法国的抗议运动几乎没有减弱的迹象，距离中学生最初为抗议教室破败而罢课已近两个月。
France’s protest movement is showing little sign of easing, nearly two months after high school students first walked out over crumbling classrooms.
内政部的数据显示，周六全国各地有14.6万人集会，其中巴黎有4.6万人；而工会给出的数字则分别为25万人和7.5万人。
Saturday 146,000 people rallied across the country, including 46,000 in Paris, according to the Ministry of the Interior, while unions put the figures at 250,000 and 75,000.
尽管参与人数比前几周有所下降，但在巴黎，警察对抗议者使用了催泪瓦斯和警棍；在法国第三大城市里昂市中心，警察向堵路的数百人发射了催泪瓦斯罐。此前几天，估计有5.75万人参加了工会组织的集会，当局部署了大约7万名安保人员。
Turnout was down from previous weeks, but police used tear gas and batons on protesters in Paris and fired tear gas canisters at hundreds of people blocking a road in central Lyon, France’s third-largest city. About 70,000 security personnel were deployed, days after an estimated 575,000 people joined a union-organised rally.
抗议活动已扩大到涵盖一系列问题，从高昂的燃料价格到工资和保障性住房，某些情况下，游行示威还因掠夺和暴力活动而遭到破坏。警察被指控使用过度武力，对示威者使用了路障、催泪瓦斯和警棍。
The protests have expanded to cover a range of issues, from high fuel prices to wages and social housing, and in some cases, the demonstrations have been marred by looting and violence. Police have been accused of using excessive force, with officers using barricades, tear gas and batons against protesters.
半岛电视台绘制了欧洲各地示威活动（包括骚乱）发生地点的地图。
Al Jazeera maps where demonstrations, including riots, have taken place across Europe.
示威活动始于法国。对武装冲突地点与事件数据项目（ACLED）数据的分析发现，9月15日至10月30日期间，法国各地发生了1200多起有100人或以上规模、围绕教育、公共服务和生活成本展开的抗议和骚乱。
Demonstrations began in France alysis of data from Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) found that between September 15 and October 30, more than 1,200 protests and riots of 100 or more people took place across France over education, public services and the cost of living. The movement began in mid-September in high schools, where students complained of overcrowded classrooms, a lack of teachers and crumbling buildings.
这场运动于9月中旬发端于各所高中，当时学生们抱怨教室过度拥挤、缺乏教师以及建筑破败。它很快扩大为反对生活成本上升的抗议活动，吸引了工会和“黄马巾”运动的加入，其间伴随着骚乱和打砸抢掠。
It soon broadened into protests against the rising cost of living, drawing in trade unions and the “yellow vests” movement, with rioting and looting on the sidelines. On October 17 alone, more than 500,000 people protested nationwide, according to government estimates.
根据政府估计，仅在10月17日一天，全国就有50多万人参与抗议。
A vandalised car near the Marianne statue at the Place de la Republique, with a yellow vest placed on it, the day after clashes during nationwide demonstrations against the cost-of-living crisis and rising fuel prices, in Paris, France, October 18, 2026 [Abdul Saboor/Reuters] ACLED CEO Clionadh Raleigh said on October 19 that ACLED had recorded an average of 20.5 demonstrations a day in France over the past five years.
一辆被破坏的汽车停在巴黎共和国广场的玛丽安娜雕像附近，车上放着一件黄马甲，这是在全国范围内针对生活成本危机和燃油价格上涨的示威活动发生冲突的第二天，2026年10月18日摄于法国巴黎 [Abdul Saboor/路透] ACLED首席执行官克里奥娜·罗利(Clionadh Raleigh)于10月19日表示，ACLED记录显示，过去五年法国平均每天发生20.5起示威活动。“在当前的抗议周期中，这一数字跃升至每天近66起，是常态的三倍多，”她说。
“During the current protest cycle, that has jumped to almost 66 a day, more than three times the usual rate,” she said. Protest cycles typically last about 20 days, or 36 for major movements, Raleigh said.
罗利表示，抗议周期通常持续约20天，重大运动约持续36天。据ACLED统计，本轮抗议已持续45天，且仍在继续。
By ACLED’s count, this one had reached 45 days and was still going. “But the most striking difference is the level of confrontation,” she said.
“但最显著的差异在于对抗程度，”她说。“近四分之一的事件，即24.2%，被归类为骚乱，而以往周期的中位数仅为1.9%。只有2023年纳埃尔·梅尔祖克(Nahel Merzouk)死亡引发的动荡记录了更高的比例。”警方的应对也招致批评。10月28日，受人权理事会授权的四位联合国专家对法国当局驱散学生抗议时“过度使用武力”表示震惊。
“Almost a quarter of events, 24.2 percent, have been classified as riots, compared to a median of just 1.9 percent in previous cycles. Only the unrest following the death of Nahel Merzouk in 2023 recorded a higher proportion.”The police response has also drawn criticism. On October 28, four United Nations experts mandated by the Human Rights Council expressed alarm at the “excessive use of force” by French authorities in dispersing the student protests.
