米歇尔·查普曼 经济、通胀以及这些力量如何影响美国人的生活，在过去一周里始终处于聚焦核心地位。去超市和加油站的花费比去年更令人肉疼，不断上涨的成本正在影响家庭和企业的决策。
MICHELLE CHAPMAN The economy, inflation and how those forces could impact the lives of Americans were front and center over the past week. Trips to the grocery store and gas station are more painful than they were last year, and rising costs are impacting the decisions of both households and businesses.
以下是过去一周发生的重要经济数据和新闻快照，以及它们对您的潜在影响。
Here’s a snapshot of prominent economic data and news that occurred over the past week and what it potentially means for you.
随着物价居高不下、工资停滞不前，且伊朗战争持续进行，美国人对经济的信心本月跌至十多年来最低水平。
Americans’ confidence in the economy sank to the lowest level in more than a decade this month as prices remain elevated and wages stagnate amid the ongoing Iran war.
商业会议周二表示，其消费者信心指数在9月暴跌6.7点至81.9，低于8月的88.6。这是该机构调查自2014年4月以来的最低读数，甚至低于疫情期间触及的最低水平。
The Conference Board said Tuesday that its consumer confidence index tumbled 6.7 points to 81.9 in September, down from 88.6 in August. That’s the lowest reading in the board’s survey since April 2014 and below the lowest level reached during the pandemic.
受访者对当前状况的看法下降7.9点至109.3。他们对短期前景的预期也下滑5.9点至63.6。
Respondents’ views of their present situation fell by 7.9 points to 109.3. Their short-term outlook also slid, falling 5.9 points to 63.6.
在经历了五年的高位通胀后，美国人对经济依然感到烦躁不安，这可能对特朗普总统和共和党在中期选举中构成风险，而中期选举距今仅一个多月。
Americans remain flustered by the economy after five years of elevated inflation , potentially posing a risk to President Donald Trump and Republicans in the midterm elections, which are a little more than a month away.
商业会议9月1日至23日收集的调查书面回答本月多为悲观基调，频繁提及汽油、商品和服务的高昂成本。美国长期抵押贷款平均利率本周跃升至近三年来最高水平。
Write-in responses to the board’s survey, collected from September 1-23, were mostly pessimistic this month, with frequent references to the high cost of gas, goods and services. The average long-term U.S. mortgage rate jumped this week to its highest level in nearly three years.
抵押贷款买方房利美周四表示，基准30年期固定利率抵押贷款利率从上周的7.03%升至7.28%，涨幅为数年来最大。一年前，平均利率为6.34%。这是抵押贷款利率连续第六周上涨。
The benchmark 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rose to 7.28% from 7.03% last week, mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday, the biggest leap in several years. A year ago, the average rate was 6.34%. It is the sixth consecutive week that mortgage rates have increased.
平均利率现已达到自2023年11月22日（当时为7.29%）以来的最高水平。
The average rate is now the highest it’s been since Nov. 22, 2023, when it reached 7.29%.
15年期固定利率抵押贷款的借贷成本（通常是寻求再融资的借款人的选择）本周也有所上升。该平均利率从上周的6.42%升至6.60%。一年前，该利率为5.55%。
Borrowing costs on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages, often sought by borrowers refinancing a home loan, also climbed this week. That average rate increased to 6.60% from 6.42% last week. A year ago, it was at 5.55%.
政府周五报告称，美国雇主上月仅新增了令人失望的29,000个就业岗位，失业率略有上升，这距离选民在关键的中期选举中投票还有一个月，此时民众对高昂的生活成本和经济状况感到不满。
U.S. employers added a disappointing 29,000 jobs and the unemployment rate ticked up last month, the government reported Friday, a month before voters go to the polls in pivotal midterm elections at a time of discontent over the high cost of living and the state of the economy.
劳工部表示，招聘人数较8月经修正的133,000人有所下降。失业率从8月的4.1%升至仍然较低的4.2%。经济学家原本预计9月非农就业人数将增加约90,000人。
Hiring dropped from a revised 133,000 in August, the Labor Department said. The unemployment rate rose to a still-low 4.2% from 4.1% in August. Economists had expected September payrolls to come in around 90,000.
劳工部的修正还将7月和8月合计的非农就业人数下调了60,000人。平均时薪较去年同期仅上涨3%，为自2021年5月以来最小的同比涨幅。
Labor Department revisions also shaved 60,000 jobs off combined July and August payrolls. Average hourly wages were up just 3% last year from a year earlier, the smallest year-over-year gain since May 2021.
美国雇主8月发布的职位空缺减少，但面对因与伊朗冲突导致的能源成本上升，美国劳动市场依然保持韧性。
U.S. employers posted fewer job openings in August, but the American labor market remains resilient in the face of higher energy costs caused by the fighting with Iran.
