国际能源署（IEA）周二表示，中东战争引发的能源危机正在暴露该地区的重大脆弱性，各国面临出口收入损失、进口成本上升和能源短缺恶化。
The energy crisis triggered by the war in the Middle East is exposing major regional vulnerabilities, with countries facing lost export revenues, rising import costs and worsening energy shortages, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said Tuesday.
该机构称，霍尔木兹海峡航运受阻——这是全球石油和天然气供应的关键通道——对中东和北非（MENA）地区的能源安全产生了深远影响。该机构表示，危机对各国的影响各不相同。
The agency said disruptions to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, a key route for global oil and gas supplies, have had far-reaching effects on energy security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The crisis has affected countries differently, it said.
石油和天然气出口国在国际价格走高的情况下难以维持出货量，而能源进口经济体则面临成本大幅增加。
Oil and gas exporters have struggled to maintain shipments amid higher international prices, while energy-importing economies face sharply increased costs.
根据该机构的说法，沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国通过绕过海峡的管道维持了大部分出货量，而巴林、伊拉克、科威特和卡塔尔则更容易受到中断的影响。
Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have maintained most of their shipments through pipelines that bypass the strait, while Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait and Qatar are more exposed to disruptions, according to the agency.
伊拉克石油出口减少和伴生气产量下降，加剧了电力部门的压力。该国在进口受阻和国内产量有限的情况下，还面临燃料短缺。
Reduced oil exports and lower associated gas production in Iraq have added to pressure on the electricity sector. The country has also faced fuel shortages following disruptions to imports and limited domestic production.
能源进口国面临更高的账单。国际能源署称，埃及、摩洛哥、突尼斯和黎巴嫩在原油、成品油和天然气上的月度总支出在冲突爆发后的第一个完整月份——3月——升至46亿美元，并在6月达到48亿美元。危机还在加剧受冲突和脆弱基础设施影响国家的能源获取困难。
Energy-importing countries are facing higher bills. The IEA said combined monthly spending on crude oil, oil products and natural gas in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon rose to $4.6 billion in March, the first full month of the conflict, and reached $4.8 billion in June. The crisis is also worsening energy access in countries affected by conflict and fragile infrastructure.
该机构表示，在黎巴嫩，更高的燃料成本正增加依赖私人发电机的家庭的负担，而加沙地带的电力系统已基本瘫痪。
In Lebanon, higher fuel costs are adding to the burden on households reliant on private generators, while the Gaza Strip’s electricity system has largely collapsed, said the agency.
国际能源署称，危机正在重塑该地区的能源安全格局，主要生产国面临出口收入风险，能源进口经济体在负担能力方面举步维艰，能源系统脆弱的国家在确保燃料供应方面面临挑战。
The IEA said the crisis was redefining energy security in the region, with major producers facing risks to export revenues, energy-importing economies struggling with affordability and countries with fragile energy systems facing challenges in securing fuel supplies.
报告还指出，分布式可再生能源（包括屋顶太阳能和微电网）是改善供电普及的途径，适用于中心化基础设施易受干扰的地区。
It also pointed to distributed renewable energy, including rooftop solar and mini-grids, as ways to improve access to electricity in areas where centralized infrastructure is vulnerable to disruption.
国际能源署表示，这场危机凸显了多元化能源供应、加强区域能源互联以及扩大可靠且负担得起的能源获取的重要性。
The IEA said the crisis highlighted the importance of diversifying energy supplies, strengthening regional energy links and expanding access to reliable and affordable energy.