时隔四年，一名乌克兰男子即将在汉堡接受审判，他被指控破坏了“北溪”天然气管道。
After four years, a Ukrainian man is set to stand trial in Hamburg accused of sabotaging the Nord Stream pipelines.
据莎拉·雷恩斯福德报道，谢尔希·K与妻子及年幼的孩子们一同入住意大利亚得里亚海沿岸的一家豪华露营度假村，看上去心情轻松。
By Sarah Rainsford Serhii K appeared relaxed as he checked in to the glamping resort near Italy's Adriatic coast with his wife and young children.
这位前乌克兰特种部队士兵身着短裤、凉鞋，头戴深色棒球帽，来回踱步，一边与前台工作人员闲聊，一边不停地从免费零食碗里取食。然而，德国警方早已在暗中监视他。
Dressed in shorts, sandals and a dark baseball cap, the former Ukrainian Special Forces soldier strolled back and forth, chatting with the receptionist and dipping repeatedly into a bowl of free snacks. But German police were already closing in on him.
经过缜密调查，警方认定谢尔希·K指挥实施了数十年来欧洲规模最大的破坏行动：2022年9月，他在波罗的海海底引爆了一系列炸药，致使“北溪”天然气管道严重受损，德国由此失去了来自俄罗斯的天然气供应。
After a painstaking investigation, they had concluded that Serhii K had commanded Europe's biggest act of sabotage in decades: a series of explosions in September 2022 deep beneath the Baltic Sea that ripped through the giant Nord Stream pipelines and ruptured the supply of Russian gas to Germany.
下周，在被引渡至德国并在高安全级别监狱中关押数月后，谢尔希·K将在汉堡受审。他被指控犯有爆炸罪及战争罪——即破坏民用基础设施，据称其行为是受“乌克兰国家机构”指使。谢尔希·K本人及其祖国均否认与此事有关。
Next week, following his extradition to Germany and months in isolation in a high security prison, Serhii K will go on trial in Hamburg. He is charged with causing an explosion and a war crime – attacking civilian infrastructure – allegedly acting on behalf of "state agencies of Ukraine". Both he and his country have denied any involvement.
根据德国的隐私保护法规，庭审期间他仅会以“谢尔希·K”这一化名出现；但在引渡程序中，他的真实身份被确认为谢尔希·库兹涅佐夫。
Under Germany's privacy rules, he will be named during the trial only as Serhii K, but during extradition proceedings he was identified as Serhii Kuznetsov.
2022年9月26日凌晨2点03分，第一起爆炸发生，导致“北溪”管道部分断裂，大量天然气喷涌至波罗的海海面。
It was 02:03 am on 26 September 2022 when the first blast severed part of the Nord Stream pipelines, sending vast quantities of gas gushing through the surface of the Baltic Sea.
随后又发生了两次爆炸，分别针对尚未正式启用但已注满天然气的“北溪-2”管道，以及原本承担着德国全年约一半天然气需求的“北溪-1”管道。自那以后，这两条管道便彻底无法使用。
There were two further explosions targeting both Nord Stream 2 – not yet in action, but already full – and the original Nord Stream 1 that had supplied around half of Germany's annual demand for natural gas. Both have been inoperable ever since.
检方称，这些“高性能炸药”被埋设在海面下约80米深处：共有四枚炸药，每枚重达27公斤，均通过定时器引爆。
Prosecutors say "high-performance explosives" were planted approximately 80m (260ft) below the surface: four devices weighing up to 27kg each, activated with timers.
他们“高度怀疑”谢尔希·K领导了一个团队，其中包括四名深海潜水员，并使用了一艘名为“安德罗梅达”的租赁游艇。
They "strongly suspect" that Serhii K led a crew that included four deep-sea divers, using a rented yacht called Andromeda.
一旦他们完成这项复杂而危险的行动，破坏者便悄然返回乌克兰，并未意识到有人可能在船上留下了DNA证据。
Once their complex, dangerous mission was done, the saboteurs slipped back into Ukraine unaware of the DNA evidence some had allegedly left on the boat.
随着爆炸消息的传播，专家和某些政府起初得出了相同的结论：他们将责任归咎于莫斯科。
As word of the blasts spread, experts and some governments initially rushed to the same conclusion: they blamed Moscow.
毕竟，俄罗斯过去就有发动混合攻击的历史，也曾利用能源供应进行政治施压。
Russia had a history of hybrid attacks, after all, and of using its energy supplies for political pressure.
然而，当媒体充斥着评论员提及爆炸地点附近“可疑”的俄罗斯海军活动时，德国警方却无视了这些喧嚣。他们继续追寻着法医调查留下的蛛丝马迹。最终，这些线索指向了乌克兰。
But as the airwaves filled with commentators citing "suspicious" Russian naval activity near the blast site, German police ignored the noise. They went on following the forensic crumbs. Eventually they led to Ukraine.
