凯文·弗雷金 华盛顿报道 —— 众议院民主党领袖在讨论新一届国会于1月3日宣誓就职后的当务之急时，将医疗保健置于早期优先位置。
KEVIN FREKING WASHINGTON — House Democratic leaders are placing an early emphasis on healthcare as they discuss their immediate priorities upon the swearing-in of the new Congress on Jan. 3.
预计明年众议院的早期表决将聚焦于加强医疗补助（Medicaid）计划，并恢复一项旨在降低数百万参保人《平价医疗法案》（Affordable Care Act）健康保险计划费用的增强版税收补贴。
Early votes in the House next year are expected to focus on boosting Medicaid and restoring an enhanced tax subsidy that is designed to lower the cost of Affordable Care Act health plans for millions of enrollees .
民主党人还承诺将迅速采取立法行动，制止与伊朗的战争，并撤销唐纳德·特朗普总统的部分贸易关税。
Democrats are also promising swift action on legislation to stop the war with Iran and to reverse some of President Donald Trump’s trade tariffs .
“我们将迅速起步，”纽约州众议员哈基姆·杰弗里斯表示，他是民主党领袖，有望成为下一任众议院议长。
“We’re going to get out of the gate fast,” said New York Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, the Democratic leader who is in line to become the next House speaker .
这波立法攻势对民主党至关重要，因为他们试图将中期选举的压倒性胜利——他们在435个众议院席位中将拥有超过250席——转化为兑现降低生活成本承诺的成果。
The legislative flurry carries enormous stakes for Democrats as they seek to translate their sweeping victories in the midterms — their numbers will exceed 250 in the 435-member House — into achievements that deliver on their promises to lower the cost of living.
凭借如此庞大的民主党众议院多数优势，通过这些法案应该不成问题。但要让它们签署成法，肯定困难重重。
Passing those bills should not be a problem with such a large Democratic House majority . Getting them signed into law most certainly could be.
参议院60票的门槛摆在立法面前，总统潜在的否决权也是如此。特朗普在大选之夜在其社交媒体网站上发布了一张红色帽子的照片，上面写着简单的一句话：“否决（VETO）”。
A 60-vote threshold in the Senate looms for the legislation, as does a potential presidential veto. Trump on election night posted a photo on his social media site of a red hat with a simple message on it: “VETO”.
杰弗里斯表示，在完成这些早期表决后，五个工作组正在制定计划，推出法案以降低住房、能源、食品杂货和护理等领域的成本。
Following those early votes, Jeffries said five working groups are developing plans to put forward bills that would lower costs in areas such as housing, energy, groceries and caregiving.
加利福尼亚州民主党籍众议员泰德·刘表示，民主党届时将着手处理涉及人工智能和数据中心的立法。他是一个正在起草文件的立法者小组成员，该文件将列出一些供杰弗里斯参考的优先事项。
Rep. Ted Lieu, D-Calif., said Democrats will at some point take up legislation dealing with artificial intelligence and data centers. He is part of a group of lawmakers working on a document that will lay out some of the priorities for Jeffries to consider.
“众议院共和党人去年做出了一个有意识的决定，让人工智能行业野蛮生长，这在政治上是一个糟糕的决定，在政策上也是一个糟糕的决定，”刘云平说。“下一届会有两件事会改变。我们将就人工智能举行公开听证会。我们将通过立法，为人工智能设立合理的护栏，特别是针对数据中心。”民主党人正试图扭转医疗补助（Medicaid）的变革，预计这些变革将在十年内从该计划中削减超过9000亿美元。
“House Republicans last year made a conscious decision to let the AI industry run wild, and that was a bad decision politically and a bad decision on policy,” Lieu said. “Two things will change next term. We will hold public hearings on AI. We will pass legislation, reasonable guardrails on AI, and specifically data centers.”Democrats are trying to reverse Medicaid changes that are expected to cut more than $900 billion from the program over a decade.
共和党批准的削减有助于抵消特朗普去年签署成为法律的大规模减税和削减开支法案的部分成本。该法案中的医疗补助变革施加了新的行政要求，并增加了资格条件，包括工作要求。
The Republican-approved cuts helped offset some of the costs of Trump’s big tax and spending cut bill that was signed into law last year. The Medicaid changes in the bill imposed new administrative requirements and added conditions for eligibility, including work requirements.
其中一些最实质性的变革尚未生效。尽管如此，根据健康政策研究和新闻组织KFF的数据，自2025年7月该法案签署成为法律以来，医疗补助的参保人数已下降约500万，降幅约7%。
Some of the most substantial changes have yet to take effect. Still, enrollment in Medicaid has dropped by about 5 million, or about 7% since July 2025, when the bill was signed into law, according to KFF, a health policy research and news organization.
扭转这些削减可能需要特朗普和共和党人放弃他们在其标志性减税法案中为削减福利开支而艰难争取的变革。这不太可能实现。
Reversing those cuts would likely require Trump and the Republicans to abandon the hard-fought changes they made to cut entitlement spending in their signature tax bill. It’s an unlikely proposition.
延长《平价医疗法案》（ACA）计划某些参保人增强版税收补贴的努力也在本届国会进行过辩论和表决。该措施在众议院获得部分共和党人支持并通过，但在参议院陷入停滞。
The effort to extend enhanced tax subsidies for certain enrollees in ACA plans has also been debated and voted on in the current Congress. The measure passed the House with some Republican support but stalled in the Senate.
