10月8日——美国政府周四宣布，将暂停包括微软、Cognizant和Capgemini在内的多家全球顶尖科技与信息技术企业参与一项重要的绿卡计划。该计划旨在帮助具备专业技能的外国劳工通过就业获得美国永久居留权。
Oct 8 - The US government said on Thursday it is suspending some of the world's biggest tech and IT firms including Microsoft, Cognizant and Capgemini from a key green card program that allows skilled foreign workers to gain permanent residency through their employment. Senior US officials cited alleged fraud as the reason behind the move, saying companies have been using the program to replace American workers with cheaper foreign workers, and comes as the latest step in the Trump administration's crackdown on skilled foreign labor.
美国高级官员称，此举系因涉嫌欺诈行为而采取，并指出这些企业一直在利用该计划用成本更低的外国劳工取代美国本土员工。这也是特朗普政府打击外国技术劳工政策的最新举措。
WHAT IS UNDER SUSPENSION? The suspension is targeting a key employer-sponsorship mechanism, called the Permanent Labor Certification or PERM, which is used by major technology companies and outsourcing firms.
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The US government said that for certain companies, it would not accept any new PERM applications or process any pending ones. PERM came into effect in 2005, aiming to speed up the long processing times experienced under the previous paper-based "Alien Employment Certification" program.
哪些内容被暂停？此次暂停措施针对的是一项名为“永久劳工认证”（PERM）的雇主担保机制，该机制被众多科技巨头及外包企业广泛采用。美国政府表示，对于部分企业而言，将不再受理任何新的PERM申请，现有待处理申请也将不予审批。
Under the program, the US Department of Labor (DOL) allows an employer to sponsor a foreign worker permanent residency. The process is initiated by qualified US employers, and not individual workers.
PERM机制于2005年正式实施，旨在缩短此前以纸质流程为主的“外籍劳工就业认证”程序所带来的冗长审批周期。
The Labor Department must certify to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services that there are not enough US workers that are qualified and available for a given job opportunity, and that the employment of the foreign worker will not affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed Americans.
在该机制下，只有符合资质的美国雇主才能为外国劳工申请永久居留权，个人无权自行发起申请。劳工部必须向美国公民及移民服务局证实：市场上确实缺乏具备相应资质且愿意从事该工作的美国本地劳工，且雇佣外国劳工不会损害美国同类岗位劳动者的薪资水平及工作条件。
Outside of PERM and family-based routes to permanent residency, individuals can also self-petition for green cards through processes such as the EB-1A application for individuals with extraordinary ability or the EB-2 National Interest Waiver. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
除PERM机制及基于亲属关系的永久居留途径外，具备特殊才能的人士也可通过其他途径自行申请绿卡，例如针对杰出人才设立的EB-1A类别或基于国家利益豁免的EB-2类别。
The PERM program serves as a critical bridge between temporary work status and a green card for many foreign skilled workers.
为何此举措意义重大？ PERM项目对众多具备专业技能的外国劳工而言，是从临时工作身份转为获得绿卡的重要桥梁。许多信息技术企业雇佣了数十万名员工，这些人通常以H-1B等临时工作签证入境，之后才会寻求永久居留权。
Many IT firms employ hundreds of thousands of workers who typically start on temporary work visas such as the H-1B, and later seek permanent residency. Without the option to be sponsored by their employer under PERM, foreign workers could lose a key route to permanent residency and would have to stay on temporary visas for longer.
倘若无法通过PERM程序获得雇主的担保，这些外国劳工便将失去获得永久居留权的关键途径，只能长期依赖临时签证。对企业而言，招募海外人才也会变得更为困难，因为许多海外求职者都将获得美国永久居留权视为选择一份工作的核心考量因素。哪些企业被暂停参与该计划？
For companies, recruiting foreign talent could become harder, as many workers overseas view the path to permanent US residency as a key reason for taking a job. WHICH COMPANIES ARE UNDER SUSPENSION? The US said it is suspending Microsoft (MSFT.O) and Adobe (ADBE.O) along with some of the largest IT firms in the world, including Cognizant (CTSH.O), Infosys (INFY.NS), Tata Consultancy Services (TCS.NS), Wipro (WIPR.NS), HCL Technologies (HCLT.NS) and Capgemini (CAPP.PA).
