北京11月13日电 - 英伟达表示，美国的出口管制实际上已将其排除在中国的AI数据中心市场之外，但路透社的一项核查发现，有超过30亿美元的中国计算项目围绕这家美国芯片制造商受限制的处理器展开。
BEIJING, Nov 13 - Nvidia has said US export controls have effectively shut it out of China’s AI data-centre market, but a Reuters review has identified more than $3 billion in Chinese computing projects built around the American chipmaker’s restricted processors.
这些项目从中国富裕的沿海科技枢纽延伸至偏远的西部省份，揭示出尽管华盛顿试图遏制北京获取驱动全球人工智能热潮的技术的途径，但对英伟达硬件的持续需求规模依然庞大。
The projects, stretching from China’s wealthy coastal technology hubs to remote western provinces, reveal the scale of continuing demand for Nvidia hardware even as Washington seeks to curb Beijing’s access to the technology powering the global artificial-intelligence boom.
路透社查阅了150多份中国采购公告、投资计划、建设合同和企业披露文件，确认了总报告价值超过230亿元人民币（折合32亿美元）的项目和设备协议。
The Reuters review examined more than 150 Chinese procurement notices, investment plans, construction contracts and corporate disclosures, identifying projects and equipment agreements with a combined reported value exceeding 23 billion yuan ($3.2 billion).
这些调查结果详细描绘了英伟达技术在多大程度上仍然深度嵌入中国的AI扩张中。它们显示，该公司的技术已经超越中国最大的科技公司，延伸至地方政府支持的企业、大学和区域计算中心。
The findings paint a detailed picture of how deeply Nvidia technology remains embedded in China’s AI expansion. They reveal the company’s technology reaches well beyond China’s largest tech firms, into local government-backed ventures, universities and regional computing centres.
这一估算包括计划中的投资、已签署的合同以及已完成的装置。它涵盖了建筑物、电力系统和其他基础设施，并不反映单单在英伟达芯片上的支出。中国商务部和英伟达没有立即回应路透社的置评请求。
The estimate includes planned investments and signed contracts as well as completed installations. It covers buildings, power systems and other infrastructure, and does not reflect spending on Nvidia chips alone.
就在这些调查结果公布的前一天，英伟达联合创始人黄仁勋辞去了首席执行官职务，此前卷入了一场丑闻，其内容涉及他与一名被美国当局怀疑与北京有情报联系的中国女商人的关系。
China’s commerce ministry and Nvidia did not immedietely respond to Reuters request for comment.
黄仁勋是放宽出口限制的直言不讳的倡导者，他去年曾表示，英伟达在中国的市场份额已从95%降至零。该公司还以监管的不确定性为由，将中国数据中心计算收入从其预测中排除。
The findings come a day after Nvidia co-founder Jensen Huang resigned as chief executive amid a scandal over his relationship with a Chinese businesswoman suspected by US authorities of intelligence ties to Beijing.
这并不意味着中国需求已经消失。虽然英伟达的声明针对的是其自身在中国的竞争和直接销售能力，但路透社查阅的文件显示，中国客户仍在继续规划采购，并在某些情况下运营受限制的处理器。
Huang, a vocal advocate of easing export restrictions, said last year Nvidia’s market share in China had fallen from 95% to zero. The company has also excluded China data-centre computing revenue from its forecasts, citing regulatory uncertainty.
华盛顿智库詹姆斯敦基金会分析师张彦(Sunny Cheung)表示，路透社的调查结果印证了他本人对执法力度的看法：“华盛顿必须停止把焦点完全放在表面上谁在购买芯片上，并开始审查究竟是谁在最终使用算力——以及出于何种目的。”
That does not mean Chinese demand has disappeared. While Nvidia’s statements address its own ability to compete and sell directly in China, the documents Reuters reviewed show Chinese customers continuing to plan purchases and, in some cases, operating restricted processors.