劳工部周二报告称，美国职位空缺从7月经修正的734万降至708万。这一数字低于预测者预期的720万，为自3月触及690万以来的最低水平。
U.S. job openings slid to 7.08 million from a revised 7.34 million in July, the Labor Department reported Tuesday. Openings came in below the 7.2 million that forecasters had expected and were the lowest since they hit 6.9 million in March.
该部门的职位空缺与劳动流动调查（JOLTS）还显示，8月裁员人数减少，主动离职人数（这是对就业前景有信心的迹象）基本持平。JOLTS报告的总招聘指标（扣除主动离职或失业人员前）在8月小幅上升。
The department’s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) also showed that layoffs fell and the number of people quitting their jobs — a sign of confidence in their prospects — was little changed in August. The JOLTS report’s measure of gross hiring — before subtracting people who quit or lost their jobs — ticked up modestly in August.
雇主可能没有大规模裁员，但招聘人数远不如几年前那样多。招聘人数仍远低于2023年和2024年平均每月新增的166,000个就业岗位，也远低于2021-2022年新冠封控后招聘热潮期间每月录得的491,000个就业岗位。
Employers may not be laying workers off, but they aren’t hiring nearly as many as they did a few years ago. Hiring remains well below the 166,000 monthly jobs created, on average, in 2023 and 2024, and the 491,000 a month recorded during the 2021-2022 hiring boom that followed COVID-19 lockdowns.
8月份美国通胀有所放缓，因为民众加大了消费力度，但物价水平仍然偏高，这对许多即将在一个月后参加中期选举的选民来说仍是一个挑战。
Inflation slowed in August as Americans ramped up their spending, though prices are still elevated and a challenge for many voters that will head to the polls for midterm elections in just over a month.
美国商务部周三表示，8月份消费者价格指数同比上涨3.4%，低于经济学家预期的3.7%。从环比来看，物价上涨0.3%，高于7月份的0.1%，表明物价仍处于高位。
Consumer prices rose 3.4% in August compared with a year earlier, the Commerce Department said Wednesday, below the 3.7% economist expectations. On a monthly basis, prices climbed 0.3%, up from 0.1% in July, a sign prices that are still running hot.
剔除波动较大的能源和食品类别后，通胀同样低于预期，8月份同比上涨3%。从7月到8月，核心物价仅上涨0.2%，高于前一个月的0.1%。许多经济学家曾担心核心物价的环比增速会更快。
Excluding the volatile energy and food categories, inflation also came in lower than expected, rising 3% in August from a year ago. And from July to August, core prices rose just 0.2%, up from 0.1% the previous month. Many economists feared core prices would rise more quickly month-to-month.
4月至6月期间，美国经济以2.2%的稳健速度增长，消费者支出和企业投资均表现强劲。
The U.S. economy grew at a solid 2.2% pace from April through June as consumer spending and business investment came in strong.
美国商务部周三报告称，国内生产总值（GDP）——即该国商品和服务的总产出——的增长速度从1月至3月期间的2.5%有所放缓。第二季度的增长数据优于该部门此前1.5%的预估，也出乎经济学家们的意料，他们原本预计GDP数据几乎没有变化。
Growth in gross domestic product — the nation’s output of a goods and services — decelerated from a 2.5% pace from January through March, the Commerce Department reported Wednesday. The second-quarter growth was an improvement on the department’s previous estimate of 1.5% — a surprise to economists who had expected little or no change in the GDP number.
消费者支出占美国经济活动的约70%，其年增长率达到3.8%，高于1月至3月期间的0.7%。强劲的股票市场为消费提供了助力，市场反映了对人工智能前景的乐观情绪，这不仅使富裕投资者财富增加，也让他们有更多资金用于消费。
Consumer spending — which accounts for about 70% of U.S. economic activity — increased at a healthy 3.8% annual pace, up from 0.7% in the January-March period. Spending has been helped by a strong stock market, which reflects enthusiasm over the prospects for artificial intelligence and which enriches wealthy investors and gives them more money to buy things with.
在最新就业报告缓解了对美国经济过热可能迫使美联储在下次会议上加息的担忧后，动荡的美国债券市场在本周结束时出现了一定程度的缓和。债券收益率随之下降，推动美国股市重新向历史新高逼近。
There was some relief in the rattled U.S. bond market to end the week after the latest jobs report cooled worries that a hot U.S economy might force the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates at their next meeting. The resulting drop in bond yields helped U.S. stocks climb back toward their all-time high.
标普500指数上涨，距离8月创下的纪录仅差0.8%。道琼斯工业平均指数上涨，纳斯达克综合指数走高。
The S&P 500 rose and pulled within 0.8% of its record set in August . The Dow Jones Industrial Average was up, and the Nasdaq composite was higher.