从质疑提前投票的数据，到归咎于机器，在美国共和党人在中期选举中惨败后，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普再次对美国选举产生怀疑。然而这一次，他的指控忽略了一个关键事实。纸质选票而非机器，依然是美国最主要的投票方式。
From questioning early-voting numbers to blaming machines, US President Donald Trump is once again casting doubt on American elections after the Republicans were routed in the midterms. This time, however, his allegations overlook a key fact. Paper ballots, not machines, remain the dominant method of voting in the US.
在共和党人在美国中期选举中惨败几天后，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普现在将该党在11月3日之后遭遇的灾难性选举失利归咎于“选民机器”。但特朗普在没有提供任何可信证据的情况下提出的指控，有一个显而易见的问题——大多数美国选民都是用纸质选票来行使投票权的。
Days after the Republicans were routed in the US midterm elections, American President Donald Trump is now blaming "voter machines" for the catastrophic electoral losses suffered by the party post November 3. But Trump's accusations, given without any credible evidence, has one glaring issue — most of the American electorate uses paper ballots to exercise their right to vote.
11月9日（美国时间），美国总统在其精品社交媒体平台TruthSocial上发帖声称：“难道真的有人相信这次‘选举’是诚实的吗。民调怎么会错得这么离谱？？？一些提前投票的‘票数倾倒’太大了，无论有多少人去投票，都不可能赢。”
In a post on his boutique social media platform, TruthSocial, on November 9 (US time), the US President alleged that, "Does anybody really believe that this 'Election' was honest. How could the Polls be so wrong??? Some early voting 'dumps' were so large that it was impossible to win, no matter how many people went to vote."
他接着补充道：“这一切都与机器有关，机器比选民重要得多！总统DJT”。他没有提供任何证据来支持自己的指控。新闻媒体《今日美国》随后援引特朗普周一向记者的话称：“我认为就这些提前投票而言，数据糟透了。”民主党在近期的选举中，在提前投票或邮寄投票的得票率上明显优于共和党，而共和党往往在选举日投票中表现更好。
He goes on to add, "It's all about the machines, which are far more important than the voter! President DJT". He did not offer any evidence to back up his accusations. The news outlet, USA Today, later quoted Trump as telling reporters on Monday, "I think the numbers were terrible in terms of those early votes." Democrats have outperformed Republicans significantly in recent elections with votes cast early or by mail, while Republicans tend to do better in Election Day voting."
这绝不是特朗普第一次将自己或其政党在选举中的失败归咎于选举舞弊或选民欺诈。最引人注目的是，在2020年总统选举中输给乔·拜登后，特朗普一再提出关于普遍存在选民欺诈的无根据说法，并试图推翻选举结果。这些说法最终导致其MAGA支持者于2021年1月6日冲击了美国国会大厦。
This is hardly the first time Trump has blamed electoral malpractice or voter fraud for an election defeat suffered by him or his party. Most notably, after losing the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden, Trump repeatedly made baseless claims of widespread voter fraud and sought to overturn the results. These claims culminated in his MAGA supporters storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021.
他最近的指控也标志着他从选举刚结束后的立场发生了转变。在11月3日中期选举刚刚结束时，特朗普曾告诉《纽约时报》，他“绝对愿意”接受结果，并准备与民主党合作。
His latest allegations also mark a shift from his immediate post-election stance. In the immediate aftermath of the November 3 midterms, Trump had told The New York Times that he was "absolutely willing" to accept the results and was prepared to work with Democrats.
然而，他将焦点放在投票机上，却忽视了纸质选票依然是美国选举核心的事实。大多数美国人要么亲手标记纸质选票，要么使用生成纸质记录的电子标票设备。以电子方式记录选票的直接记录式电子机器，被一小得多的选民群体所使用。纸质选票是美国人民投票方式的核心部分与印度由中央机构即印度选举委员会（ECI）组织选举不同，美国缺乏统一的全国性电子投票系统。
Yet his focus on voting machines overlooks the fact that paper ballots remain central to the US electoral process. Most Americans either mark paper ballots by hand or use electronic ballot-marking devices that produce paper records. Direct-recording electronic machines, which record votes electronically, are used by a much smaller share of voters. PAPER BALLOTS ARE A CENTRAL PART OF HOW THE AMERICAN PEOPLE VOTE Unlike India, where elections are conducted by a centralised body, that is the Election Commission India (ECI), the US lacks a uniform nationwide electronic voting system.
美国的选举由州和地方当局管理，这意味着投票和计票方法以及设备因管辖区而异。美国人可以在选举日亲自投票，或在提前投票期间投票，通常是通过邮寄选票。
Elections in America are administered by state and local authorities, meaning voting and counting methods and equipment vary across jurisdictions. Americans can vote in person on election day or cast ballots during early voting periods, usually through mail-in ballots.
