来自科莫湖畔小镇东戈的49岁教师马泰里，当初在米兰一所中学获得全职教职时欣喜若狂，但很快发现薪水在意大利这座金融之都根本不够花。
Matteri, a 49-year-old teacher from Dongo, a small town on Lake Como, was thrilled when he landed a full-time job at a secondary school in Milan, but he soon found his salary was not enough to live on in Italy's financial capital.
在城市边缘一个他称为“牢房般”的单间公寓里住了三年后，他调任至托斯卡纳海岸城市利沃诺，买下一套舒适的住房，如今生计压力小得多。
After three years in what he called a "cell-like" studio flat on the city's outskirts, he secured a transfer to Livorno on the Tuscan coast, bought a comfortable home and now has far less difficulty making ends meet.
“这是一时冲动的决定，但我从未后悔。我绝不会回米兰，”教授意大利文学和历史的马泰里说。
"It was a spur-of-the-moment decision but I've never regretted it. I would never go back to Milan," said Matteri, who teaches Italian literature and history.
他的经历日益普遍。随着房价飙升，而全国统一谈判的薪资并未为在意大利最昂贵城市工作提供任何津贴，米兰的学校在招聘和留住教师方面举步维艰。
His experience is increasingly common. Milan's schools are struggling to recruit and retain teachers as soaring housing costs collide with nationally negotiated salaries that offer no premium for working in Italy's most expensive city.
据意大利工会联合会（CISL）汇编的数据，暑假伊始，米兰大都会区约有4300个教职空缺，等待新学年填补，数量居意大利之首，全国空缺总数为3.7万个。约五分之一岗位至今空悬。
At the start of the summer around 4,300 teaching positions were available in the Milan metropolitan area ahead of the new school year, data compiled by the CISL trade union showed, the highest figure in Italy, out of a total of 37,000. Around a fifth remain vacant.
这一局面凸显了总理梅洛尼在明年大选前面临的最大棘手问题之一：长期工资停滞。
The situation highlights one of the biggest headaches facing Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni before a national election next year: chronic wage stagnation.
经通胀调整后的意大利�资水平低于1990年，在巴黎经济合作与发展组织（OECD）分析的20多个发达经济体中，意大利是唯一下降的国家。
Inflation-adjusted salaries in Italy are lower than in 1990, the only decline among more than 20 advanced economies analysed by the Paris-based Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
欧盟统计局数据显示，过去五年间，意大利是欧盟成员国中购买力削弱最严重的国家。
Italy is also the European Union country that has seen the largest erosion of purchasing power in the last five years, Eurostat data shows.
由意大利基层工会（USB）发起的游行和罢工定于周五在意大利各地举行，抗议生活成本高企、薪资过低以及公共服务衰退。
Marches and strikes led by the USB union are planned around Italy on Friday to protest against the cost of living, low pay and declining public services.
本月早些时候，主要由年轻人组成的群体在米兰冲击商铺、砸毁橱窗、抢劫店铺并袭警，生活成本引发的愤怒演变为暴力冲突。
Frustration over living costs erupted into violence this month when gangs of mainly young people went on the rampage in Milan, smashing windows, looting shops and attacking police.
对于教师和其他公共部门员工而言，薪资标准并未考虑到米兰极高的住房成本，后者部分源于英国脱欧和税制改革后，大量富裕的国际银行家涌入。米兰的一名教师收入与意大利南部村庄的一名教师相同。
For teachers and other public-sector workers, pay scales take no account of Milan's exceptionally high housing costs, pushed up partly by an influx of wealthy international bankers following Brexit and tax reform. A teacher in Milan earns the same as one in a southern Italian village.
据教育咨询机构 Docenti.it 称，教师的税后月薪因资历和任教学段不同，介于 1350 欧元（约合 1500 美元）至 2000 欧元左右。
Teachers' net wages range from €1,350 ($1,500) to around €2,000 per month depending on seniority and school level, according to education consultancy Docenti.it.
房产门户网站 Idealista 的数据显示，米兰单间的平均月租金约为 700 欧元，郊区约 500 欧元，市中心热门街区则超过 1000 欧元。
The average monthly rent for a single room in Milan is about €700, going from €500 on the outskirts to more than €1,000 in central neighbourhoods, data from property portal Idealista shows.