一名警察在法国雷恩针对生活成本上涨的示威活动中向抗议者投掷催泪弹，2026年10月24日摄 [Jeremias Gonzalez/美联社照片]“逮捕和拘留的规模，涉及数千人，主要是未成年人，似乎不成比例，并阻碍示威者行使表达自由和和平集会的自由，”他们在一份声明中说。在北部城市里尔，一名青少年在学生抗议者与警察发生冲突时，因手榴弹爆炸失去了一只手。
A police officer throws a tear gas canister at a protester during a demonstration against rising living costs in Rennes, France, October 24, 2026 [Jeremias Gonzalez/AP Photo]“The scale of the arrests and detention, affecting several thousand people, mainly minors, appears disproportionate and deters demonstrators from exercising their freedoms of expression and peaceful assembly,” they said in a statement In the northern city of Lille, a teenager lost a hand when a grenade exploded as school protesters clashed with police. Protests across Europe France is not protesting alone.
欧洲各地抗议 法国并非孤军奋战。自9月中旬以来，针对生活成本上涨、工资过低和公共服务缺乏的示威活动已在葡萄牙至波兰等30个其他欧洲国家爆发。
Since mid-September, demonstrations over rising living costs, low wages and a lack of public services have broken out in 30 other European countries, from Portugal to Poland. Between September 15 and October 30, more than 1,700 protests and riots of 100 or more people took place across Europe, according to an analysis of ACLED data.
根据武装冲突地点和事件数据项目（ACLED）数据的分析，9月15日至10月30日期间，欧洲各地发生了1700多起规模在100人及以上的抗议和骚乱。
Although protests in other countries did not reach the same scale as the rallies in France, they may be a sign of discontent spilling over, Alberto Alemanno, professor of European Union law and policy at HEC Paris Business School, told Al Jazeera last month.
巴黎高等商学院欧盟法律与政策教授阿尔贝托·阿勒马诺（Alberto Alemanno）上个月对半岛电视台表示，尽管其他国家的抗议活动没有达到法国集会的规模，但它们可能是不满情绪外溢的迹象。
“France is the epicentre of this movement … and there are signs now that this is spreading beyond France,” Alemanno said.
阿勒马诺说：“法国是这场运动的震中……而现在有迹象表明，这正在向法国以外蔓延。”哪个国家的抗议活动最多？
Which country has had the most protests?
法国的示威活动最多，但在教育经费不足、生活成本上升和住房难以负担这一共同线索的驱使下，欧洲各地也同时爆发了抗议活动。
France has led the demonstrations, but protests have also broken out across Europe at the same time, driven by a common thread of underfunded education, rising living costs and unaffordable housing.
根据对ACLED数据的分析，9月15日至10月30日期间，法国发生了1200多起抗议和骚乱，其次是西班牙（173起）、意大利（160起）、德国（70起）和葡萄牙（33起）。
According to an analysis of ACLED data, France saw more than 1,200 protests and riots between September 15 and October 30, followed by Spain (173), Italy (160), Germany (70) and Portugal (33).
2026年10月17日，在米兰，示威者在“广场上的意大利”运动组织的反政府抗议活动中与警察发生冲突。受法国和西班牙抗议活动的启发，示威者抗议生活成本上升、工资低、房租高以及公共服务缺陷，要求改善生活和工作条件【皮耶罗·克鲁恰蒂/法新社】 在西班牙，议会于10月2日否决了两项紧急住房法令，对首相佩德罗·桑切斯（Pedro Sanchez）的少数派政府造成打击后，数万人在10月初举行了集会。
Demonstrators clash with police during an antigovernment protest organised by the Italia in Piazza movement, in Milan, October 17, 2026. Inspired by protests in France and Spain, demonstrators protested against the rising cost of living, low wages, high rents and public service shortcomings, demanding better living and working conditions [Piero Cruciatti/AFP] In Spain, tens of thousands of people rallied in early October after parliament rejected two emergency housing decrees on October 2, dealing a blow to Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez’s minority government.
在意大利，围绕生活成本危机和住房难以负担的示威活动引发了与警察的冲突。
In Italy, demonstrations over the cost-of-living crisis and unaffordable housing have led to clashes with police.
在葡萄牙，数万名抗议者游行抗议生活成本危机、低工资以及在大城市无法获得住房。
In Portugal, tens of thousands of protesters marched against the cost-of-living crisis, low wages and an inability to access housing in major cities.