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油轮运费创历史新高,更多原油经由霍尔木兹海峡运输Rates for oil tankers hit record high, as more crude passes through Hormuz

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金秀贤/路透社Kim Soo-hyeon/Reuters

油轮租金创下新高,导致原油期货名义价格与实际接收原油成本之间的差距进一步扩大。尽管针对油轮的袭击事件不断增加,但过去一周经由霍尔木兹海峡出口的原油平均每天仍达到约1000万桶。然而,大型油轮在海峡外等待小型船舶转运原油所需的时间,实际上造成了油轮短缺。目前,租用一艘大型油轮将原油从美国运往亚洲的成本已高达7700万美元,而去年这一数字还不到1000万美元。

Charter rates for oil tankers hit a fresh record, driving a larger wedge between the nominal price of crude futures and what it costs to actually receive barrels. Crude oil exiting the Strait of Hormuz averaged about 10 million barrels per day over the past week, despite a rising number of attacks on tankers. But the time required for the largest tankers to rest outside the strait waiting for crude deliveries from smaller vessels has effectively created a tanker shortage. It now costs up to $77 million to hire a large tanker to move crude from the US to Asia, up from less than $10 million last year.

与此同时,原油期货价格的波动更多是基于交易员对特朗普政府声明的看法,而非实际原油的流动。分析师阿姆里塔·森(Amrita Sen)在《金融时报》撰文称,这使得期货价格“作为真实供应指标的可靠性日益降低”;目前布伦特原油的现货价格与期货价格之间的差距已达到自战争开始以来的最高水平。贸易公司维多(Vitol)的首席执行官警告称,由于紧急原油储备已被耗尽,如果海湾地区的出口再次下降,“每桶200美元的情况确实可能发生”。

Crude futures, meanwhile, fluctuated based more on traders’ perceptions of Trump administration statements than by the flow of physical barrels, which has made them “increasingly unreliable as a proxy for genuine supply,” analyst Amrita Sen wrote in the Financial Times; the gap between the “dated” and futures prices for Brent is now the highest since the war started. And because emergency crude stocks have already been drained, if Gulf exports fall again, “you do have that $200-a-barrel scenario,” the CEO of trading house Vitol warned. Meanwhile, the International Energy Agency clarified that last week’s G7 commitment to release diesel from strategic supplies will be drawn from the volume originally authorized in March, and not represent any new barrels; European diesel prices jumped 8% on the news.

此外,国际能源署澄清称,七国集团(G7)上周承诺从战略储备中释放柴油,将从3月份最初授权的额度中提取,并不代表任何新的供应;受此消息影响,欧洲柴油价格上涨了8%。

— Tim McDonnell