中期选举的结果将塑造未来数年的美国政策，并对全球产生连锁反应。华盛顿做出的决定不仅影响伊朗等美国对手，也影响乌克兰等正寻求美国更多支持的国家。
The outcome of the midterm elections will shape US policy for years — and have repercussions around the globe. Decisions made in Washington affect both US adversaries such as Iran and countries such as Ukraine, which is seeking more support from the United States.
总统唐纳德·特朗普并非在决定美国卷入何处战争、或哪些国家获得财政与军事援助等问题上拥有最终决定权。虽然总统在美国拥有的权力大于德国等议会制民主国家，但他并非独自执政——即便在这片机会之地。
President Donald Trump does not have the final say when it comes to deciding where the United States goes to war or which countries get financial or military aid. While the president wields more power in the US than in parliamentary democracies such as Germany, he does not govern alone — even in the land of opportunity.
众议院和参议院，即国会的两院，其构成将由选民于本周二决定，它们拥有相当大的影响力。它们决定立法和政府支出，同时也对总统和情报机构发挥制衡作用。
The House of Representatives and the Senate, the two chambers of Congress whose composition voters will decide this Tuesday, wield considerable influence. They decide on legislation and government spending and also serve as a check on the president and the intelligence agencies.
总统可以否决国会通过的立法。国会可凭借两院各三分之二多数推翻该否决。立法机关还负责弹劾程序。此外，总统只能从参议院批准的提名名单中任命内阁成员、美国大使和联邦法官。
The president can veto legislation passed by Congress. Congress can override that veto with a two-thirds majority in both chambers. The legislature also handles impeachment proceedings. In addition, the president can only appoint Cabinet members, US ambassadors and federal judges from a list of nominees the Senate approves.
特朗普的共和党目前在国会两院均占多数，这使总统治理更为顺畅。但近期民调显示，民主党可能夺回至少众议院的控制权，甚至有可能控制参议院。这可能改变重大外交政策议题的走向。美国中期选举角逐升温对乌克兰的支持民主党人乔·拜登在俄罗斯发动入侵乌克兰时身处白宫。美国与欧洲一道，脱颖而出成为可靠伙伴，以财政援助、军事专业知识，尤其是大规模武器交付支持乌克兰。
Trump’s Republicans currently hold majorities in both chambers of Congress, making it easier for the president to govern. But recent polls suggest the Democrats could take control of at least the House of Representatives and possibly even the Senate. This could shift the direction of major foreign policy issues. Battle for US midterm elections heats up Support for Ukraine Joe Biden, a Democrat, was in the White House when Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine. Alongside Europe, the US stood out as a reliable partner, supporting Ukraine with financial aid, military expertise and, above all, large-scale weapons deliveries.
乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基在2025年访华时，曾因受到特朗普的冷淡欢迎而闻名。特朗普现在公开承认，他与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京相处得比与泽连斯基更好。
The situation changed abruptly under Trump. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy famously received a notably frosty welcome during his 2025 visit to the White House. Trump now openly admits that he gets along better with Russian President Vladimir Putin than with Zelenskyy.
美国已暂停对俄罗斯的制裁，并削减对乌克兰的财政和军事援助。如果民主党在国会两院赢得多数，他们可能会把对乌克兰的更大支持列入议程。
The US has suspended sanctions against Russia and reduced financial and military aid to Ukraine. If Democrats win majorities in both chambers of Congress, they could put increased support for Ukraine on the agenda.
“民主党批评特朗普政府对乌克兰的支持不够，”前《德国之声》记者、现任彭博政府编辑布兰登·康拉迪斯对《德国之声》表示，“他们可以推动立法，为乌克兰提供更多援助。”如果特朗普否决此类立法，结果将取决于国会的权力平衡。但若获得三分之二多数，部分共和党人支持下，他的否决可能被推翻。特朗普是在试图结束乌克兰战争，还是在帮助普京赢得战争？
"Democrats criticize the Trump administration for not doing enough for Ukraine," Brandon Conradis, a former DW journalist and now an editor at Bloomberg Government, told DW. "They can push legislation that would provide more aid to Ukraine." If Trump vetoed such legislation, the outcome would depend on the balance of power in Congress. But a two-thirds majority could override his veto with support from some Republicans. Is Trump trying to end the war in Ukraine, or helping Putin win it?
伊朗战争特朗普在2月28日与以色列一起发动对伊朗的战争，未征求国会同意。根据美国宪法，国会必须批准对另一国的正式宣战。民主党多次投票反对战争，甚至与部分共和党人一起通过决议，呼吁结束敌对行动。特朗普政府对此置之不理。
Iran War Trump launched the war against Iran alongside Israel on February 28 without consulting Congress. Under the US Constitution, Congress must approve a formal declaration of war against another country. Democrats have repeatedly voted against the war and even passed a resolution, together with some Republicans, calling for an end to the hostilities. The Trump administration has ignored it.
“我认为国会在这里不会拥有巨大的权力，”美国布鲁金斯学会外交政策研究主任迈克尔·奥汉隆对《德国之声》说，但补充道，国会或许可以通过拒绝资助来阻止大规模升级。
"I don't think Congress will have huge powers here," said Michael O'Hanlon, director of research for foreign policy at the US think tank Brookings Institution, told DW, but added that Congress could perhaps prevent a major escalation by refusing to fund it.
美国国际开发署削减预算或致艾滋病毒传播上升 中期选举如何影响发展援助特朗普总统开启第二任期后不久，大幅削减了美国对全球抗击埃博拉、艾滋病和饥饿援助项目的支持。其中一项举措是关闭了负责对外发展援助的美国国际开发署（USAID）。
How USAID cuts could result in higher HIV transmission How the midterms could impact development aid US support for aid projects around the world that help fight Ebola, AIDS and hunger was sharply cut back by President Trump shortly after he began his second term. Among other measures, he shut down USAID, the US agency responsible for foreign development assistance.
由民主党控制的国会能否在总统意愿之外“重启”该机构尚存疑问。但国会可以推动增加援助开支，并调查关闭美国国际开发署这一备受争议的举措。
Whether a Democratic-controlled Congress could "reactivate" the agency against the president's wishes is questionable. But Congress could push for increased aid spending and investigate the controversial closure of USAID.
康拉迪斯表示：“民主党将拥有监督权，并将利用这一权力审查关闭美国国际开发署的决定。将举行听证会，并将他们视为负责的官员传唤至国会作证。”
"Democrats would have oversight power and use it to scrutinize the closing of USAID," Conradis said. "There will be hearings, and they will drag officials they view as responsible in front of Congress."
归根结底，美国依然是一个由共和党总统领导的国家。政策不会发生彻底逆转。“并非民主党赢得国会控制权，一切都会改变。但由于权力动态将有所不同，一些事情会发生变化。”
Ultimately, the US remains a country with a Republican president. There will be no complete reversal of course. "It's not like if Democrats win control of Congress, everything is going to change. But some things will change because the power dynamics will be different."