59 岁的法学教师弗朗西斯卡·布鲁尼（Francesca Bruni）兼任特殊需求学生辅导工作，她在米兰坚持了六年，于 2025 年因生活成本过高而申请调回家乡、位于南部海岸的塔兰托，这与马泰里（Matteri）的遭遇如出一辙。
Francesca Bruni, 59, who teaches law and helps students with special needs, lasted six years in Milan before getting a transfer in 2025 to her home town of Taranto on the southern coast, exasperated like Matteri by the cost of living.
“首先是日常开销，然后是找房子，”她说，“房东通常要求押金和担保，而教师，尤其是持临时合同的教师，往往无法提供。”
"It starts with daily expenses, then finding housing," she said. "Landlords often want deposits and guarantees that teachers, especially those on temporary contracts, cannot provide."
德意志银行研究院 2026 年《全球物价图谱》报告显示，扣除房租后的可支配收入，米兰显著低于包括罗马在内的任何欧洲主要首都。
Deutsche Bank Research Institute's 2026 Mapping the World's Prices report shows disposable income after rent in Milan is significantly lower than in any major European capital, including Rome.
Idealista 数据显示，自 2021 年以来，房租已上涨 20%。
Rents have risen by 20% since 2021, according to Idealista data.
尽管成本高昂，43 岁的音乐教师乔瓦尼·帕韦西（Giovanni Pavesi）表示，他下定决心留在米兰，不愿申请调回家乡曼图亚——这座小城市位于米兰东南约 150 公里（90 英里）处。
Despite the costs, Giovanni Pavesi, a 43-year-old music teacher, said he was determined to stick it out in Milan rather than seek a transfer to his native Mantua, a small city some 150 km (90 miles) to the southeast.
“近半数工资用于支付房租，但我选择留下，理由与我当初来这里的理由相同：这座城市提供的一切，尤其是文化生活，尽管身在米兰并不总能尽情享受这些，”他说。
"Nearly half my salary goes on rent, but I chose to stay for the same reasons I came here: everything the city has to offer, above all its cultural life, even though living in Milan doesn't always mean being able to enjoy it," he said.
自 2023 年起，学生们因米兰缺乏负担得起的住房而发起抗议，在街头搭帐篷露宿，呼应了本月在西班牙爆发的大规模住房抗议。
Since 2023 students have protested against the city's lack of affordable accommodation by pitching tents and camping out on the streets, echoing the mass housing protests seen in Spain this month.
虽然居民表示米兰的物价尤为难以承受，但生活成本问题在全国范围内都能感受到。
While residents say Milan's prices are particularly unsustainable, the cost-of-living problem is felt nationwide.
意大利的通胀率在9月跃升至4.2%，高于上个月的3.2%，与欧洲其他国家一样，主要受能源价格飙升推动。
Italy's inflation rate jumped in September to 4.2% from 3.2% the month before, driven as elsewhere in Europe by surging energy prices.
意大利的公共部门员工，如教师和护士——他们的合同往往在过期数年后才续签——是受冲击最严重的人群之一。
Italy's public-sector workers such as teachers and nurses - whose contracts are often renewed years after they expire - are among those hardest hit.
国家统计局（ISTAT）的数据显示，去年教师的基本工资按实际购买力计算比2015年低12%。
Teachers' base pay last year was 12% lower in real terms than in 2015, data from statistics bureau ISTAT shows.
由于米兰的生活成本高昂，许多教师不愿申请空缺职位，而另一些教师在受聘后不久就申请调往别处。
Deterred by Milan's cost of living, many teachers do not apply for available positions, while others request transfers elsewhere soon after being hired.
米兰一所初级和小学的校长安娜·波利亚尼最近被迫采取临时安排，填补两个教授特殊需求儿童的空缺职位。她说：“自新冠疫情以来，问题恶化了，并且正变得根深蒂固。”
Anna Polliani, the principal of a Milan junior and primary school, was recently forced to make temporary arrangements to fill two vacant posts to teach children with special needs. "The problem has worsened since the COVID-19 pandemic and it is becoming endemic," she said.