彭博社报道，在乌克兰无人机袭击炼油厂期间，俄罗斯政府上个月向石油公司支付了四年多来最大的补贴，用于向国内市场供应道路燃料。
Russia’s government last month paid oil companies the biggest subsidy in more than four years to supply road fuels to the domestic market amid Ukrainian drone strikes on refineries.
根据俄罗斯财政部周一发布的数据，9月份补贴总额为3055亿卢布（36亿美元）。这是自2022年4月创纪录以来的最高月度支出。
The subsidies totaled 305.5 billion rubles ($3.6 billion) in September, according to data from the Russian Finance Ministry published on Monday. That’s the highest monthly payout since the April 2022 record.
乌克兰一直在打击俄罗斯的石油资产，从管道基础设施到出口码头以及炼油厂，旨在削减克里姆林宫战争的收入，目前克里姆林宫战争已进入第五个年头。罢工导致俄罗斯石油产品产量减少，造成全国汽油短缺，并导致燃油配给和加油站排起长队。
Ukraine has been striking Russian oil assets, ranging from pipeline infrastructure to export terminals as well as refineries, in a campaign that aims to slash the revenues financing the Kremlin’s war, now into its fifth year. The strikes have cut Russia’s output of oil products, creating gasoline shortages across the nation and resulting in fuel rationing and long lines at petrol stations.
这些付款为俄罗斯生产商提供了重要支持，这些生产商被迫对炼油厂进行大规模的计划外维护，这些炼油厂在袭击后削减或完全停止了运营。
The payments are providing vital support for Russian producers, which have been forced to undertake widespread unplanned maintenance at refineries that cut or completely halted operations following attacks.
但这些支出正在蚕食政府的金库。彭博社根据财政部数据计算显示，9月份的补贴仅略低于上个月石油行业支付给国家预算的3，233亿卢布净收入总额。据计算，自今年年初以来，补贴已超过140亿美元。
But the payouts are eating into the government’s coffers. September’s subsidies were only a little below the total net revenues of 323.3 billion rubles paid into the national budget by the oil industry last month, Bloomberg calculations based on ministry data showed. And since the start of the year, the subsidies have exceeded $14 billion, according to the calculations.
对炼油厂的补贴是根据国内供应的道路燃料量以及国内和出口批发价格之间的价差计算的。为了确保石油加工业继续受到激励，即使在当前的燃料出口禁令下，付款仍在继续。莫斯科政府已禁止大多数汽油、柴油和喷气燃料的出口。柴油出口禁令目前有效至10月底。
The subsidies to refiners are calculated based on the volume of road fuels supplied domestically and the spread between domestic and export wholesale prices. To ensure that the oil-processing industry remains incentivized, payments are continuing even amid current fuel-export bans. The government in Moscow has imposed bans on most exports of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. The diesel-export ban is currently in force through the end of October.
大部分支出流向了美国最大的石油公司，包括Rosneft PJSC和Tatneft PJSC，因为它们运营着美国的关键炼油厂。为了确保国内市场供应充足，政府还允许向燃料进口商支付费用。
The bulk of the payouts goes to the nation’s largest oil companies, including Rosneft PJSC to Tatneft PJSC, as they run the nation’s key refineries. To ensure the domestic market is well supplied, the government has also allowed payouts to fuel importers.
乌克兰总统泽连斯基周末在接受路透社采访时表示，乌克兰将加倍打击俄罗斯能源设施，以应对乌克兰基础设施遭受的毁灭性全天候袭击。
Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in a weekend interview with Reuters that his nation will double down on striking Russian energy facilities in response to devastating round-the-clock attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure.
据国际文传电讯社周五报道，俄罗斯援引提交给国家杜马的文件以及2027-29年预算草案，预计2026年全年的补贴将达到1.93万亿卢布，明年将降至1.18万亿卢布。
Russia expects the subsidies for the whole of 2026 to reach 1.93 trillion rubles, and decline to 1.18 trillion rubles next year, Interfax reported Friday, citing documents submitted to the State Duma together with a budget draft for 2027-29.
根据彭博社根据财政部数据计算，9月份俄罗斯石油和天然气净收入总额达到4524亿卢布，同比下降超过22%。尽管俄罗斯乌拉尔石油价格与一年前相比有所上涨，而且卢布兑美元贬值，但俄罗斯还是出现了下跌。石油和天然气行业净收入下降主要是由于大量燃料补贴。
Russia’s total net oil and gas revenues in September reached 452.4 billion rubles, down more than 22% year-on-year, according to Bloomberg calculations based on Finance Ministry’s data. The decline came even as the price of Russia’s Urals oil grew compared with a year ago, and the ruble has weakened against the US dollar. The lower net revenues from the oil and gas industry were mostly due to the large fuel subsidies.