管道中的数十亿美元 在中国各地，开发商和机构正在推进价值数十亿美元的AI数据中心项目，这些项目围绕受限制的英伟达H100、H200和H800处理器设计。这些项目从庞大的区域计算中心到改造后的商业场所不等——例如西北部甘肃省的一个设施，该设施预计将在年底前安装数千个英伟达芯片，尽管目前尚不清楚这些处理器是否曾运达。
Sunny Cheung, an analyst at the Washington-based Jamestown Foundation, said Reuters’ findings reinforce his own view on enforcement: "Washington must stop focusing solely on who buys the chips on the surface and start examining who ultimately uses the computing power—and for what purpose." BILLIONS IN THE PIPELINE Across China, developers and institutions are advancing billions of dollars in AI data-centre projects designed around restricted Nvidia H100, H200, and H800 processors. These range from massive regional computing hubs to retrofitted commercial sites - such as a facility in northwestern Gansu province that was expected to install thousands of Nvidia chips before year-end, though it remains unclear if those processors ever arrived.
虽然一些设施已经投入运营或正在建设中，但随着出口管制的收紧，运营商面临着潜在的延误、供应链中断或围绕国产芯片进行昂贵重新设计的风险。
While some facilities are already operational or under construction, operators are exposed to potential delays, supply disruptions, or costly redesigns around domestic chips as export controls tighten.
随着美国议员施压要求实施更严格的管制，黄仁勋的离职可能会削弱英伟达的游说影响力，从而加剧这些脆弱性。
Huang’s departure could deepen these vulnerabilities by weakening Nvidia’s lobbying leverage as US lawmakers press for tighter controls.
华盛顿的困境 华盛顿于2022年开始限制英伟达的高级AI处理器，随后收紧了针对中国开发改良芯片（包括H800）的管制。
WASHINGTON’S DILEMMA Washington began restricting Nvidia’s advanced AI processors in 2022 and subsequently tightened controls on modified chips developed for China, including the H800.
今年1月，特朗普政府采取行动，对符合条件的中国客户的H200出口许可证进行个别审查，并附加条件。
In January, the Trump administration moved to review H200 export licences for eligible Chinese customers individually, subject to conditions.
英伟达8月提交的文件称，其实际上已被排除在中国的数据中心计算市场之外。但路透社10月援引的一份IDC报告估计，在2026年上半年，英伟达仍占中国AI加速器出货量的34%。
Nvidia’s August filing said it was effectively excluded from China’s data-centre computing market. But an IDC report cited by Reuters in October estimated Nvidia still accounted for 34% of Chinese AI-accelerator shipments in the first half of 2026.
这些数据衡量的事项不同，并未确定路透社调查中确认的受限制硬件是如何到达中国用户手中的。
The figures measure different things and do not establish how the restricted hardware identified in the Reuters investigation reached Chinese users.
自黄仁勋于周四辞职以来，审查力度进一步加大。此前，针对前高管爱丽丝·黄（Alice Huang，音译）的指控浮出水面，她曾与总部位于新加坡的英伟达云合作伙伴美佳速（Megaspeed）有关联。
The scrutiny has intensified since Huang’s resignation on Thursday, following allegations involving Alice Huang, a former executive associated with Singapore-based Nvidia cloud partner Megaspeed.
美佳速否认曾将英伟达芯片非法转运至中国。英伟达董事会启动了一项独立调查，称其没有理由相信公司机密或美国国家安全受到损害。目前没有公开的调查结果表明黄仁勋违反了出口管制法律。
Megaspeed has denied illegally diverting Nvidia chips to China. Nvidia’s board launched an independent investigation, saying it had no reason to believe company secrets or US national security were compromised. There has been no public finding that Jensen Huang violated export-control laws.
路透社确认的中国项目尚未与美佳速或涉及黄仁勋的指控建立联系。
The Chinese projects identified by Reuters have not been linked to Megaspeed or the allegations involving Huang.