此外还进行了多次关于伊朗的战争权力表决——参议院14次，众议院6次。
There also have been numerous war powers votes regarding Iran — 14 in the Senate and six in the House.
参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩（John Thune，共和党-南达科他州）在大选前表示，下届国会出现民主党多数将意味着“两年的瘫痪”。“我认为这对任何人都没有好处，”图恩说。
Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., said going into the election that a Democratic majority in the next Congress would amount to “two years of paralysis.”“I don’t think that’s good for anybody,” Thune said.
但来自纽约的民主党领袖查克·舒默（Chuck Schumer）坚持认为，无论有没有共和党总统的帮助，民主党都将推进其议程。
But Democratic leader Chuck Schumer of New York is insisting that Democrats will push their agenda with or without the Republican president’s help.
“如果他否决，将暴露分歧。尽管我们不想关门，但当我们因医保问题关闭政府一个月时，民众知道我们站在他们这边，”舒默在接受《纽约时报》播客节目《The Daily》采访时表示。
“If he vetoes it, it will show the divisions. As much as we didn’t want to shut down, when we shut down the government for a month over healthcare , people knew we were on their side,” Schumer said in an interview with The New York Times’ podcast “The Daily.”
舒默表示，他认为民主党能争取到一些共和党人的支持，恢复《平价医疗法案》（ACA）计划的增强补贴。当被问及是否听到共和党人表达出愿与他合作立法的意愿时，他回答：“他们从不表态那么明确，但是的，我在某些问题上确实看到了初步迹象，并非在所有问题上。” 尽管尚不确定任何早期优先法案能否最终通过，但国会的表决将有助于界定选民在2028年总统大选中将面临的选择。
Schumer said he believes Democrats can gain some Republican votes on restoring the enhanced subsidies for ACA plans. When asked if he was hearing from Republicans expressing a willingness to work with him on legislation, he replied: “They’re never so definitive but, yes, I am getting initial signs that way on certain issues, not on every issue.”While the prospects for getting any of the early priority bills over the finish line are uncertain, the votes in Congress will help frame the choices voters will face during a presidential election in 2028.
进步团体认为杰弗里斯概述的议程是一个良好的早期开端，但他们对本届国会的民主党寄予更高期望。
Progressive groups call the agenda outlined by Jeffries a good early start, but they have much greater expectations for Democrats this Congress.
“如果参众两院团结一致，而唐纳德·特朗普横在中间阻挠，那将为2028年掀起另一场海啸般的选举胜利奠定基础，”进步变革竞选委员会联合创始人亚当·格林表示，该组织是一个支持进步派候选人和政策的民主党盟友团体。
“It’s perfectly fine if the Senate and the House are unified and Donald Trump is standing in the way because that sets up another tidal wave election in 2028,” said Adam Green, co-founder of the Progressive Change Campaign Committee, a Democratic-aligned group that backs progressive candidates and policies.
与此同时，他说舒默不能满足于让法案因60票门槛而在参议院夭折。
At the same time, he said Schumer cannot be content to let bills die in the Senate because of the 60-vote threshold.
“这将要求民主党废除冗长辩论，”格林说。“毫无疑问。”他表示存在差距，因为共和党的首要优先事项——减税和最高法院大法官提名——只需简单多数即可通过。但民主党的首要优先事项需要60票才能克服冗长辩论。
“It will require the Democrats to get rid of the filibuster,” Green said. “There’s no doubt about it.”He said there’s a disparity because Republicans’ top priorities — tax cuts and Supreme Court justices — can get through with simple majorities. But the Democratic Party’s top priorities require 60 votes to overcome a filibuster.
“唯一的问题是，美国公众是否足够信任民主党，继续赋予我们更多权力，还是说本周的收获将因我们无所作为而逐渐消失？这就是为什么冗长辩论是一个关乎门槛的根本问题，”格林说。
“The only question is will the American public trust Democrats enough to keep giving us more power or will this week’s gains whittle away because we do nothing? That’s why the filibuster is a threshold question,” Green said.
舒默本周在接受美联社采访时，拒绝透露他是否会尝试废除冗长辩论制度。
Schumer in an interview with The Associated Press this week would not say whether he would try and eliminate the filibuster.
“重点必须放在把事情办成，”舒默说。“我只想说这些。” 在致国会进步核心小组成员的备忘录中，众议员格雷格·卡萨尔（民主党-得克萨斯州）表示，民主党还需要瞄准他所谓的“政府之外的强大势力”。他列举的例子包括：企业利用美国人的私人数据，根据消费者的个人数据调整定价；以及他所说的将就业和生命置于风险之中的 AI 公司。
“The focus has got to be on getting things done,” Schumer said. “That’s all I am saying.”In a memo to fellow members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, Rep. Greg Casar, D-Texas, said Democrats also need to target what he called “powerful forces outside of government.”Examples he cited were corporations using Americans’ private data to adjust their pricing based on a consumer’s personal data and AI companies that he says are putting jobs and lives at risk.
“通过不仅关注特朗普政府，还关注大企业和亿万富翁，我们将向美国人民表明，我们不仅是反特朗普，也是亲工人、亲消费者的，”卡萨尔说。
“By focusing not just on the Trump administration but also on big corporations and billionaires, we will show the American people we are not just anti-Trump but also pro-worker and pro-consumer,” Casar said.