大法官塞缪尔·阿利托推出了一本新书。这本书本身其实毫无新意——无论是从作者身份来看（他四位同为大法官的同事都是已出版作家，另有两人也签了出书协议），还是从内容来看（只是一本收录了他过往演讲的文集）。但在新书发布前接受美联社采访时，这位最高法院年龄第二长的成员明确表示，他并不认为自己属于唐纳德·特朗普总统“让美国再次伟大”（MAGA）运动的一员。
Justice Samuel Alito has a new book out. The book itself is literally nothing new, either in its authorship ( four of his fellow justices are published authors and another two have book deals) or in substance (a collection of speeches he’s given). But in speaking with The Associated Press ahead of its launch, the second-oldest member of the Supreme Court made clear that he does not see himself as a member of President Donald Trump’s Make America Great Again movement.
“这种说法令人冒犯，”阿利托在回应有人称他是最高法院的“MAGA派人物”时说道。“我真诚地努力根据每起案件的实质内容作出裁决，也根据每份申请的实质内容作出判断。无论总统是唐纳德·特朗普、乔·拜登、巴拉克·奥巴马还是其他人，这一点都同样成立。”
“It’s offensive,” Alito said, referring to suggestions that he’s MAGA’s man on the Supreme Court. “I honestly try to decide every single case on the merits, every single application on the merit. And that’s true whether the president is Donald Trump or Joe Biden or Barack Obama or anybody else.”
阿利托的裁决、MAGA的利益以及特朗普的手段三者之间的交集或许并非一个完美的圆，但其中巨大的重叠之处不容否认。
A Venn diagram between Alito’s decisions, MAGA’s interests and Trump’s methods may not be a perfect circle, but the overwhelming overlap cannot be denied.
确实，无论白宫坐的是谁，阿利托的裁决都始终保持高度一致。他或许并非特朗普个人崇拜的公开追随者，但却是最高法院中对其最坚定的捍卫者，并帮助为总统许多最恶劣的冲动行为提供了正当性。阿利托的裁决、MAGA的利益以及特朗普的手段三者之间的交集或许并非一个完美的圆，但其中巨大的重叠之处不容否认。
It’s true that Alito is remarkably consistent in his decisions regardless of who sits in the White House. While he may not be an avowed adherent to Trump’s cult of personality, he is its strongest defender on the Supreme Court and has helped justify many of the president’s worst impulses. A Venn diagram between Alito’s decisions, MAGA’s interests and Trump’s methods may not be a perfect circle, but the overwhelming overlap cannot be denied.
从根本上说，阿利托是一位保守派人士，他借助“原意主义”的外衣，得出几乎总是有利于共和党政策的结论。与特朗普如出一辙，为了追求这一目标，阿利托也毫不介意摒弃长期存在的司法规范，使最高法院的先例变得可有可无。
At his core, Alito is a conservative, one who uses the cover of originalism to reach conclusions that just happen to almost always benefit Republican policies. Much like Trump, Alito has been more than happy to toss aside longstanding norms in this pursuit, rendering the court’s precedents optional .
推翻“罗诉韦德案”或许并不在“MAGA”阵营的首要议程之中，但对整个保守派运动而言却意义重大。正如特朗普一贯的行事风格，阿利托在“多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织案”中所作的裁决完全基于经过精心挑选的事实依据，其所引用的美国“历史与传统”版本甚至遭到了不少历史学家的质疑。
Overturning Roe v. Wade may not have been at the top of the MAGA agenda, but it was deeply important to the conservative movement writ large. And in true Trumpian fashion, Alito’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization depended on a highly cherry-picked set of facts , leaning heavily on a version of American “history and tradition” that some historians found suspect at best .
与此同时，特朗普第二任期内一个贯穿始终的主题便是坚持“单一行政权”理论——该理论反对在总统与司法部及其他行政机构之间设置任何防火墙。阿利托的诸多裁决都体现出对不受约束的行政权力的推崇，当然，这种推崇仅适用于共和党总统执政时期；而面对民主党总统在学生贷款或医疗保健等问题上的决策权，他又转而回归其“小政府”理念。
Meanwhile, a running theme in Trump’s second term has been his adherence to the “unitary executive” theory , which abhors any firewalls between the president and Justice Department — or any other executive agencies’ actions. Many of Alito’s decisions reflect a preference for unchecked executive power — at least, that is, under a Republican president . Democratic presidents’ authority on matters like student loans or healthcare bring him back to his limited government roots.
2026年9月15日 / 11:23此次美联社的采访并非阿利托首次试图与特朗普保持一定距离。虽然他并未像首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨那样对针对司法独立的攻击表现出强烈抵触，但至少也做出了相应姿态。8月份，阿利托对《华尔街日报》表示：“我在每个案件中都按照自己认为正确的方式投票。如果这样投票的结果与特朗普的意愿高度吻合，那也无妨；如果结果与特朗普的意愿完全相悖，同样也无妨。”
September 15, 2026 / 11:23 The AP interview isn’t the first time he’s tried to place some daylight between himself and Trump. While not as tetchy as Chief Justice John Roberts has been when it comes to attacks on the court’s independence, Alito has at least gone through the motions. “I vote in every case the way I think the case should be decided,” Alito told The Wall Street Journal in August. “If that means a high correlation with what Trump wants, fine. If it means zero correlation with what Trump wants, fine as well.”
