华盛顿——在英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与一名被怀疑为中国情报来源的商业伙伴发生婚外情后，议员们正要求收紧芯片出口限制，此举可能让英伟达和其他半导体公司损失数十亿美元收入。本周，共和党和民主党的高层表示，希望在一项停滞不前的国防法案中加入三项拟议措施，使向全球出口人工智能芯片变得更加困难。
WASHINGTON—Lawmakers are demanding tighter restrictions on chip exports following Jensen Huang’s affair with a business partner suspected of being a Chinese intelligence source, a push that threatens to cost Nvidia and other semiconductor companies billions of dollars in revenue. Top Republicans and Democrats said this week that they hope to include three proposed measures making it more difficult to send artificial-intelligence chips around the world in a stalled defense package.
正在考虑的措施包括：限制向包括中国在内的敌对国家出口AI芯片的条款；收紧对包括荷兰和日本在内的盟国的管控，使其无法向中国输送芯片制造设备；以及在芯片出口前追踪芯片以确定其位置的努力。
The measures under consideration include provisions restricting exports of AI chips to adversarial nations including China, tightening controls on allied countries including the Netherlands and Japan so they can’t send chip manufacturing equipment to China and efforts to track chips before they are exported to establish their locations.
虽然许多议员在提出法案时都援引了英伟达，但这些提案可能损害包括英伟达竞争对手超威半导体在内的其他芯片公司，甚至波及微软和OpenAI等试图在海外建设数据中心的科技巨头。行业高管表示，这些措施会对任何出口交易产生寒蝉效应，特别是如果强制芯片追踪的规则成为法律。贸易团体称，这将削弱美国公司的竞争力，并让更多全球市场份额落入中国竞争对手手中。
While many lawmakers have invoked Nvidia in proposing the bills, the proposals could hurt other chip companies including Nvidia competitor Advanced Micro Devices and even tech giants like Microsoft and OpenAI that are attempting to build data centers overseas. Industry executives say the measures would have a chilling effect on any export deals, particularly if rules mandating chip tracking become law. That would undermine U.S. companies and cede more of the global market to Chinese competitors, trade groups say.
即使这些法案在跛脚鸭会议期间无法通过，预计将于1月接任关键委员会职务的民主党候选人表示，国会应对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与Alice Huang的关系展开全面调查；后者曾任一家数据中心公司的高管，该公司因涉嫌转移英伟达芯片至中国而接受调查。
Even if the bills don’t pass in the lame-duck session, Democrats who are candidates to take over key committees in January said there should be a full congressional investigation into Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang’s relationship with Alice Huang, who was a top executive at a data-center company being probed for diverting Nvidia chips to China.
这些立法动向显示，英伟达首席执行官的婚外情可能给全球顶尖芯片设计公司及整个行业带来商业后果。
The legislative implications show how the Nvidia CEO’s affair could have business consequences for the world’s top chip designer and the entire industry.
黄仁勋通过与特朗普总统及包括OpenAI在内的顶尖模型开发商建立紧密关系，帮助塑造了整个人工智能行业的政策。随着对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋的丑闻审查不断升级，《华尔街日报》记者Amrith Ramkumar探讨了这一威胁特朗普核心人工智能议程的争议。 作为证据，表明华盛顿需要严厉打击出口漏洞。
纽约州众议员、民主党人Alex Bores最近联合创立了一个倡导团体，推动更强的人工智能监管和出口限制。他说：“希望这是那些主张这一灾难性政策的人的棺材里最后一颗钉子。”
Huang has helped shape policies for the whole AI industry by developing a close relationship with President Trump and top model developers including OpenAI. As scrutiny mounts over Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang’s affair, WSJ’s Amrith Ramkumar explores the controversy that threatens President Trump’s core AI agenda. Photo: Leah Millis/ReutersProponents of export restrictions who have warned of national-security conflicts like those potentially affecting Nvidia are using the episode as evidence that Washington needs to crack down on export loopholes.“Hopefully this is the final nail in the coffin of those who are advocating for this disastrous policy,” said Alex Bores, a Democratic member of the New York Assembly who recently co-founded an advocacy group pushing for stronger AI regulation and export restrictions.
自2022年以来，出口管制一直是关注焦点，当时拜登政府开始限制某些出货，以防止对手国家获取支撑人工智能繁荣的技术。拜登政府推行了一项全球计划，限制各国可购买的芯片数量，该计划后来被特朗普政府废除。
Export controls have been in focus since 2022, when the Biden administration began restricting certain shipments to prevent adversarial nations from accessing the technology underpinning the AI boom. The administration pursued a global plan capping the number of chips various countries could buy that the Trump administration later unwound.
