美国议员正加快限制向中国出口先进人工智能（AI）芯片的努力，此前英伟达创始人黄仁勋与一名涉嫌与中国情报机构有联系的女子卷入丑闻。民主党和共和党均支持多项提案，旨在让美国制造的敏感AI芯片更难进入中国及其他国家。
US lawmakers are speeding up efforts to restrict the export of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) chips to China following the recent scandal involving Nvidia founder Jensen Huang and a woman suspected of having links to Chinese intelligence. Both Democrats and Republicans are supporting several proposed bills that aim to make it harder for sensitive US-made AI chips to reach China and other countries.
英伟达丑闻使中国芯片出口受到审视。根据《金融时报》报道，提议的法律还将赋予美国国会更大的权力审查芯片出口批准，并可能阻止已获特朗普政府批准的交易。
Nvidia scandal puts China chip exports under scrutinyThe proposed laws would also give the US Congress more power to review chip export approvals and potentially block deals that have already been cleared by the Trump administration, according to The Financial Times.
围绕英伟达的政治争议增加了议员收紧出口规则的压力。该问题在对英伟达芯片如何被允许流向新加坡公司Megaspeed——该公司被怀疑帮助将芯片运往中国——的质疑后受到关注。
The political controversy surrounding Nvidia has increased pressure on lawmakers to tighten export rules. The issue has gained attention after questions were raised about how Nvidia chips were allowed to reach Singapore-based company Megaspeed, which is suspected of helping move chips to China.
华盛顿咨询公司Beacon Research的高级研究分析师欧文·特德福德表示，丑闻为这些提案在国会赢得了新的支持。他说，争议之后立法的推动力度明显增强。
Owen Tedford, a senior research analyst at Washington-based consultancy Beacon Research, said the scandal has given these proposals fresh support in Congress. He said there was a clear increase in momentum for the legislation following the controversy.
黄仁勋此前曾推动更宽松的出口规则，以便英伟达在海外销售更多先进AI芯片。然而，依据《金融时报》报道，他本周早些时候因被曝有婚外情而辞职，其中包括与一名涉嫌与中国情报机构有联系的女子的关系。
Jensen Huang had earlier pushed for easier export rules so that Nvidia could sell more of its advanced AI chips overseas. However, he resigned earlier this week after revelations that he had extramarital affairs, including one with a woman suspected of having links to Chinese intelligence, according to The Financial Times.
该女子名为黄爱丽，是新加坡公司Megaspeed的高管，该公司购买英伟达产品。报告称，她被怀疑为中国情报机构工作。
美国当局已对Megaspeed展开调查超过一年，怀疑该公司走私先进英伟达芯片至中国。
The woman, Alice Huang, was an executive at Megaspeed, a Singapore-based company that buys Nvidia products. She is suspected of working for Chinese intelligence, according to the report.US authorities have been investigating Megaspeed for more than a year over suspicions that the company was smuggling advanced Nvidia chips to China.
争议引发了对美国出口管制是否足以阻止先进技术流向中国的质疑。立法者现在要求对公司及人工智能芯片的流动进行更严格的审查。
The controversy has raised questions about whether US export controls are strong enough to prevent advanced technology from reaching China. Lawmakers are now demanding stronger checks on companies and the movement of AI chips.
Tedford 表示，英伟达可能想要摆脱争议，但华盛顿的立法者尚未准备好忘记此事。他说，这场丑闻让国会更加坚定地审查该公司的活动，依据《金融时报》的报道。
Tedford said Nvidia might want to move past the controversy, but Washington lawmakers were not ready to forget the issue. He said the scandal had made Congress more determined to examine the company's activities, according to The Financial Times.
英伟达的先进芯片之所以重要，是因为它们用于训练全球最强大的人工智能模型。OpenAI 和 Anthropic 等人工智能公司使用英伟达技术来开发其模型。
Nvidia's advanced chips are important because they are used to train some of the world's most powerful AI models. AI companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic use Nvidia technology to develop their models.
