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佩尔托拉“搅局者”争议为何可能为时已晚,难以撼动阿拉斯加选情Why the Peltola ‘spoiler’ controversy may be too late to shake up Alaska

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关于玛丽·佩尔托拉竞选团队涉嫌招募“搅局”候选人以分流现任参议员丹·沙利文选票的指控,于周三搅动了阿拉斯加参议院竞选。佩尔托拉竞选团队和全国民主党否认有任何牵涉,但共和党反应强烈,指责她故意对阿拉斯加选民撒谎。特朗普总统指控佩尔托拉干预选举,并称应对其提起诉讼。但激烈的党派反应对选民可能影响不大,许多人已投出选票,或在大选日前不到一周的时间里已下定决心。

Allegations that Mary Peltola’s campaign was involved in recruiting “spoiler” candidates to siphon votes from incumbent Sen. Dan Sullivan shook up the Alaska Senate race on Wednesday. Peltola's campaign and national Democrats denied any involvement, but Republicans responded sharply, accusing her of deliberately lying to Alaskans. President Trump accused Peltola of election interference and said she should be prosecuted. But the strong partisan reactions may mean little to voters, many of whom have already cast their ballots, or at least made up their minds less than a week before Election Day.

这些指控源于《纽约时报》周三的一篇报道,该报道发现佩尔托拉竞选团队招募了一名与其共和党对手同名的人也参选参议院,试图稀释共和党选票。共和党立即抓住该报道,希望在距大选还有六天之际为捍卫沙利文让此事产生持久影响。“玛丽·佩尔托拉及其竞选团队花了数月时间对阿拉斯加选民实施煤气灯效应,否认他们一路在实施的阴谋,”沙利文竞选团队发言人内特·亚当斯在声明中说。

The claims surfaced in a report from the New York Times on Wednesday, which found Peltola’s campaign recruited someone with the same name as her GOP opponent to also run for Senate in an effort to dilute the GOP vote. Republicans immediately jumped on the report, hoping to make it stick as they defend Sullivan with six days to go. “Mary Peltola and her campaign have spent months gaslighting Alaskans, denying a scheme they were running all along,” said Nate Adams, a spokesperson for the Sullivan campaign, in a statement.

但据一些政治专家和本地策略师称,六天时间不足以让此类新闻产生影响,全国性媒体的报道在该竞选中可能不如共和党期望的那样具有爆炸性。安克雷奇民主党倾向的政府监督组织“907倡议”创始人奥布雷·韦伯表示,他不指望选民会因新指控而有太大动摇,因为提前投票已在进行,他调查的大多数选民已在参议院人选上做出决定。“我们在测试广告、进行信息测试以及民调已有一段时间了,几乎没有人还没下定决心,”韦伯说。

But according to some political experts and local strategists, six days is not long enough for a story like this to make an impact, and a news report from a national outlet might be less of a bombshell in the race as Republicans hope. Aubrey Weiber, founder of the 907 Initiative, a Democratic-leaning government watchdog group in Anchorage, said he doesn’t expect voters to be moved much by the new allegations, because early voting is already underway and most voters he’s surveyed have already decided on their Senate picks. “What we are seeing when we're testing advertising, you know, like message testing, and just in polling for quite a while now, there are very few people that have not made up their minds,” Weiber said.

他补充说,他刚在一个投票站投完自己的票,那里即使在繁忙的上午,工作人员显然也认为这是整周以来最慢的时段。根据选举部门的数据,该州已有超过5万张选票被投出。一些共和党人暗示佩尔托拉竞选团队的做法是非法的。特朗普称,由于“选举舞弊”,佩尔托拉应被从选票上除名。长期担任共和党助手、现作为律师执业且不隶属于任何竞选团队的斯科特·肯德尔称这种“堆叠选票”计划是“肮脏的伎俩”,但澄清这并不违法。

He added that he had just come out of casting his own vote at a polling place, where even a busy morning was the slowest workers had apparently seen all week. More than 50,000 ballots have already been cast in the state, according to the Department of Elections. Some Republicans have suggested the Peltola campaign’s moves are illegal. Trump said Peltola should be dropped from the ballot over the “election fraud.”Scott Kendall, a longtime Republican staffer who now works as a lawyer and is unaffiliated with either campaign, called the ballot stacking scheme “a dirty trick” but clarified that it is not illegal.

他说,州法律对候选人没有动机限定条款,这意味着候选人无论出于何种原因参选都可以。据《安克雷奇每日新闻》报道,佩尔托拉竞选团队和全国民主党指出,共和党人在本周期及往年也曾扶持“搅局”的民主党和绿党候选人。招募边缘候选人以有利于领跑者的做法在阿拉斯加以外的州也很常见。民主党顾问、前民主党参议员竞选委员会(DSCC)通讯主任史蒂夫·贾丁表示,他和他的共和党对手寻找搅局候选人上选票并不罕见。

State law does not have a motive qualifier for candidates, he said, meaning candidates can run regardless of their reasons for doing so. The Peltola campaign and national Democrats noted that Republicans have also propped up “spoiler” Democratic and Green Party candidates in this cycle and in previous years, according to the Anchorage Daily News. The practice of recruiting fringe candidates to shape a ballot in favor of a frontrunner is also common in states beyond Alaska. Steve Jarding, a Democratic consultant and former communications director for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC), said it wasn’t unusual for both he and his GOP counterparts to look for spoiler candidates to put on ballots.