调查人员此后构建的案件指控称，谢尔希·K使用伪造的护照进入德国实施“北溪”袭击，该护照很可能由乌克兰安全部门签发。在送往意大利的引渡文件中，他的名字被记为谢尔希·库利尼奇。这或许可以解释为何他在意大利度假时看起来如此镇定。
The case since built by investigators alleges that Serhii K entered Germany for the Nord Stream attack on a forged passport, likely issued by Ukraine's security services. In the extradition files sent to Italy he is named as Serhii Kulinich. That might explain why he looked so calm on his holiday in Italy.
在过去一年里，他一直广泛旅行且未遭遇任何意外。BBC看到的一份真实护照副本上，有超过二十多个来自法国、西班牙和加拿大等国的签证印章——所有日期都在“北溪”袭击事件之后。
He had been travelling widely, and without incident, for the past year. In a copy of his real passport seen by the BBC there are more than two dozen stamps from countries including France, Spain and Canada – all dated after the Nord Stream attacks.
但到2025年8月13日，德国已经锁定了关键嫌疑人。这一次，当谢尔希·K进入波兰时，他被发现了。
But by 13 August 2025, Germany had identified its key suspect and this time, when Serhii K crossed into Poland, he was detected.
意大利警方表示，正式的逮捕令直到8月18日才签发，当时他已经南下并离开波兰。这表明德国方面不确定其邻国是否会配合将其拘留。
Italian police say the actual arrest warrant was only issued on 18 August after he had travelled south and left Poland, suggesting the Germans were not sure their neighbours would co-operate and detain him.
当晚深夜，警方抵达执行逮捕，将谢尔希·K戴上手铐，带离了豪华露营地和他的家人。
Police arrived to make their arrest late that night, leading Serhii K away from the glamping site and his family in handcuffs.
破坏者方面，“北溪”袭击的所有嫌疑人都未公开表态，也没有人承认在爆炸中扮演任何角色。
The saboteurs None of the Nord Stream suspects have spoken publicly and no-one admits any role in the explosions.
但我已经与卷入此案的一些乌克兰人以及他们身边的人进行了交谈。
But I have talked to some of the Ukrainians caught up in the case, and people close to them.
“任何承认参与这次行动的人，都会立即成为俄罗斯的目标，”一位消息人士解释说。“无论谁干的，都永远无法证实这一点。”“北溪”天然气管道是一项重大投资，对莫斯科而言，它在燃料销售方面价值巨大。但这也使德国及其他国家对其产生依赖，让俄罗斯在欧洲获得了巨大的影响力。正因如此，乌克兰、美国，尤其是波兰，都对它深恶痛绝。
"Anyone who admits involvement in this mission, they're immediately a target for Russia," one source explained. "Whoever did it can never confirm that." Nord Stream was a major investment and worth big money to Moscow in fuel sales. But it also made Germany and others dependent, giving Russia immense leverage over Europe. That is why Ukraine, the US and Poland in particular all loathed it.
我交谈的另一位消息人士则因这项调查而“焦虑不堪”，并对德国——乌克兰的亲密盟友——竟然还要追究刑事责任感到困惑。
Another source I spoke to was "eaten alive by anxiety" over the investigation and baffled that Germany, a close ally of Ukraine, was even pursuing prosecution.
“许多乌克兰人认为，这些管道曾帮助俄罗斯作战，因此炸毁它们对我国来说是一件好事，”他们指出。
"Many Ukrainians believe that these pipelines, they helped Russia to fight so blowing them up was a good thing for our country," they pointed out.
德国检察院告诉我，司法系统不受任何政治影响。破坏行为属于对德国宪法的犯罪。同样让乌克兰人感到沮丧的是，他们自己的政府保持沉默。
The German prosecutor's office told me the justice system was outside of any politics. Sabotage is an offence against Germany's constitution. Equally frustrating for the Ukrainians I met was their own government's silence.
“他至少是一名军人，所以如果有任何问题，应该向国家提出，而不是向他，”谢尔希·K的一位密友抱怨道。
"At the very minimum, he's a military man, so if there are any questions, they should be addressed to the state, not to him," a close contact of Serhii K complained.
在他被引渡到德国之前，他在意大利的律师告诉我，他的当事人感到“被抛弃了”。德国有一长串嫌疑人名单，但迄今为止只公布了另一个名字。
Ahead of his extradition to Germany, his lawyer here in Italy told me his client had felt "abandoned". Germany has a whole list of suspects, but only one other name has been revealed so far.
弗拉基米尔·朱拉夫廖夫目前正从克罗地亚争取不被引渡，他于8月在该国被捕。
Volodymyr Zhuravlyov is currently fighting extradition from Croatia where he was arrested in August.
他当时是在那里担任一部关于“北溪”爆炸事件的新惊悚片的顾问，尽管他否认在现实中的行动中扮演任何角色。
He was there as a consultant on a new thriller film about the Nord Stream blasts, though he denies any role in the real-life operation.
在知道德国正在追捕自己的情况下，他仍然选择出行，这是一次冒险之举。
Travelling was a risky move, when he knew Germany was pursuing him.
自俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰前不久以来，朱拉夫廖夫就一直和家人住在华沙，并在那里拥有一家安装空调的生意。他还是一名技术娴熟、经验丰富的深海潜水员。但他是一名平民。
Zhuravylov has lived in Warsaw with his family since just before Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and has his own business there installing air conditioning. He is also a keen and competent deep-sea diver. But he is a civilian.
去年，他根据德国签发的逮捕令在华沙被捕，但一名波兰法官拒绝将其引渡。
Last year, he was arrested in Warsaw on a warrant issued by Germany but a Polish judge refused to extradite him.
剧情急转，他反而裁定，如果乌克兰确实袭击了“北溪”管道，那么在这场“血腥且带有种族灭绝性质的战争”中，此举将被视为“正义”的行为。
In a dramatic twist, he ruled instead that a Ukrainian attack on Nord Stream, if that was what happened, would be a "just" act in a "bloody and genocidal war".
一位接近此案的消息人士曾这样对我说：“从历史上看，波兰人不喜欢乌克兰人，但他们更讨厌俄罗斯人和德国人。”而克罗地亚的情况则不同。政治涟漪 此案的影响远远超出了汉堡的法庭。
As one source close to the case put it to me: "The Poles don't like Ukrainians, historically, but they hate Russians and Germans even more." Croatia is a different matter. Political ripples The implications of this case reach far beyond the courthouse in Hamburg.
在起步缓慢之后，德国如今已成为乌克兰最大的军事援助供应国。目前在民意调查中势头正旺的极右翼政党“选择德国党”（AfD），则利用“北溪”案来强化其主张：对基辅的支持必须停止。至少对柏林和基辅的政府而言，这都令人尴尬。
After a slow start, Germany is now Ukraine's biggest supplier of military aid. The far-right AfD party, currently riding high in the polls, has seized on the Nord Stream case to bolster its argument that support for Kyiv needs to stop. It is awkward, at the very least, for the governments in both Berlin and Kyiv.
此案还引发了关于何为合法军事目标的问题：在公开战区之外，谁可以攻击什么、以及攻击何处？
It also raises questions about what constitutes a legitimate military target: who can hit what, and where, outside an open war zone.
当被问及爆炸事件时，泽连斯基总统此前曾坚称，乌克兰“绝对没有做过这种事”。本周，一名外交部门发言人则说得更为直接。
When asked about the explosions, President Zelensky has previously insisted that Ukraine "definitely didn't do that". This week, a foreign ministry spokesman went further.
赫奥尔基·蒂基伊向BBC强硬表示：“我非常遗憾，整个讨论最终都聚焦于谁炸毁了这些管道，而不是谁建造了它们。”
"I find it very unfortunate that this entire discussion has come to focus on who blew [the pipelines] up, rather than who built them," Heorhii Tykhyi told the BBC, forcefully.
他认为，“北溪”管道的爆炸“解开了俄罗斯发动战争的手脚”，因为俄罗斯不再需要通过乌克兰输气管道将天然气输送到欧洲。
He argued that the Nord Stream pipelines had "untied Russia's hands" to go to war, because it no longer needed that to transit Ukraine for its gas to reach Europe.
蒂基伊质问道：“我们是否曾警告过这一点？我们确实警告过。有人听我们的吗？没有，根本没人听。”
"Did we warn about this? We did," Tykhyi wanted to know. "Did anyone listen to us?
首位被告 谢尔希·K很快将成为这起备受关注的审判中第一个面临指控的嫌疑人。
No, no-one did." First in the dock Serhii K will shortly become the first suspect to face charges in this high profile trial.
理论上，朱拉夫廖夫的案件日后或许可以合并审理，但这将十分复杂。了解谢尔希·K的人称他是一位爱国者。
Zhuravlyov's case could be merged, in theory, at a later date, though that would be complicated. Those who know Serhii K call him a patriot.
在俄罗斯入侵时，尽管他育有多个孩子且依法享有豁免权，但他仍自愿参军保卫乌克兰，并一直战斗到2023年12月。
He signed up to defend Ukraine when Russia invaded even though he had several children and was exempt - and fought until December 2023.
他的军人身份证件显示，在管道被炸毁时，他仍处于现役状态，这意味着乌克兰军方指挥部中的某个人确切地知道他在哪里以及他在做什么。不过，他们并未承认这一点。而且，在法庭上，谢尔希·K本人也绝不会透露一个字。
His military ID shows that he was still in active service when the pipelines were blown up, meaning someone in Ukraine's military command knew exactly where he was and what he was doing. They are not saying, though. And in court Serhii K himself will not say a word, either.
他的法律团队将主张，作为军人，他无权披露任何行动的细节，并会提交两名军事上级的宣誓声明作为证据。我听说其中一人正是被广泛指认为整个“北溪”阴谋主谋的人。
His legal team will argue that he is not authorised to reveal details of any activities as a soldier and produce sworn statements from two of his military superiors to back that up. I am told one of them will be the man widely named as the mastermind of the entire Nord Stream plot.