加州州长加文·纽森周五在土耳其安塔利亚举行的第31届联合国气候变化大会（Cop31）小组讨论上发言。
California governor Gavin Newsom speaks during a panel discussion at the Cop31 summit on Friday in Antalya, Turkey.
纽森是出席Cop31的美国政界最高层人物，特朗普政府仍在抵制这一进程。作为世界第四大经济体的领导人，加州州长加文·纽森明确支持全球逐步淘汰导致气候崩溃的化石燃料。
Newsom is the most prominent US politician at Cop31, a process the Trump administration continues to boycott The leader of the world’s fourth biggest economy, California governor Gavin Newsom has explicitly endorsed a global phase out of the fossil fuels that drive climate breakdown.
纽森对《卫报》表示，加州“100%”支持所谓的“圣玛尔塔联盟”的努力。该联盟由50多个国家组成，包括世界许多最大经济体，旨在从石油、天然气和煤炭向太阳能、风能、电池及其他非碳能源转型。
Newsom told the Guardian that California is “100%” behind the efforts of the so-called Santa Marta coalition a group of more than 50 countries that includes many of the world’s largest economies, to transition away from oil, gas and coal toward solar, wind, batteries and other non-carbon energy sources.
纽森周四在Cop31联合国气候峰会上发言时说：“当你拥有一种明显更优越的产品——清洁能源对气候和经济都是如此——为什么不尽快实现这一转变？”作为美国人口最多、经济最强州份的领导人，纽森是出席Cop31的美国政界最高层人物，特朗普政府仍在抵制这一进程。
Speaking at the Cop31 UN climate summit on Thursday, Newsom said: “When you have a product that is obviously superior, which clean energy is for the climate and the economy, why wouldn’t you make that shift as quickly as possible?”As the head of America’s most populous and economically powerful state, Newsom is the most prominent US politician at Cop31 a process the administration of US president Donald Trump continues to boycott.
纽森是民主党人，普遍被看好将在2028年竞选总统。他的表态提出了一种可能性：如果他在两年后赢得总统大选，美国——世界最大经济体和历史上最大的温室气体排放国——可能会加入圣玛尔塔联盟。
Newsom, a Democrat, is widely expected to run for president in 2028. His statement raises the possibility that the US, the world’s biggest economy and largest historical emitter of planet-warming gases, could join the Santa Marta coalition if he wins the presidency two years from now.
去年的第30届联合国气候变化大会（COP30）上，有80多个国家希望开始制定全球逐步淘汰化石燃料的“路线图”。
More than 80 countries wanted last year’s COP30 to begin to develop a global “roadmap” to phase out fossil fuels.
以沙特阿拉伯为首的少数产油国阻挠了这一努力，其依据是一个有争议的观点，即联合国气候峰会的决定只能通过共识达成。对此毫不气馁，支持制定路线图的国家于4月在哥伦比亚圣玛尔塔会面，开始自行设计逐步淘汰化石燃料的方案。“太棒了，”纽森对这个圣玛尔塔“自愿联盟”向美国及其他意在让世界继续燃烧化石燃料的国家发起的挑战说道。犹他州盐湖城附近的一座炼油厂。
A handful of petrostates led by Saudi Arabia blocked that effort, relying on the disputed notion that decisions at UN climate summits can only be made by consensus. Undaunted, countries favoring a roadmap met in April in Santa Marta, Colombia, to begin designing a phase out on their own“Love it,” Newsom said of the challenge that this Santa Marta “coalition of the willing” is posing to the US and other states intent on keeping the world burning fossil fuels. An oil refinery near Salt Lake City, Utah.
实际上，该联盟不再允许产油国利用程序诡计和无休止的谈判，来阻挠科学家称之为当务之急的事项：迅速逐步淘汰化石燃料。取而代之的是，这一关键规模的国家集团——其中包括德国、法国、巴西和荷兰，预计还有更多国家，或许包括英国，将在第三十一届缔约方大会（Cop31）上加入——正自行推进摆脱化石燃料的路线图，希望其榜样作用和经济实力能带动其他国家跟进。
The coalition is in effect no longer allowing petrostates to employ procedural tricks and endless talk to prevent what scientists say is imperative: rapidly phasing out fossil fuels. Instead, this critical mass of countries, which includes Germany, France, Brazil and The Netherlands – with additional countries, perhaps including the UK, expected to join later in Cop31– is proceeding on its own with roadmaps to transition away from fossil fuels, hoping that its example and economic power will lead others to follow suit.
“你不会指望毒贩投票支持禁酒令，也指望不上产油国同意逐步淘汰化石燃料，”马尔代夫前总统穆罕默德·纳希德说，他曾召开一次水下内阁会议，以凸显像他这样的低洼岛国的困境。“希望逐步淘汰化石燃料的国家应该直接着手去做，”纳希德对《卫报》表示。
“You don’t ask drug dealers to vote for Prohibition, and you won’t get petro-states to agree to phase out fossil fuels,” said Mohamed Nasheed, the former president of The Maldives, who once convened a cabinet meeting underwater to dramatize the plight of low-lying island nations like his. “Countries wishing to phase out fossil fuels should just go ahead and do it,” Nasheed told the Guardian.