自2024年以来，商务部一直在调查黄仁勋妻子Lori Huang在新加坡的公司Megaspeed是否违反出口限制将英伟达芯片转移至中国，该调查现由司法部主导。
The Commerce Department has been investigating whether Alice Huang’s Singapore-based company Megaspeed diverted Nvidia chips to China in violation of export restrictions since 2024, a probe that is now being led by the Justice Department.
Megaspeed 表示，它是一家合法合规、遵守法律的公司。东南亚许多其他公司也被怀疑从事类似活动，这助推了一系列旨在加强对芯片管控的法案，这些芯片正推动全球 AI 热潮。白宫与英伟达及其他科技公司的结盟导致过去的努力停滞，但议员和分析人士表示，对该议题的新关注以及民主党上周赢得国会两院控制权——部分归因于反对 AI 行业和数据中心——为他们提供了新动力。
Megaspeed has said it is a legitimate and compliant company that follows the law. Many other companies in Southeast Asia have been suspected of similar activities, fueling a range of bills to tighten control of chips fueling the global AI boom. The White House’s alliance with Nvidia and other tech companies contributed to past efforts stalling, but lawmakers and analysts said the new focus on the subject and Democrats winning control of both chambers of Congress last week—in part by opposing the AI industry and data centers—has given them new momentum.“We’re going to work hard to make sure that those provisions make it into the final version” of the defense-spending package, said Hakeem Jeffries (D., N.Y.), the top Democrat in the House who is in line to become speaker in the next Congress.
“我们将努力确保这些条款进入国防支出法案的最终版本，”众议院民主党领袖、有望在下届国会出任议长的 Hakeem Jeffries（民主党-纽约州）表示。周一，在国家情报总监 Jay Clayton 和中央情报局局长 John Ratcliffe 就伊朗问题向核心议员举行的情报简报会上，英伟达的安全问题被提及。与特朗普决裂并推动限制芯片出口的共和党人包括参议员 Jim Banks（印第安纳州）和 Pete Ricketts（内布拉斯加州），以及众议员 Brian Mast（佛罗里达州）和 John Moolenaar（密歇根州），后两人分别领导众议院外交委员会和中国问题特别委员会。
The Nvidia security concerns came up Monday during an intelligence briefing for top lawmakers about Iran by Director of National Intelligence Jay Clayton and Central Intelligence Agency Director John Ratcliffe. Republicans who have broken with Trump and driven efforts to curtail chip exports include Sens. Jim Banks (Ind.) and Pete Ricketts (Neb.), and Reps. Brian Mast (Fla.) and John Moolenaar (Mich.), who lead the House Foreign Affairs and China Select Committees.
Mast 和 Moolenaar 是最近要求黄仁勋下周就英伟达安全事项向议员进行简报的人员之一。
Mast and Moolenaar are among those who recently asked Huang to brief lawmakers on the Nvidia security matter next week.
特朗普周一表示，黄仁勋告诉他“他完全不知道相关人员是间谍”。英伟达发言人称，公司已于 2025 年 6 月切断对 Megaspeed 的新发货，该禁令仍在生效，并补充说商务部尚未将该公司列入黑名单，或采取其他要求其停止与 Megaspeed 往来的行动。
Trump said Monday Huang told him “he had absolutely no idea that the person in question was a spy.”An Nvidia spokesman said the company cut off new shipments to Megaspeed in June 2025 and that ban is still in place, adding that the Commerce Department still has yet to blacklist the company or take other action requiring the company to stop doing business with it.
出口管控条款面临的一个挑战是，它们目前附属于《国防授权法案》——这项批准军费开支的立法被广泛视为必通过法案。
One challenge for the export provisions is they are currently attached to the National Defense Authorization Act, legislation approving military spending that is widely seen as a must-pass bill.
该法案在国会陷入停滞，条款常作为谈判建立共识的一部分被增删替换。曾在国务院负责科技与安全事务、现为外交关系委员会高级研究员的克里斯·麦奎尔表示，议员们应当单独对这三项法案进行表决，以表明他们对出口限制是认真的。“它们现在就应当被推进并付诸表决，赞成或反对，以此发出国会关注这一问题及其处理方式的信号，”他说。写信给 Amrith Ramkumar，邮箱：amrith.ramkumar@wsj.com
The package is stalled in Congress, and provisions are often swapped in and out as part of negotiations to build consensus. Chris McGuire, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations who previously worked on tech and security issues at the State Department, said lawmakers should show they are serious about export restrictions by voting on the three bills on their own. “They should just be pushed now and voted on, up or down, as a way to signal Congress’s concern about this issue and how it’s being handled,” he said. Write to Amrith Ramkumar at amrith.ramkumar@wsj.com