对于中东各家航空公司来说，本就注定糟糕的一年，在10月份变得更加糟糕。当时导弹袭击了沙特首都的机场，造成十几人死亡，并促使当局暂停了该枢纽的运营。
What was already destined to be a bad year for Middle East airlines got even worse in October when missiles pummeled the Saudi capital’s airport, killing more than a dozen people and prompting authorities to suspend the hub’s operations.
根据航空数据公司凯萨琳（Cirium Ltd.）提供的数据，从10月10日的这起最致命爆炸案发生到10月27日期间，原定从利雅得哈立德国王国际机场起飞的4345个航班中，约有94%被取消。这加速了由伊朗战争引发的趋势。
From the deadliest bombing on Oct. 10 through Oct. 27, about 94% of the 4,345 flights scheduled to depart Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport were canceled, according to data provided by Cirium Ltd. That accelerated a trend instigated by the Iran war.
尽管中东经历了数十年的战争，但海湾地区的航空业依然成功树立了稳定的声誉，使该地区成为长途旅客的重要中转枢纽。伊朗战争以及胡塞武装对利雅得和其他地方的袭击打破了这一形象，将航空公司、机场及其配套基础设施直接卷入了武装冲突。
Despite decades of warfare in the Middle East, the Gulf’s aviation industry managed to cultivate a reputation for stability that turned the region into a major transit hub for long-haul fliers. The Iran war and the Houthi rebel attacks on Riyadh and elsewhere shattered that image, dragging airlines, airports and their supporting infrastructure directly into armed conflict.
沙特民航总局局长阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·迪艾利吉（Abdulaziz Al-Duailej）在多哈与同行举行的一次近期会议上表示：“过去一段时间地区事态的发展，给民航业、航空运输流量、需求水平以及航空公司的运营能力蒙上了阴影。”
“Regional developments during the past period have cast a shadow on the civil aviation sector, air transport traffic, demand levels and operational capacity of airlines,” Abdulaziz Al-Duailej, president of Saudi Arabia’s civil aviation authority, said during a recent meeting in Doha with his peers.
这些数字显示了这片阴影有多长。从2月1日至10月27日，该地区三大机场——迪拜、多哈和利雅得——共有26561个航班被取消。这比前一年增加了五倍。
The numbers show just how long that shadow is. From Feb. 1 through Oct. 27, a total of 26,561 flights were canceled at three of the region’s biggest airports — Dubai, Doha and Riyadh. That’s a fivefold increase from a year earlier.
与此同时，根据凯萨琳的数据，从哈立德国王国际机场、迪拜国际机场和卡塔尔哈马德国际机场起飞的定期航班数量暴跌了近21%。这意味着今年迄今为止，在航班服务减少的情况下，取消的航班却更多了。
At the same time, the number of scheduled flights from King Khalid, Dubai International Airport and Qatar’s Hamad International Airport plummeted almost 21%, according to the Cirium data. That means there have been more cancellations of fewer services so far this year.
根据其网站显示，这些袭击迫使沙特最年轻的航空公司——利雅得航空搬迁至大约249英里（400公里）外的另一个机场，并维持有限的航班时刻表，直至另行通知。
The attacks forced Riyadh Air, Saudi Arabia’s youngest airline, to move to another airport about 249 miles (400 kilometers) away and run a limited schedule until further notice, according to its website.
法航最近将飞往利雅得的航班停飞期限延长至12月12日。荷航取消了飞往首都利雅得和达曼的航班，停飞期限至11月27日。
Air France recently extended its flight suspensions to Riyadh until Dec. 12. KLM canceled its services to the capital and Dammam through Nov. 27.
冲突监测组织Acled的中东地区专家阿梅内·梅赫瓦尔表示：“袭击机场能带来极大的关注度——它们造成的破坏——这就是他们的策略。这不仅关乎他们造成的具体成本，更关乎随之而来的影响。”石油收入的暴利、位于欧亚之间的战略位置，以及相对免受周边冲突波及，这些因素共同增强了海湾地区航空业的发展。
Attacks on “airports bring a lot of visibility — the destruction they create — and that’s the strategy,” said Ameneh Mehvar, Middle East regional expert for conflict monitor Acled. “It is not only about the specific costs that they inflict, it’s about the impact that will follow.”A combination of windfalls from oil revenue, a strategic location between Europe and Asia and relative insulation from nearby conflicts strengthened the aviation industry’s development in the Gulf.
成果显著：2014年，迪拜机场超越伦敦希思罗机场，成为全球最繁忙的国际机场；阿联酋航空、阿提哈德航空和卡塔尔航空等承运人因其服务屡获全球殊荣。
The results are impressive: Dubai’s airport usurped London’s Heathrow as the world’s busiest international airport in 2014, and carriers including Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways win global accolades for their services.
在美国和以色列于2月28日袭击伊朗，以及沙特阿拉伯与胡塞武装的长期冲突重燃后，这一势头大幅放缓。
That momentum slowed considerably after the US and Israel attacked Iran on Feb. 28 and the long-standing conflict between Saudi Arabia and the Houthi militants reignited.
国际航空运输协会在6月的一份报告中表示：“预计中东将成为所有地区中盈利能力恶化最严重的地区”，理由是该地区面临航线网络中断、燃油价格波动和中转客流变化的风险。
“The Middle East is expected to record the sharpest deterioration in profitability among all regions,” the International Air Transport Association said in a June report, citing the region’s exposure to network disruption, fuel price volatility and changes in transfer traffic.
也门境内的胡塞武装袭击了沙特阿布哈、吉赞、纳杰兰和达曼的其他设施，并警告航空公司，将在战斗中以“机场换机场、封锁换封锁、升级换升级”进行报复。
The Yemen-based Houthis targeted other Saudi facilities — in Abha, Jizan, Najran and Dammam — and warned airlines it would retaliate “airport for airport, blockade for blockade and escalation for escalation” in fighting.
影响波及整个地区的机场。迪拜机场推迟了旅客吞吐量目标，外国航空公司在哈马德国际机场的服务暂停了约两个月，经由科威特国际机场的中转行程仍处于停摆状态。
The impact extends to airports throughout the region. Dubai Airport postponed its passenger target, foreign airline services were suspended from Hamad airport for about two months and transit trips via Kuwait International Airport remain halted.
英荷集团（ING Groep NV）运输与物流高级行业经济学家里科·卢曼表示：“随着冲突持续和安全事件再次发生，影响可能延续至2027年。”
“With the conflict persisting and renewed security incidents, the impact could extend into 2027,” said Rico Luman, senior sector economist for transport and logistics at ING Groep NV.
伊朗报告称，美以空袭导致其两打多座机场遭受不同程度损毁，巴林机场据报在冲突早期遭到袭击，以色列本-古里安国际机场有三架私人飞机受损。
Iran reported varying degrees of damage to more than two dozen airports from US-Israel strikes, Bahrain’s airport was reportedly hit early in the conflict and three private planes were damaged at Israel’s Ben Gurion Airport.
“多年来，海湾国家一直试图摆脱对石油的依赖，”彭博经济学首席新兴市场经济学家齐亚德·达乌德说。
“For years, Gulf states have tried to diversify away from oil,” said Ziad Daoud, chief emerging markets economist for Bloomberg Economics.
“可以说，它们最大的成功在于物流——机场和港口，”他说。“如今，战争不仅威胁到它们的能源出口，也威胁到它们摆脱对石油依赖的最成功努力之一。”
“Their biggest success has arguably been logistics — airports and ports,” he said. “Now, the war threatens not only their energy exports, but also one of their most successful efforts to move beyond oil.”