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特朗普官员将错过其疫苗建议截止期限Trump Officials to Miss His Vaccine Recommendation Deadline

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西雅图,一名婴儿正在接种第一剂疫苗。摄影:David Ryder/Getty ImagesA baby receives the first dose of a vaccine in Seattle. Photographer: David Ryder/Getty Images

特朗普政府卫生官员预计将错过总统设定的最后期限,即要求他们在周日前提交关于儿童疫苗接种的新建议,知情人士透露了这一消息。

Trump administration health officials are expected to miss the president’s deadline requiring they deliver new recommendations for childhood vaccinations by Sunday, according to people familiar with the matter.

总统唐纳德·特朗普8月与卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪共同签署了一项行政命令,指示卫生官员在90天内制定一份计划,将麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹三联疫苗拆分为单独的疫苗。该命令还要求卫生官员提交计划,以评估儿童疫苗的“理想接种时间”,开发某些疫苗中铝佐剂的替代品,并改进安全监测。

President Donald Trump signed an executive order in August alongside Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. that directed health officials to produce a plan within 90 days to split the combined measles, mumps and rubella immunization into separate shots. The order also asks that health officials submit plans to evaluate “the ideal timing” of childhood vaccines, develop alternatives to aluminum in some shots and improve safety monitoring.

知情人士透露,卫生与公众服务部已向白宫提交了该计划的草案,这些人未获授权公开讨论内部商议。肯尼迪在签署行政命令时曾明确承诺将在11月8日前提交计划。

The Department of Health and Human Services has submitted a draft of the plan to the White House, according to people familiar with the matter who were not authorized to publicly discuss internal deliberations. Kennedy had unequivocally promised plans by Nov. 8 during theg of the executive order.

“我们将尽快为您带来行动和调查结果,”肯尼迪当时表示。“我们不会等满90天。而在90天内,正如您所指示的,我们将提交该行政命令要求的完整回复。”一位HHS发言人表示,该机构正在积极落实特朗普总统的命令。“HHS更安全儿童疫苗工作组正在努力加强疫苗安全研究,提高透明度,并为美国家庭扩大选择范围。这项工作需要严谨的科学审查,HHS仍致力于通过金标准科学和知情父母选择来推进总统的优先事项,”该HHS发言人表示。MMR疫苗由默克公司和葛兰素史克公司生产。

“We will bring you actions and findings as soon as they are ready,” Kennedy said at the time. “We will not wait for the 90 day period. And within 90 days, as you have directed, we will deliver the full response required by this executive order.”An HHS spokesperson said the agency is actively implementing President Trump’s order. “The HHS Task Force on Safer Childhood Vaccines is working to strengthen vaccine safety research, improve transparency, and expand options for American families. This work requires careful scientific review, and HHS remains committed to advancing the president’s priorities through gold standard science and informed parental choice,” the HHS spokesperson said.

建议之所以迟迟未出台,正值美国遭遇数十年来最大规模的麻疹疫情,该国长期保持的“消除状态”也面临威胁。下周,泛美卫生组织将召开会议,正式裁定美国是否已出现超过12个月的持续传播——一旦如此,美国将失去消除状态,这也意味着该国未能控制住这种高度传染性疾病。尽管没有哪种疫苗是完美的,但两剂麻腮风疫苗被认为在预防该疾病方面有97%的有效性。

MMR vaccines are manufactured by Merck & Co. Inc. and GSK Plc.

截至11月6日,美国疾病控制与预防中心已在45个州记录到5182例病例。宾夕法尼亚州感染人数最多,已确认六例与麻疹相关的死亡病例。11月2日,纽约州报告了三十年来首例麻疹死亡病例。三天后,威斯康星州宣布一名婴儿死亡,为该州首例。在肯尼迪质疑宾夕法尼亚州首批死亡病例的真实性、并因此与州长乔什·夏皮罗爆发政治争执后,联邦政府尚未确认全部死亡病例。疾控中心正与一组流行病学家合作,以确定麻疹死亡病例的全国统一定义。

The delay in recommendations comes amid the largest outbreak of measles the country has seen in decades and a threat to the country’s long-held elimination status. Next week, the Pan American Health Organization will convene to formally determine whether the US has seen continued transmission for more than 12 months, which would trigger the loss of its elimination status and signal the country does not have a handle on the highly contagious disease. While no vaccine is perfect, the MMR shot is considered 97% effective in preventing the disease after two doses.

制定这些计划的特别工作组由最高级别卫生官员组成。依照法律,主管美国最高卫生机构的官员必须在该工作组中占有一席之地。美国国立卫生研究院院长担任工作组主席,成员还包括疾控中心主任和食品药品监督管理局局长。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recorded 5,182 cases across 45 states as of Nov. 6. Pennsylvania has the highest number of infections and has confirmed six measles-associated deaths. On Nov. 2, New York reported its first measles fatality in three decades. Three days later, Wisconsin announced its first fatality in an infant. The federal government has yet to acknowledge all of the deaths after Kennedy called into question the legitimacy of the first deaths in Pennsylvania, sparking a political fight with Governor Josh Shapiro. The CDC is working with a group of epidemiologists to determine a national definition of a measles death.

肯尼迪、特朗普即将上任的白宫办公厅主任斯蒂芬·米勒,以及总统提名出任FDA局长、尚待确认的海蒂·奥弗顿,与特朗普一同出现在行政令签署活动上。

Top health officials sit on the task force making the plans. By law, officials leading the top US health agencies must have a seat in the group. The director of the National Institutes of Health chairs the group, which also includes the CDC director and the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. Kennedy, Trump’s incoming chief of staff Stephen Miller and the president’s pending nominee to be FDA commissioner, Heidi Overton, appeared alongside Trump at the executive orderg.

所需计划是特朗普和肯尼迪为削减国家儿童疫苗接种计划所做的一系列尝试中的最新一步,此前他们在1月份发布了一份总统备忘录,并在5月份发布了一项行政命令,旨在使美国的疫苗接种计划与建议接种疫苗数量较少的国家保持一致。该卫生机构在8月份就改变疫苗推荐类别征求了公众意见。

The required plan is the latest step in a series of attempts by Trump and Kennedy to pare down the nation’s childhood vaccine schedule, following a presidential memorandum in January and a May executive order that sought to align US shot schedules with countries that recommend fewer immunizations. The health agency in August solicited public comment on changing the categories of vaccine recommendations.

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