美国方面宣布，微软（MSFT.O）、Adobe（ADBE.O）以及科尼卡特（CTSH.O）、印孚瑟斯（INFY.NS）、塔塔咨询服务公司（TCS.NS）、维普罗（WIPR.NS）、HCL科技（HCLT.NS）和凯捷集团（CAPP.PA）等全球多家大型信息技术企业均被暂停参与该计划。
Other companies such as Meta (META.O), Amazon (AMZN.O) or Alphabet's Google (GOOGL.O) remain free to participate in the program.
而Meta（META.O）、亚马逊（AMZN.O）以及 Alphabet旗下的谷歌（GOOGL.O）等其他企业仍可继续参与该计划。美国为何暂停相关申请？
WHY IS THE US FREEZING APPLICATIONS? The move widens an ongoing crackdown on visas which the Trump administration has said cost US jobs.
此举标志着特朗普政府针对各类工作签证实施的整治行动进一步升级，政府声称此类签证政策导致美国本土就业岗位流失。副总统JD·万斯虽未提供具体证据，但称部分企业利用PERM项目用外国劳工取代美国本土员工，进而压低薪资水平。
Vice President JD Vance said, without citing specific evidence, companies are using the PERM program to replace American employees with foreign workers and undercut their wages. Vance said on Thursday: "Our message to Microsoft is: You're a great American company, but you've got to hire great American workers."
万斯周四表示：“我们想对微软传达的信息是：你们是一家优秀的美国企业，但必须优先雇佣优秀的美国员工。”此次暂停措施是在特朗普总统下令对高技能外国劳工的新申请H-1B签证收取10万美元一次性费用之后实施的，不过该收费措施目前已被联邦法院裁定暂停执行。PERM与H-1B有何区别？
The suspensions follow President Trump's move to impose a one-time $100,000 fee on new H-1B visa petitions for highly skilled foreign workers, which has been blocked by federal court orders. HOW IS PERM DIFFERENT FROM H-1B? H-1B is a temporary work visa that allows skilled foreign workers to work in the US, generally for up to six years.
H-1B属于临时工作签证，允许具备专业技能的外国劳工在美国工作，有效期通常为六年。而PERM则是一项旨在确认雇主确有招聘需求且无法找到合适美国本土劳工的永久劳工认证程序。此次暂停措施似乎并不会直接影响当前已持有H-1B签证的人员。限制PERM流程可能适得其反一些专家指出，虽然暂停PERM流程的举措看似针对特定企业，但这种政策却可能阻碍高技能外籍人才进入美国，进而削弱美国的全球竞争力。
PERM meanwhile is a permanent labor-certification process. The freeze does not appear to directly affect current holders of H-1B visas. HOW CURTAILING PERM COULD BACKFIRE Some experts said that while the PERM suspensions might target specific companies, such policies risk making the US less competitive globally by deterring highly skilled foreign talent. "It is a fallacy to think that you can protect American workers by keeping skilled foreign workers out of the country.
“试图通过阻止高技能外籍人士入境来保护本国劳动者，这种想法是错误的。人们以为这些人才会在美国境内与本地劳动者竞争，但实际上即便无法进入美国，他们同样会在海外与美国人展开竞争，”科尔盖特大学拉默特公民与全球事务研究所所长查德·斯帕伯说道。
You think that foreign talent competes with Americans within our borders, they'll certainly compete with Americans by working abroad," said Chad Sparber, Director of the Lampert Institute for Civic and Global Affairs at Colgate University.
斯坦福大学移民政策实验室的博士后研究员艾哈迈德·古莱克指出，永久居留权是优秀外籍人才留在美国的主要途径；若缺乏这一途径，部分人才会选择离开，甚至有些人根本不会前来美国，哪怕只是短期停留。
Ahmet Gulek, Postdoctoral Fellow at Stanford’s Immigration Policy Lab, said that permanent residency is the primary way for talented foreign workers to stay in the country and without it, some will leave, and some will not come in the first place, even temporarily.