耶路撒冷——在美国中期选举当天，特朗普总统告诉福克斯新闻，他将削减40亿美元对以色列的援助，许多以色列人陷入恐慌。数十年来，以色列一直是美国军事援助的最大接收国之一。
JERUSALEM — On the day of the U.S. midterm elections, when President Trump told Fox News he is cutting $4 billion in U.S. aid to Israel, many Israelis panicked. Israel has been one of the biggest recipients of U.S. military aid for decades.
“对我们来说，美国是我们最大的朋友之一。所以当一位总统说出这样的话，简直是当头一棒！”耶路撒冷临床心理学家亚尔·维劳赫（Yair Wairauch，36岁）说。当地媒体称，特朗普的“重磅”公告也让该国国防部和财政部措手不及。
"For us, the U.S. is one of our biggest friends. So when a president says something like that, it's a slap in the face!" says Yair Wairauch, 36, a clinical psychologist in Jerusalem. Local media say Trump's "bombshell" announcement also caught the country's defense and finance ministries by surprise.
与此同时，反对美国对以色列军事援助的美国选民和候选人欢迎特朗普的这一举动。密歇根州参议员当选人、民主党人阿卜杜勒·埃尔赛义德（Abdul El-Sayed）——他指责以色列犯下种族灭绝和种族隔离罪，以色列否认这些指控——告诉美国全国公共广播电台（NPR），他认为总统在这项政策上“实际上是对的”。但国防专家和前政府官员表示，美国对以色列的援助不会消失，只是形式在改变。
Meanwhile, U.S. voters and candidates who oppose U.S. military aid to Israel celebrated Trump's move. Democrat Abdul El-Sayed, the senator-elect from Michigan — who accuses Israel of genocide and apartheid, charges Israel denies — told NPR he thinks the president is "actually right on this policy." But defense experts and former government officials say U.S. aid to Israel is not going away. It's just changing shape.
特朗普和内塔尼亚胡已经就此事合作数月。去年5月，以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡在CBS《60分钟》节目中发表了与特朗普选举日言论类似的言论。
Trump and Netanyahu have been working on this for months Last May, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said something similar to Trump's Election Day comment on CBS' 60 Minutes.
“我希望将美国的财政支持，即我们军事合作中的财政部分，降至零，因为我们每年获得38亿美元，”内塔尼亚胡说。“我认为是时候让我们自己戒除依赖了。”这项援助原定于2028年到期，届时奥巴马总统签署的一项为期十年的谅解备忘录将结束。
"I want to draw down to zero the American financial support, the financial component of the military cooperation we have, because we receive $3.8 billion dollars a year," Netanyahu said. "I think it's time we weaned ourselves." This aid was already due to expire in 2028, at the end of a ten-year Memorandum of Understanding signed by President Obama.
随着对以色列的批评日益增加，在伊朗和加沙的战争背景下，特拉维夫国家安全研究所美以研究主任阿维沙伊·本-萨松-戈尔迪斯（Avishay Ben-Sasson-Gordis）表示，内塔尼亚胡可能希望预先避免续签该援助计划时出现任何困难。
With criticism of Israel growing, amid the wars in Iran and Gaza, Netanyahu may have wanted to pre-empt any difficulty renewing that aid package, says Avishay Ben-Sasson-Gordis, head of U.S.-Israel research at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv.
“总理认为，与其让以色列被告知无法获得这种程度的外国军事资助，不如由以色列自主放弃，”他说。
"The prime minister believes it's better that, instead of Israel being told it can't get this degree of foreign military funding, it is giving it up of its own volition," he says.
与其失去美国的军事支持，“以色列的定义是，我们正从援助转向伙伴关系，”本-萨松-戈尔迪斯补充道。
Instead of losing U.S. military support, "the way Israel defines it, we're going from aid to partnership," Ben-Sasson-Gordis adds.
将美国对以色列的援助从国务院转移到国防部数月来，美国和以色列官员一直在就一项计划进行谈判，该计划旨在将美国对以色列的援助从国务院转移到国防部。这将整合以色列和美国国防工业的部分领域，并促进新的联合项目。
Switching U.S. aid to Israel from the State Department to the Pentagon For months, U.S. and Israeli officials have been negotiating a plan to shift U.S. aid to Israel from the State Department to the Pentagon. It would integrate parts of the Israeli and American defense industries, and facilitate new joint projects.