纽森的表态可能为第三十一届缔约方大会（Cop31）增添动力，该峰会普遍预期充其量只能取得适度进展。州长的言论紧随两场政治地震之后，后者也提振了全球气候政治开启新时代的希望。首先是10月巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦意外连任，接着是11月初美国中期选举中特朗普及其共和党控制的国会遭遇惨败。
Newsom’s statement could add momentum to a CopP31 summit that has been widely expected to yield modest progress at best. The governor’s comments follow two political earthquakes that also raised hopes of a new era in global climate politics. First came the surprising re-election of president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil in October, then the crushing rebuke of Trump and his Republican Congress in the US midterm elections in early November.
圣玛尔塔联盟的愿景之所以不仅仅是一厢情愿，在于该联盟的经济实力。在第三十届联合国气候变化大会（Cop30）上，想要制定逐步淘汰化石燃料路线图的80多个国家，其经济总量合计构成了地球上最大的经济超级大国。
What makes the Santa Marta coalition’s vision more than a pipe dream is the coalition’s economic might. Collectively, the 80-plus countries that wanted a phase out roadmap at Cop30 amount to the biggest economic superpower on earth.
非营利组织“非洲能源转型”（Power Shift Africa）主任穆罕默德·阿多（Mohamed Adow）在接受采访时表示，如果该联盟能开始实施一项可信的化石燃料转型方案，“将发出一个不容置疑的信号：石油、天然气和煤炭的时代正在结束，聪明的资金正在转移。”这将向世界各国政府和金融市场发出警示：继续投资化石燃料将成为一项风险日益增加的举措，可能导致它们手中持有数万亿美元的搁浅资产。
If the coalition can begin implementing a credible transition away from fossil fuels, it “would send an unmistakable message that the age of oil, gas and coal is ending, and the smart money is shifting,” Mohamed Adow, director of the nonprofit Power Shift Africa, said in an interview. Governments and financial markets around the world would be put on notice that staying invested in fossil fuels will be an increasingly risky proposition that could leave them holding trillions of dollars of stranded assets.
迄今为止，作为世界第三大经济体的德国已承诺于2045年前逐步淘汰化石燃料；世界第六大经济体法国和第十八大经济体荷兰也已发布了逐步淘汰路线图。
Thus far, Germany, the world’s third biggest economy, has committed to phasing out fossil fuels by 2045 France, the world’s sixth biggest economy, and The Netherlands, the 18th biggest, have released phase out roadmaps as well.
2023年9月15日，环保活动人士在伊利诺伊州芝加哥市中心参加全球气候罢工游行。
Environmental activists march during the Global Climate Strike in downtown Chicago, Illinois, on 15 September 2023.
盖蒂图片社 加利福尼亚州的清洁能源纪录与分析人士认为第三十一届联合国气候变化大会（Cop31）最终协议可能认可的一个政策目标相吻合：承诺到2035年从电力获取全球35%的能源。纽森表示，在2026年大半时间里，加利福尼亚州的经济有十分之九的天数依靠100%清洁电力运行，电池已成为“改变游戏规则的关键”。随着清洁能源成本持续下降，纽森预计将有更多郡效仿加利福尼亚州的做法，因为“市场正朝着有利于我们的方向发展”。
via Getty Images California’s clean energy track record aligns with the one policy goal that, analysts say, Cop31’s final agreement might endorse: a commitment to obtain 35% of the world’s energy from electricity by 2035. California’s economy has run on 100% clean electricity nine out of every 10 days during much of 2026, with batteries emerging as “a game changer”, as Newsom described it. As the costs of clean energy continue to fall, Newsom expects more counties to follow California’s example because “the markets are moving in our direction”.
中期选举还让大批气候行动倡导者在州和地方层面掌权。在美国仅次于加利福尼亚州的第二大州经济体得克萨斯州，新任州长是民主党人吉娜·伊诺霍萨，她拒绝接受长期主导该州的化石燃料行业的捐款。总共将有29个州由民主党州长执政，他们除其他权力外，还可能阻止数据中心“人类正处于‘一场对抗邪恶势力的最后战役’中，这些势力试图让世界继续燃烧化石燃料，”波茨坦气候影响研究所所长约翰·罗克斯特伦说。
The midterms also brought to power scores of climate champions at the state and local level. In Texas, the US’s second largest state economy after California, the new governor is Democrat Gina Hinojosa, who shunned contributions from the fossil fuel industry that has long dominated her state. In all, 29 states will have Democratic governors who, among other things, could block datacenters Humanity is in “a final battle against the evil forces”trying to keep the world burning fossil fuels said Johan Rockstrom, the director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impacts Research.
正如尼泊尔冰川灾难和今年夏天欧洲5万例极端高温死亡病例所示，气候崩溃已经造成了可怕的破坏。不过，罗克斯特伦补充道，“全球89%的公民信任科学[并]希望采取行动。我们是一股多数力量，可以有信心地认为，我们拥有一个真正希望成功的全球共同体——而且为时未晚。”
As the Nepal glacier disaster and 50,000 extreme heat deaths in Europe this summer illustrate, climate breakdown is already wreaking terrible damage. Nevertheless, Rockstrom added, “89% of citizens across the world trust science [and] want action We are a majority power that can have confidence we have a collective global community that really wants this to succeed--and that it isn’t too late.”
马克·赫茨加德是“报道气候现在”组织的执行总监，也是《国家》杂志的环境记者。自1992年里约地球峰会以来，他一直报道联合国气候峰会。
Mark Hertsgaard is the executive director of Covering Climate Now and the environment correspondent for t he Nation. He has covered UN climate summits since the 1992 Earth Summit