加里·菲尔兹 华盛顿——周五，针对两个分别获得政府支持的项目提起的诉讼听证会在同一栋联邦法院大楼内进行，暴露出总统唐纳德·特朗普试图按自己的意愿塑造哥伦比亚特区部分区域的企图之广——以及这些企图背后所依据的行政权力主张。
GARY FIELDS WASHINGTON — Hearings in lawsuits against two separate administration-backed projects were unfolding in a single federal court building Friday, revealing the breadth of President Donald Trump’s attempts to mold parts of the District of Columbia as he wishes — and the underlying executive authority claims that lie beneath them.
涉及的两起案件分别是：一座历史悠久的公共高尔夫球场即将关闭并重新改造，以及一座纪念性拱门的建造——该拱门高250英尺（75米），比自由女神像从基座到火炬顶端的整体高度还要高出100英尺。这两个项目相距仅约三英里，即五公里。
The cases involved are an impending shutdown and reconfiguration of a historic public golf course and the construction of the monumental arch that, at 250 feet (75 meters), would be 100 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty is from its base to the top of the torch. The two projects are barely three miles or five kilometers apart.
关于拟议高尔夫球场改造的听证会一如近期其他听证会的开场：美国地区法官安娜·雷耶斯严厉质询了副司法部长小斯坦利·伍德沃德，追问特朗普将这座靠近国家广场的高尔夫球场打造成世界级设施的意愿，是如何变成与他公开声明相吻合的紧急计划的。
The hearing on the proposed golf course change began as other recent ones have: U.S. District Judge Ana Reyes grilled Associate Attorney General Stanley Woodward Jr. over how Trump’s desires to turn the golf course, near the National Mall, into a world-class facility have become urgent plans that match his public pronouncements.
雷耶斯一度向政府律师宣读了关于在听证会上陈述错误或虚假信息的行为准则。
At one point, Reyes read the code of conduct to government attorneys on presenting erroneous or false information during a hearing.
雷耶斯下令举行周五的听证会，是因为特朗普在Truth Social上多次发帖表明高尔夫球场已有相关计划，预计将于11月15日开工。特朗普称，施工期间公园将关闭15个月。
Reyes ordered Friday’s hearing after multiple Truth Social posts by Trump indicated that there were plans for the golf course and construction was expected to begin Nov. 15. Trump said the park would be closed 15 months while work goes on.
这些总统帖子从10月18日开始发布，在此后的多场法庭听证会上造成了紧张局面，因为内政部、司法部和国家公园管理局的官员在雷耶斯的追问下无法证实这些计划的存在。她最终询问自己应该相信谁。司法部周三晚间提交通知，确认这些计划属实。
The presidential posts, which began Oct. 18, created a tense dynamic in multiple court hearings afterward when officials from the Interior Department, Justice and National Park Service could not confirm the existence of the plans under questioning from Reyes. She eventually asked whom she should trust. The Justice Department filed notice Wednesday night that the plans were real.
“2026年10月30日星期五，国家公园管理局将提交一份由汤姆·法齐奥设计的渲染图供国家首都规划委员会审查，该渲染图描绘了一个世界级、锦标赛级别、能够举办重大赛事的高尔夫球场，”通知称。
“On Friday, October 30, 2026, the National Park Service will submit to the National Capital Planning Commission for review a rendering designed by Tom Fazio for a World Class, championship-level golf course that is capable of hosting major events,” the notice said.
雷耶斯紧盯着这份文件以及特朗普在Truth Social上的多条声明，向伍德沃德发问。
Reyes locked in on the filing and Trump’s multiple Truth Social announcements as she questioned Woodward.
在谈到伍德沃德称仅在本周才出台的计划时，他一度口误，将砍树列为关闭准备工作的一部分。
At one point, as they talked about plans that Woodward said only came about this week, he slipped and included tree cutting as part of the preparation for the closure.
雷耶斯立即回应：“新闻快讯。”她允许他纠正自己，承认本月早些时候进行的砍树并非关闭东波托马克高尔夫球场计划的一部分。她说，打算指派一名特别主事官调查政府向法庭作出的陈述。
Reyes responded immediately: “News flash.”She allowed him to correct himself that the tree cutting, which occurred earlier this month, was not part of the plan to close the East Potomac Golf Links. She said she intended to appoint a special master to investigate the administration’s statements to the court.
这起高尔夫球场诉讼是周五法庭审理的两起案件之一，均涉及特朗普政府推动扩大行政权力，因为总统正在重塑国家广场附近以及波托马克河沿岸的联邦区域。
The golf course lawsuit was one of two cases in court Friday dealing with the Trump administration’s push to expand its executive authority as the president remakes the federal areas of the capital near the National Mall and along the Potomac River.
三个法庭之外，美国联邦地区法官塔尼娅·楚特坎将就一项动议举行听证会，该动议请求她下令暂时叫停最早于11月5日开始建设纪念拱门的计划。一小群退伍军人和一位建筑史学家在华盛顿联邦法院提起诉讼反对该拱门，称国会必须批准该项目。
Three courtrooms away, U.S. District Judge Tanya Chutkan was to hold a hearing on a motion asking that she call a temporary halt to plans to begin construction as early as Nov. 5 on the memorial arch. The arch is opposed by a small group of veterans and an architectural historian who sued in federal court in Washington, saying Congress must endorse the project.
“公共利益严重倾向于不允许被告贸然推进，”原告在申请禁令时表示。“法院应发布初步禁令，禁止被告开始在纪念圈动工，以免他们在法院作出最终裁决前将拱门建成既成事实。”一直在关注正在进行的众多案件的法律专家表示，乍看之下可能像是面子工程的项目，实则是考验总统权力边界的案件。
“The public interest leans heavily against allowing defendants to blaze ahead,” the plaintiffs said in seeking the injunction. “This court should enter a preliminary injunction blocking defendants from beginning construction on Memorial Circle in the hope that they can render the arch a fait accompli before this Court has made a final determination.”Legal experts who have been watching the numerous cases underway say that what might appear at first glance to be vanity projects are in truth cases that test the limits of presidential power.
乔治城大学法学中心法学教授大卫·苏佩尔表示，历届政府推行的法律理论有时站得住脚，有时则不然。
Past administrations pursued legal theories that were sometimes legally sound, sometimes not, said David Super, law professor at the Georgetown University Law Center.
“但一直以来的假设是，你会设法做合法的事，”他说。“我们现在看到的是，如果你认为联邦法院阻止不了你，你就可以做那些无可争议的违法之事。”他说，这“将对国家造成长远损害”。
“But there was always the assumption that you would try to do things that were legal,” he said. “What we’re seeing here now is that if you think the federal courts can’t stop you, you can do things there indisputably illegal. He said that’s ”going to do long-term damage to the country.”