阿利托还拐弯抹角地为那些遭到特朗普抨击的其他大法官辩护道：“我个人对此并不认同。这个国家的每个人都有权批评我们的工作，他们的批评内容甚至可以相当尖锐；如果我们确实该受批评，那也没问题。不过言辞方式则是另一回事。”
Alito, also in a roundabout way, defended his fellow justices who’ve been the subject of Trump’s ire. “I personally am not pleased with that,” he said. “Everybody in this country has the right to criticize what we do. The substance of their criticism can be quite harsh. If we deserve it, then that’s fine. But rhetoric is a different story.”
另一方面，特朗普非常欣赏阿利托。今年夏天，他称阿利托为“史上最杰出的大法官之一”。回顾阿利托在上一司法年度对重大案件的裁决，就不难理解为何他和克拉伦斯·托马斯最受总统青睐。原本理应形成9比0的一致裁决，但阿利托却与托马斯一道，对多数派维护“出生地公民权”的立场表示反对。此外，在推翻特朗普关税政策的案件中，阿利托也与托马斯一同支持了布雷特·卡瓦诺大法官的异议意见。
Trump, on the other hand, is a huge fan of Alito , who he called “one of the Greatest of All Time” this summer. When you look at Alito’s record on major cases during the court’s last term, it’s not hard to see why he and Clarence Thomas are the president’s favorite justices. In what should have been a 9-0 decision, Alito joined Thomas in dissenting to the majority’s defense of birthright citizenship . He and Thomas also joined Justice Brett Kavanaugh’s dissent in the case overturning Trump’s tariff regime.
事实上，相较于自己在第一任期内任命的大法官，特朗普对阿利托及其过往表现更为认可。卡瓦诺、尼尔·戈萨奇以及艾米·康尼·巴雷特都曾因作出对特朗普不利的裁决而令其不满。特朗普最近在接受《时代》杂志采访时说道：“我给了他们终身任职的职位，可他们却经常投票反对我。”
In fact, Trump looks more favorably at Alito and his record than the justices he himself appointed in his first term. Kavanaugh, Neil Gorsuch and Amy Coney Barrett have all displeased the president at one point or another by ruling against him. “I gave them the position of a lifetime, and they vote against me often,” Trump recently told Time magazine .
不过，最为关键的共同点在于阿利托对选举制度的轻蔑态度。他亲自撰写了多项限制《选举权法》实施范围的裁决意见。正如去年“路易斯安那州诉卡莱斯案”所显示的那样，只要能被包装成纯粹出于党派目的，他完全乐意默许各种种族歧视性的选区划分行为。
The most important overlap, though, is in Alito’s disdain for elections. He has authored many of the decisions limiting the Voting Rights Act’s scope . As last year’s Louisiana v. Callais showed, he has no problem with allowing as many racial gerrymanders as can be justified as purely partisan.
阿利托实际上是这一运动的推波助澜者、支持者与促成者；虽然他或许无法在法庭上公然表态支持，但这一点却在他撰写的每一份裁决意见中清晰可见。
Alito is an enabler, booster and facilitator of this movement in ways that he may not be able to embrace from the bench, but which come through loud and clear in every opinion he writes.
尤为关键的是，阿利托原本打算不顾其他多数大法官的反对，推动最高法院受理得克萨斯州提出的申诉——该申诉旨在推翻特朗普落败的各州的2020年总统选举结果。不过他同时补充称，即便批准得克萨斯州提交申诉，也不会下达任何暂缓执行或暂停措施，并强调：“关于其他任何问题，我均不发表意见。”
Crucially, Alito would have gone against most of his colleagues and had the court hear a long-shot complaint from Texas seeking to overturn the 2020 presidential election’s results in states where Trump lost. He caveated that by noting he would have granted Texas’ motion to file a complaint, but not issue any kind of stay or hold, concluding, “I express no view on any other issue.”
理论上或许如此，但实际上并非如此。《纽约时报》2024年报道称，在乔·拜登总统就职前几天，有人看到阿利托家门外飘扬着倒挂的美国国旗。这一标志被众多坚信特朗普关于“大规模选举舞弊导致自己落选”言论的人所采用。阿利托试图推卸责任，称是妻子想惹恼一位反对特朗普的邻居，但他甚至拒绝做出任何形式的道歉。
That may have been true in writing, but not in practice. The New York Times reported in 2024 that an upside-down U.S. flag was seen flying outside Alito’s home in the days before President Joe Biden’s inauguration. The distress symbol had been adopted by many who believed Trump’s claims about mass voter fraud stealing the election from him. Alito deflected responsibility for this action, saying his wife was trying to antagonize an anti-Trump neighbor, but he refused to offer even a nonapology apology .
阿利托或许不会直接听从特朗普的指令，但他对被归入“MAGA阵营”所表现出的不满实在难以令人信服。他实际上是在纵容、支持并推动这一运动的发展——尽管作为法官他或许不便公开表态，但这些立场在他撰写的每一份判决意见中都体现得淋漓尽致。倘若阿利托始终属于多数派，那么他的判决所塑造的世界将与特朗普政府的愿景几乎毫无二致。
Alito may not get his marching orders from Trump, but his umbrage at being lumped in with MAGA can’t be taken seriously. He is an enabler, booster and facilitator of this movement in ways that he may not be able to embrace from the bench, but which come through loud and clear in every opinion he writes. If Alito were in the majority 100% of the time, the world his opinions would shape would be almost indistinguishable from the Trump administration’s vision.
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