支持更严格出口限制的人认为，阻止中国获取这些芯片对于保护美国的技术优势至关重要。他们担心中国可能利用该技术开发更先进的人工智能系统，增强其能力。美国法案通过云服务限制中国获取人工智能芯片尽管国会已有多项 tightening 芯片出口规则的提案在推进，英伟达争议为这些努力注入了重要推动力。其中一项提案是《远程访问安全法案》，旨在阻止中国公司通过云计算服务访问位于中国境外的先进人工智能芯片。
Supporters of tougher export restrictions believe preventing China from accessing these chips is important for protecting America's technological advantage. They fear that China could use the technology to develop more advanced AI systems and strengthen its capabilities.US bill targets China’s access to AI chips through cloud servicesAlthough several proposals to tighten chip export rules were already moving forward in Congress, the Nvidia controversy has given these efforts a major push. One of the proposed laws is the Remote Access Security Act. It aims to stop Chinese companies from accessing advanced AI chips located outside China through cloud computing services.
该提案之所以重要，是因为公司即使在法律上不被允许购买实体芯片，也可能通过云服务远程使用强大芯片。
This proposal is important because companies may be able to use powerful chips remotely through cloud services even when they are not legally allowed to purchase the physical chips themselves.
因此，该法案将通过限制中国公司通过海外云服务访问此类芯片，弥补现行出口规则可能存在的漏洞。
The bill would therefore close a possible gap in existing export rules by restricting Chinese companies from accessing such chips through overseas cloud services.
《金融时报》报道，三位资深共和党议员周五敦促国会立即通过多项旨在收紧人工智能芯片出口限制的法案。议员包括约翰·穆勒纳尔、布赖恩·马斯特和里克·克劳福德。
Three senior Republican lawmakers on Friday urged Congress to immediately pass several bills aimed at tightening restrictions on AI chip exports, according to The Financial Times. The lawmakers are John Moolenaar, Brian Mast and Rick Crawford.
他们分别领导负责中国事务、外交事务和情报的众议院委员会。这三位共和党议员还致信英伟达首席法务官蒂姆·特特（Tim Teter）和商务部负责监管出口管制的杰弗里·凯斯勒（Jeffrey Kessler），以及英伟达创始人黄仁勋（Jensen Huang），请求三人出席国会并就争议接受质询。
They lead House committees dealing with China, foreign affairs and intelligence, respectively. The three Republicans also wrote to Jensen Huang, Nvidia General Counsel Tim Teter and Jeffrey Kessler, the Commerce Department official responsible for overseeing export controls. They requested that the three appear before Congress and answer questions about the controversy.
在信中，议员们表示希望了解因英伟达与Megaspeed事件而使美国国家安全受到多大风险。他们还将此争议描述为国会迫切需要立即通过四项提案的例证。这些措施旨在赋予立法者对敏感技术出口更大的监督权。美国议员通过国防支出法案推动人工智能芯片限制这些拟议的限制也得到了高级政治领袖的支持。即将离任的众议院议长、共和党人迈克·约翰逊（Mike Johnson）以及预计将成为下一任议长的哈基姆·杰弗里斯（Hakeem Jeffries）均支持其中几项措施。
In their letter, the lawmakers said they wanted to understand how far US national security had been put at risk because of the situation involving Nvidia and Megaspeed. They also described the controversy as an example of why Congress needed to pass four proposed bills immediately. These measures are aimed at giving lawmakers greater oversight of sensitive technology exports.US lawmakers push AI chip curbs through defence spending billThe proposed restrictions have also received support from senior political leaders. Outgoing House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Republican, and Hakeem Jeffries, who is expected to become the next House Speaker, have backed several of the measures.
根据《金融时报》报道，议员们正考虑将这些提案纳入年度美国国防支出立法《国防授权法案》（National Defense Authorization Act，NDAA）的最终文本。
Lawmakers are considering adding these proposals to the final version of the annual US defence spending legislation, known as the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), according to The Financial Times.
《国防授权法案》是一项重要的年度法案，广泛为美国国防部提供资金。它被视为必须通过的立法，意味着国会预计会批准它。
The NDAA is an important annual bill that broadly provides funding for the US Department of Defense. It is considered a must-pass legislation, meaning Congress is expected to approve it.