“我在华盛顿的参议院委员会工作了四年,你会做这种事,因为你在寻找优势,”贾丁说。“我们绝不会做任何违法的事,因为我们都不想因为干蠢事而坐牢。但委员会招募候选人,他们一直都在这么做。”韦伯还表示,《纽约时报》早前关于佩尔托拉员工文化的报道——其中包括她使用歧视性用语及虐待员工的指控——在选民心中几乎未激起波澜。“网上有很多梗图持续了几天。仅此而已,”韦伯说。

“When I was at the Senate committee in Washington for four years, you did stuff like that because you look for an advantage,” Jarding said. “We never would have done anything to break the law because none of us wanted to go to jail for doing something stupid. But committees recruiting candidates, they do it all the time.”Weiber also said that a previous report from the Times about Peltola’s staff culture, which included claims that she had used slurs and otherwise mistreated staffers, had little ripple into voters’ minds. “There was a lot of memes online for a couple days. That was about it,” Weiber said.

“事实上,我已经好几周没听说过那件事了。” 在工作人员事件于9月下旬曝光前后进行的民调均显示,佩尔托拉领先于沙利文。阿拉斯加东南大学政治学教授格伦·赖特同样表示,他不认为人物报道会实质性改变选举结果。赖特说,不仅已经花费巨资试图塑造两位候选人的形象,而且阿拉斯加政治具有个人色彩,许多选民早已与其中一位候选人有联系。

“And really, like I haven't heard about that in weeks.”Polls taken both before after the staffers story broke in late September showed Peltola ahead of Sullivan. Glenn Wright, professor of political science at the University of Alaska Southeast, similarly said he doesn’t expect character stories to substantially alter the election outcome. Not only have gobs of money already been spent trying to characterize both candidates, but Alaska politics are personal and many voters have connections to one candidate or the other already, Wright said.

“我怀疑阿拉斯加还没下定决心的人非常少,”赖特说。“我认为大多数阿拉斯加人此时对玛丽·佩尔托拉是谁、丹·沙利文是谁都有相当清晰的认识。” 共和党律师肯德尔也承认,选民可能已经根深蒂固。他指出,州长竞选和关于排序复选制的投票倡议对阿拉斯加政治的影响比参议院竞选更大。“在这场竞选中,选民非常僵化,”肯德尔说。

“I suspect that there are a very small number of people in Alaska who haven't made up their mind yet,” Wright said. “I think most Alaskans have a pretty clear view at this point of who Mary Peltola is and who Dan Sullivan is.”Kendall, the GOP lawyer, also acknowledged that voters are probably already entrenched. The governor’s race and ballot measure about ranked-choice voting are more consequential for Alaska politics than the Senate race, he noted. “On this race, there's a very calcified electorate,” Kendall said.

“双方都有接近50%的选民,他们清楚自己支持谁,不会被说服。” 肯德尔还指出,该州的排序复选制、无党派选举制度——他曾参与设计——应能缓解选民混淆的问题,因为分不清哪位丹·沙利文是现任议员的选民可以将两人都排序。“如果每个不想让玛丽·佩尔托拉获胜的人都给其他三位候选人排序,按任意顺序全部排上,毫无疑问,这些票最终都会流向[参议员]丹·沙利文,”肯德尔说。

“There's numbers in the high 40s on both sides that are just sort of, they know who they're supporting, and they are not persuaded.”Kendall also pointed out that the state’s ranked-choice, nonpartisan electoral system, which he helped design, should mitigate any issues with voter confusion, because voters who don't know which Dan Sullivan is the incumbent can rank both. “If every person who doesn't want Mary Peltola to win ranks the other three candidates, ranks all of them in any order, there's no question; those votes will eventually go to [Sen.] Dan Sullivan,” Kendall said.

“所以,我是说,这是个好消息。这整桩肮脏的丑闻表明,阿拉斯加这种制度对于保护我们免受外部干预至关重要。” 赖特说,佩尔托拉竞选团队据称试图操控竞选的做法,显示出他们误解了排序复选制的运作方式。

“So, I mean, that's the good news. What this whole sordid affair shows is that a system like Alaska's is vital to protecting us from this outside meddling.”Wright said the Peltola campaign’s alleged attempts to shape the race showed they misunderstand how ranked-choice voting works.

“我认为许多阿拉斯加人对整个丹·沙利文这件事都会忍不住发笑、翻白眼,”赖特说。“有不少阿拉斯加选民对这种暗示感到有点受侮辱,暗示他们分不清选票上该投给哪个丹·沙利文。” 卡罗琳·瓦基尔和福特·麦克拉肯对此文亦有贡献

“I think a lot of Alaskans kind of chuckle and roll their eyes at the whole Dan Sullivan thing,” Wright said. “There's no small number of Alaskan voters who are a little bit insulted by the implication that they can't figure out which Dan Sullivan to vote for on the ballot.”Caroline Vakil and Ford McCracken contributed

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