巴黎——法国政府宣布增设教师岗位、扩大大学招生名额，并提供数十亿欧元的贷款用于校舍翻新，这是政府对搅动全国的学生抗议活动作出的首个重大让步。
PARIS—The French government announced new teaching posts, expanded university admissions and billions of euros in loans for school renovations in its first significant concessions to student protests that have roiled the nation.
政府表示，公立高中的新生班级人数上限将设为28人，低于目前平均超过30人的水平。政府计划在高校新增1.5万个名额，并向地方当局提供40亿欧元（合44亿美元）的贷款用于校舍翻新。
Freshman classes at public high schools will be capped at 28 students, the government said, down from the current average of more than 30. The government plans to create 15,000 new places in universities and offer regional authorities €4 billion, or, $4.4 billion, in loans for school renovations.
政府还承诺将根据通货膨胀调整学生助学金，并在2028年前废除Parcoursup——这是一个管理大学申请的集中式平台，学生称其压力过大且缺乏透明度。
The government also vowed to adjust student financial aid for inflation and by 2028 scrap Parcoursup, a centralized platform that manages college applications and that students say is too stressful and opaque.
这些措施是政府为平息街头抗议所做努力的一部分。本月早些时候，骚乱席卷了法国多座城市，抗议者袭击政府建筑、焚烧汽车并洗劫了数千家商铺。周六，超过40万名抗议者再次走上街头，在雨中游行，警方重兵部署，示威活动总体和平。
The measures are part of the government’s effort to calm the streets after riots tore through several French cities earlier this month, as protesters attacked government buildings, torched cars and looted thousands of stores. On Saturday, more than 400,000 protesters took to the streets again, marching in the rain under a heavy police presence in mostly peaceful demonstrations.
学生工会对这些新措施表示欢迎，称其是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，但誓言将继续抗争，直到所有诉求得到满足。近几周来，高中生赢得了大学生、工会以及许多其他法国人的支持，示威活动演变成了一场反对公共服务恶化和生活成本上涨的更广泛运动。
Student unions welcomed the new measures as a step in the right direction, but pledged to continue the fight until all their demands are met. In recent weeks, the high-schoolers have won the support of university students, unions and many other French people, as demonstrations morphed into a broader movement against the deteriorating public services and rising living costs.
“我们取得了一些成果，”16岁的路易·勒图布隆说，他是学生工会“高中生们！”的领导人之一，于周一与总理会面。“我们会坚持到底。”法国学生工会要求新增25万个大学名额、增加学生助学金，并大规模招聘学校护士和教师等。
“We have obtained something,” said 16-year-old Louis Letoublon, one of the leaders of the student union Les Lycéens!, who met with the prime minister on Monday. “We’ll see it through to the end.”French student unions are demanding 250,000 new university places, increased financial aid for students, and a massive recruitment drive for school nurses and teachers, among other measures.
法国财政状况紧张，回旋余地有限。从新冠疫情到乌克兰和伊朗战争，政府为缓冲接连不断的危机影响而支出，已将法国债务推高至今年第一季度末创纪录的3.5万亿欧元。
France’s strained finances leaves little room for maneuver. Government spending to buffer the impact of back-to-back crises—from the Covid pandemic to the wars in Ukraine and Iran—has pushed France’s debt to a record €3.5 trillion as of the end of the first quarter of this year.
总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙实施了大规模减税，却没有相应削减支出，这也导致法国赤字急剧上升，去年赤字率为5.1%。政府现在面临压力，今年必须通过数十亿欧元的预算削减，以控制偿债成本并安抚金融市场。
Sweeping tax cuts implemented by President Emmanuel Macron without corresponding spending reductions has also led to sharp increase in France’s deficit, which stood at 5.1% last year. The government is now under pressure to pass billions in budget cuts this year to curb debt servicing costs and reassure financial markets.
周一，马克龙在访问遭受近期抗议严重冲击的马赛时发表讲话，谴责暴力行为，并呼吁在明年春季总统选举前展开广泛的民主辩论。
Speaking on Monday during a visit to Marseille, which was hard hit by recent protests, Macron condemned the violence and called for a broad democratic debate ahead of next spring’s presidential election.
“我们绝不能让它被职业捣乱分子、暴徒、抢劫者和混乱势力夺走。”马克龙说。
“We must not let it be stolen from us by professional troublemakers, rioters, looters and forces of chaos,” Macron said.