将拟议的人工智能芯片限制纳入《国防授权法案》可能会使议员更容易通过这些限制。因为国防支出法案被视为必不可少，极不可能出现美国总统动用否决权否决整部法案的情况。
Including the proposed AI chip restrictions in the NDAA could make it easier for lawmakers to pass them. This is because the defence spending bill is considered essential, making it highly unlikely that the US president would use his veto power to reject the entire legislation.
前美国贸易官员、现任新美国安全中心（Center for a New American Security）智库研究员艾米莉·基尔克里斯（Emily Kilcrease）表示，政治发展已显著改变了局面。
Emily Kilcrease, a former US trade official who now works at the Center for a New American Security think-tank, said political developments had significantly changed the situation.
Kilcrease 表示，英金融时报称，英伟达丑闻、十一月中期选举结果以及即将出台的《国防授权法案》（NDAA）共同提升了通过拟议限制的可能性。
Kilcrease said the Nvidia scandal, the results of the November midterm elections and the upcoming NDAA had together increased the chances of passing the proposed restrictions, according to The Financial Times.
十一月中期选举也改变了华盛顿的政治局面。民主党将在新当选的议员于一月就职时掌握国会两院的控制权。然而，现任拥有共和党多数的国会将在新当选议员于一月上任前审议《国防授权法案》。这为现任国会留下了一个有限的时间窗口，以完成国防开支立法并将拟议的人工智能芯片出口限制纳入其中。
The November midterm elections have also changed the political situation in Washington. Democrats are set to take control of both chambers of Congress when the newly elected lawmakers take their seats in January. However, the current Congress, which has a Republican majority, will consider the NDAA before the newly elected lawmakers take office in January. This gives the current Congress a limited period to finalise the defence spending legislation and include the proposed restrictions on AI chip exports.
尽管支持力度在增长，但仍有人担心立法者可能没有足够时间在今年年底前通过所有提案。共和党参议院助理警告称，国会有一长串待办事项，却几乎没有时间完成。对英伟达芯片向 Megaspeed 销售的质询对限制的重新推动也加大了对美国商务部长 Howard Lutnick 的压力。议员们要求他解释其部门如何允许英伟达向 Megaspeed 销售芯片。
Despite the growing support, there are concerns that lawmakers may not have enough time to pass all the proposed measures before the end of the year. A Republican Senate aide cautioned that Congress had a long list of pending work and very little time to complete it. Howard Lutnick faces questions over Nvidia chip sales to MegaspeedThe renewed push for restrictions has also increased pressure on US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. Lawmakers are demanding that he explain how his department allowed Nvidia to sell chips to Megaspeed.
英金融时报报道，Lutnick 所辖的商务部推迟了将 Megaspeed 列入美国政府实体名单的工作。该名单包括华盛顿视为国家安全风险的公司。根据美国规定，美国公司在向实体名单上的公司出口商品前，必须先获得商务部的特别许可。
The Financial Times reported that Lutnick's Commerce Department delayed efforts to add Megaspeed to the US government's entity list. This list includes companies that Washington considers a national security risk. Under US rules, American companies must obtain special licences from the Commerce Department before exporting goods to companies placed on the entity list.
因此，将 Megaspeed 列入该名单可能会使包括英伟达在内的美国公司向这家总部位于新加坡的公司出售敏感技术变得更加困难。
Adding Megaspeed to this list could therefore make it more difficult for US companies such as Nvidia to sell sensitive technology to the Singapore-based company.
争议还引发了美国政府内部在如何处理Megaspeed问题上的分歧。美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特周五表示，财政部已支持将Megaspeed列入实体清单数月。贝森特的声明暗示，财政部在涉及英伟达及黄仁勋的最新争议曝光之前，就已倾向于对Megaspeed采取行动。辩论的焦点现在是美国是否应出台更严格的管控，防止先进人工智能芯片通过境外公司和海外云服务进入中国。
The controversy has also drawn attention to disagreements within the US government over how to deal with Megaspeed.US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said on Friday that his department had supported adding Megaspeed to the entity list for several months. Bessent's statement suggests that the Treasury Department had favoured action against Megaspeed even before the latest controversy involving Nvidia and Jensen Huang came to light. The debate now centres on whether the US should introduce stricter controls to prevent advanced AI chips from reaching China, including through companies operating outside the country and overseas cloud services.