人与王室毫无关联。

It’s just as well, said 51-year-old Rastafarian Steven Bennett. “We don’t need any royal wave or photo-taking while the wounds of our ancestors are still being ignored. He still refuses to formally apologize for chattel slavery,” Bennett said. “Until the British monarchy is ready to stand on Jamaican soil, look us in the eye, apologize, and talk about actual repair and restitution, he has no business here. We want justice, not a parade.”Jamaica in recent years has been pushing to oust Charles as head of state and become a republic like Barbados did in 2021 Antonio Williams, a 25-year-old university student, said young Jamaicans have zero connection to the Crown.

“我想白金汉宫在威廉和凯特几年前那场绝对的公关灾难般的加勒比之行后,已经看清了形势,”他说,指的是2022年威尔士亲王和亲王妃对该地区的访问,当时他们面临抗议和要求赔偿的呼声。

“I think Buckingham Palace has read the room after the absolute PR disaster of William and Kate’s Caribbean tour a few years back,” he said, referring to the 2022 visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to the region, where they faced protests and calls for reparations.

“我们正积极推动成为共和国,切断这些殖民纽带,”威廉姆斯说。“现在让国王来访只会极其尴尬。跳过我们表明他们知道自己的影响力在这里已行将消逝。” 但68岁的退休公务员赫敏·里德怀着深情回忆起查尔斯的母亲伊丽莎白二世女王过去访问牙买加的情景。

“We are actively moving toward becoming a republic and breaking these colonial ties,” Williams said. “Having the king visit now would just be incredibly awkward. Skipping us is a sign that they know their influence here is expiring.”But 68-year-old retired civil servant Hermine Reid recalled with fondness how Charles’ mother, Queen Elizabeth II used to visit Jamaica.

“过去总是如此盛大、庄重的场合,人们会穿着盛装排在街道两旁,”她说。“现在情况截然不同。看着关系破裂到这种地步,我们这一代人感到有点难过,但我想这只是现代社会的表现。牙买加正在长大,走自己的路,国王显然也认识到了这一点。”

“It was always such a grand, respectful occasion, and people would line the streets in their Sunday best,” she said. “Things are very different now. It’s a little sad for my generation to see how much the relationship has fractured, but I suppose this is simply the modern era. Jamaica is growing up and charting its own course, and the king clearly recognizes that.”

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