“这并不意味着美国和以色列将停止合作。这并不意味着美国将停止资助项目，”特拉维夫国际危机组织高级以色列分析师迈拉夫·宗泽因表示。“这只是将重新包装、重新定义——并且可能不包括同样的国会监督。”如果获批，这一新框架——在2027财年《国防授权法案》（NDAA）中概述——将使美以财务关系成为国防部采购的一部分。未来的联合项目将包括导弹防御、网络安全、生物技术和无人机方面的合作。
"It doesn't mean that the U.S. and Israel are going to stop working together. It doesn't mean the U.S. is going to stop funding things," says Mairav Zonszein, senior Israel analyst at the International Crisis Group, based in Tel Aviv . "It's just going to be repackaged, reframed — and possibly not include the same kind of congressional oversight." If approved, the new framework — outlined in the National Defense Authorization Act, or NDAA, for fiscal year 2027 — would make the U.S.-Israeli financial relationship part of Pentagon procurement. Joint future projects would include collaboration on missile defense, cybersecurity, biotechnology and drones.
支持新安排的美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）表示，该安排包括“比2026财年增加5000万美元”的美国对以色列资助。
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, or AIPAC, which supports the new arrangement, says it includes "a $50 million increase" in U.S. funding for Israel compared to fiscal year 2026.
但大赦国际称这是一项“令人担忧的提案”，存在扩大美国政府对以色列军队可能犯下的国际法违法行为承担法律责任的风险。9月，数十个民权和倡导团体敦促国会废除《国防授权法案》。
But Amnesty International calls it a "troubling proposal" that risks expanding the U.S. government's legal liability for potential violations of international law committed by Israel's military. In September, dozens of civil rights and advocacy groups urged Congress to scrap the NDAA.
批评者指出监督和透明度不足批评者表示，在国防部管辖下，美国对以色列的资助可能面临更少的审查和更低的透明度，而此时美国选民正在更加审视以色列。最近的民调显示，美国人对以色列的好感度已降至历史最低点。副总统JD·万斯将美国与以色列的关系列为共和党人在中期选举中失利的原因之一。
Critics cite less scrutiny, transparency Under the Pentagon, U.S. funding for Israel could face less scrutiny and less transparency, at a time when U.S. voters are scrutinizing Israel more, critics say. Recent polls show American favorability of Israel has dropped to a record low. Vice President JD Vance cited the U.S. relationship with Israel as one of the reasons Republicans lost the midterm elections.
“这不仅能让以色列游说团体保护美国每年提供给以色列的这笔资金，使其免受公众对美国资助以色列支持度下跌的影响，还很可能让其大幅增加这笔资金，”前国务院官员、现任华盛顿昆西研究所研究员安内尔·谢林说。
"This would not only enable the Israel lobby to protect this money that the U.S. sends to Israel each year from the collapse in public support for U.S. funding for Israel, but it would also likely allow it to increase significantly," says Annelle Sheline, a former State Department official who is now a research fellow at the Quincy Institute in Washington D.C.
“因为现在这笔钱只会成为这个庞大且不断膨胀的五角大楼预算的一部分，”谢林说。她于2024年因抗议在加沙战争最激烈时期向以色列运送武器而辞去国务院职务。
"Because now it would just be part of this massive and ballooning Pentagon budget," says Sheline, who quit the State Department in 2024 in protest against arms shipments to Israel at the height of the Gaza war.
在众议院版《国防授权法案》中，第219条规定，美国国防部长将在五角大楼内指定一名“执行代理人”，负责“同步协作努力”，推动美以两军合作。
In the House version of the NDAA bill, Section 219 says the U.S. defense secretary would designate an "executive agent" inside the Pentagon, responsible for "synchronizing cooperative efforts" between the U.S. and Israeli militaries.
“所以这不仅仅是把援助写入法律。这是把一个职位写入法律，其目标是深化和扩大这种关系——许多美国人对这种关系表达了深切担忧，”国际政策中心执行副总裁、参议员伯尼·桑德斯的前外交政策顾问马特·杜斯说。桑德斯曾批评向以色列出售武器。
"So it's more than writing aid into law. It's writing into law a position whose goal is to deepen and expand this relationship — a relationship that many Americans have expressed deep concerns about," says Matt Duss, executive vice president at the Center for International Policy and a former foreign policy adviser to Sen. Bernie Sanders, who has criticized arms sales to Israel.
去年夏天，国会阻止了众议员罗·卡纳（民主党-加利福尼亚州）和托马斯·马西（共和党-肯塔基州）跨党派修正《国防授权法案》第219条（某些版本中称为第224条）的努力。
Last summer, Congress blocked a bipartisan effort by Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif., and Rep. Thomas Massie, R-Ky., to amend Section 219 of the NDAA, which is also called Section 224 in some versions.
7月，众议院通过了《国防授权法案》，但参议院尚未通过其版本。国会需要在12月11日的政府资金截止日期前通过并协调两个版本。
In July, the House passed the NDAA, but the Senate has not yet passed its version. Congress needs to pass and reconcile both before a government funding deadline on Dec. 11.
因此，最终决定权可能掌握在即将离任的跛脚鸭国会手中——而不是新当选的议员手中，后者包含更多批评以色列的人士。
So it will be the outgoing lame duck Congress — rather than newly-elected members, who include more critics of Israel — who may ultimately decide this.