但尽管方法可能有所不同，绝大多数美国选民都是使用纸质选票来行使投票权的。
But while methods can vary, the vast majority of the American electoral uses paper ballots to exercise their right to vote.
根据欧洲安全与合作组织（欧安组织）的数据，2024年总统选举中，约70%的选民生活在使用手填纸质选票的管辖区，这些选票通常由电子光学扫描仪进行计票。
According to the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), around 70% of voters in the 2024 presidential election lived in jurisdictions where hand-marked paper ballots were used, generally counted by electronic optical scanners.
另有25%的选民生活在使用标票设备（BMD）的管辖区，选民在电子屏幕上选择候选人，但会收到打印的纸质选票。其余5%的选民所在的管辖区使用直接记录式电子（DRE）机器，该机器以电子方式记录选票，类似于印度的电子投票机（EVM）。
Another 25% lived in jurisdictions using ballot-marking devices (BMDs), where voters select candidates on electronic screens but receive printed paper ballots. The remaining 5% were in jurisdictions using direct-recording electronic (DRE) machines, which record votes electronically, similar to India's Electronic Voter Machines (EVMs).
美国选举援助委员会（EAC）进一步报告称，2024年超过98%的选举管辖区使用的设备，要么要求选民标记纸质选票，要么生成可审计的纸质记录。电子扫描仪通常用于清点这些纸质选票，选举官员在需要时进行审计和重新计票。
The US Election Assistance Commission (EAC) further reported that more than 98% of election jurisdictions in 2024 used equipment that either required voters to mark paper ballots or produced an auditable paper record. Electronic scanners are commonly used to count these paper ballots, with election officials conducting audits and recounts where required.
2026年11月3日的中期选举遵循了相同的去中心化系统，各州和地方当局负责监督投票和计票。尽管2026年选举中使用的投票设备的全国范围内详细分类尚不可用，但2024年的调查结果表明，纸质选票依然是最常见的投票方式。
The November 3, 2026, midterm elections followed the same decentralised system, with states and local authorities overseeing voting and counting. While a comprehensive nationwide breakdown of the voting equipment used in the 2026 elections is not yet available, the findings from 2024 demonstrate that paper ballots remain the most common way of voting.
因此，当考虑到美国人通过纸质选票投票的事实，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普关于“机器”“比选民更重要”并对共和党惨败负责的指控，就显得苍白无力。指控在共和党中期选举惨败后出现唐纳德·特朗普最新试图对美国选举公正性产生怀疑的举动，是在共和党在11月3日中期选举中遭受重大挫折几天后发生的，这次选举被普遍描述为民主党浪潮。
As such, US President Donald Trump's accusation that "machines", which are "more important than voters", was responsible for the Republican rout, holds little water when taking into account the fact that Americans vote via paper ballots. ACCUSATIONS COME AFTER MIDTERM REPUBLICAN ROUT Donald Trump's latest attempt to cast doubt on the integrity of American elections comes days after Republicans suffered a major setback in the November 3 midterm elections, in what has been widely described as a Democratic wave.
在拥有100个席位的美国参议院中，民主党已经获得了至少54个席位，其中包括两个与他们党团会议一致的无党派人士，这使得该党控制了参议院。他们夺回了7个由共和党把持的席位，其中的重大翻盘包括詹姆斯·塔拉里科在得克萨斯州的胜利、亚当·汉密尔顿在堪萨斯州的获胜，以及特罗伊·杰克逊在缅因州击败长期担任共和党参议员的苏珊·柯林斯。民主党还在俄亥俄州、艾奥瓦州、北卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州夺取了席位。
In the 100-member US Senate, Democrats have secured at least 54 seats, including two independents who caucus with them, giving the party control of the chamber. They flipped seven Republican-held seats, with major upsets including James Talarico's victory in Texas, Adam Hamilton's win in Kansas and Troy Jackson's defeat of longtime Republican Senator Susan Collins in Maine. Democrats also flipped seats in Ohio, Iowa, North Carolina and South Carolina.
根据截至11月9日统计的选举结果，民主党在众议院也取得了重大进展，在其435个席位中赢得了254个。该党赢得了五个由共和党把持的州长职位，在得克萨斯州、佐治亚州、俄亥俄州、艾奥瓦州和内华达州获胜。这些胜利包括吉娜·伊诺霍萨在得克萨斯州击败现任州长格雷格·阿博特，以及凯莎·兰斯·博托斯在佐治亚州成为美国首位当选州长的黑人女性。
Democrats also made significant gains in the House of Representatives, winning 254 of its 435 seats, according to results called by November 9. The party flipped five Republican-held governorships, winning in Texas, Georgia, Ohio, Iowa and Nevada. The victories included Gina Hinojosa's defeat of incumbent Greg Abbott in Texas and Keisha Lance Bottoms becoming the first Black woman elected governor in the US, in Georgia.