巴西参议院已批准一项宪法修正案，将最长工作周从44小时缩减至40小时，且不削减薪资。
Brazil’s Senate has approved a constitutional amendment to reduce the maximum workweek from 44 to 40 hours without cutting salaries.
毛里西奥·萨瓦雷塞、埃莱奥诺尔·休斯 圣保罗报道 — 巴西参议院周三批准了一项宪法修正案，将该国最长工作周从44小时缩减至40小时且不削减薪资，此举获得总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦支持，他希望借此提升自己在10月25日总统决选中对阵弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗的声势。
MAURICIO SAVARESE, ELÉONORE HUGHES SAO PAULO — Brazil’s Senate approved a constitutional amendment Wednesday to reduce the country’s maximum workweek from 44 to 40 hours without a salary cut, a move backed by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who hopes it will boost his standing against Flávio Bolsonaro in the Oct. 25 presidential runoff.
预计卢拉将在下周签署缩短工作周法案使其生效，此前该措施在参议院两轮投票中均以压倒性多数通过。博尔索纳罗阵营的许多议员此前阻挠该倡议数月，此次停止阻挠并站到了总统盟友一边。
Lula is expected to sign the shorter workweek into law next week after the measure passed the Senate with an overwhelming majority in two votes. Many lawmakers of Bolsonaro’s opposition stopped blocking the initiative as they did for months and sided with allies of the president.
“难道我没说过这招会奏效吗？”巴西参议院议长达维·阿尔科伦布雷在第一轮投票结果公布后说道。他在决选首轮和次轮投票之间安排了此次表决。近期民调显示，尽管许多企业主反对，但该措施获得广泛支持。
“Didn’t I say this was going to work?” said Davi Alcolumbre, the president of Brazil’s Senate, after the result of the first vote was announced. He set up the vote between the first and the second round of the election. Recent polls indicated widespread support for the measure, despite the opposition of many business owners.
“绝大多数选民已选定候选人，因此支持率的任何变动都可能决定大选结果，”里约热内卢联邦大学政治学家马伊拉·古拉尔特表示。
“The majority of voters have already chosen their candidate, so any shift in approval can determine the election,” said Mayra Goulart, a political scientist from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
卢拉近日采取多项举措以在决选前巩固支持，包括新的燃油减税、延长现有补贴、承诺豁免360多万家小企业的联邦政府债务、决定屏蔽监狱周边手机信号，以及增加大学生福利计划的发放金额。工作周制度的变革被视为这些举措的巅峰之作。
Lula has taken a number of steps in recent days to shore up support before the runoff, including new fuel tax cuts, the extension of existing subsidies the pledge to pardon debts of more than 3.6 million small businesses with the federal government, the decision to block signal for cell phones around prisons, and a boost in payments of a welfare program for university students. The change in the workweek system is regarded as the pinnacle of those initiatives.
周二，在第一轮选举中以220万票击败卢拉的博尔索纳罗宣布支持该措施，这与他此前长期的反对立场形成逆转。他此前主张采用更灵活的按小时计酬制度，呼吁雇员与雇主进行个别谈判，并多次称该立法是出于选举动机。
On Tuesday, Bolsonaro, who bested Lula by 2.2 million votes in the first-round election, declared his support for the measure, a reversal from his previous long-standing opposition. He previously advocated for a more flexible payment-by-the-hour regime, called for individual negotiations between employees and employers and repeatedly called the legislation election-motivated.
“在我看来，在社会压力下，在巴西全境的街头抗议之后，（博尔索纳罗的）自由党决定投票终止‘六天上班一天休’的安排，”卢拉周二表示。
“It seems to me that, after societal pressure, after all the street protests in Brazil, (Bolsonaro’s) Liberal Party decided to vote to end the six days on, one day off schedule,” Lula said Tuesday.
博尔索纳罗在宣布支持该变动几小时后告诉企业主，新国会届时博尔索纳罗所在的党可能在2月与其他盟友一起获得简单多数，届时可以审议该措施，当地报纸《环球报》如此报道。
Hours after announcing his support for the change, Bolsonaro told business owners that the new Congress, where Bolsonaro’s party could reach a simple majority with other allied parties come February, could review the measure, local newspaper O Globo reported.
该宪法修正案规定每周工作时间上限为40小时，并设两天休息日，且不降低工资。根据政府数据，超过3700万名工人可能受益于新规。
The constitutional amendment establishes a 40-hour weekly limit and two rest days without reducing pay. More than 37 million workers could benefit from the new rules, according to the government.
卢拉政府自去年以来一直在推进该提案。“任何在选举年作出的改动都可被视为选举措施，”巴西Getulio Vargas基金会（一个智库和大学）的经济学家卡拉·贝尼如此表示。
Lula’s government has been working on the proposal since last year. “Any change made in an election year can be considered an electoral measure,” said Carla Beni, an economist at the Getulio Vargas Foundation, a think-tank and university.
从事影子经济的人员，如自由职业者和外卖骑手，不会受到新立法的影响。
People working in the shadow economy, such as freelancers and delivery drivers, will not be affected by the new legislation.
此项改革的推动力反映出拉美地区正在增长的趋势。邻国智利和哥伦比亚最近分别通过了具有里程碑意义的立法，将各自的工作周缩短至40小时和42小时，这鼓舞了巴西劳工团体争取同样的待遇。
The momentum behind this reform reflects a growing trend across Latin America. Neighboring countries such as Chile and Colombia have recently enacted landmark legislation to shorten their respective workweeks to 40 and 42 hours, which emboldened Brazilian labor groups to seek the same.
2月，墨西哥立法者批准了总统克劳迪娅·谢因鲍姆提出的将48小时工作周缩短的提案。工作时间将逐步缩短，到2030年实现每周40小时工作制。
In February, Mexican lawmakers approved a proposal by President Claudia Sheinbaum to trim the 48-hour workweek. Working hours will be shortened gradually to a 40-hour workweek by 2030.
智利在2023年通过了所谓的40小时工作法，该法自去年起将工作周缩短至40小时。该法适用于智利劳动法典下的所有工人，且不降低工资。
Chile in 2023 passed the so-called 40-Hour Law, which reduced its workweek to 40 hours as of last year. It applies to all workers under Chile’s Labor Code, without reducing pay.
但阿根廷在哈维尔·米莱总统的领导下逆势而行，可能将把其48小时工作周延长。
But Argentina has bucked that trend under President Javier Milei and may extend its 48-hour workweek.
该修正案给企业14个月的时间来采用更短的工作周，这是谈判中的一个关键分歧点。许多企业领导人和立法者希望这些变化能够在10年内逐步实施。
The amendment gives businesses 14 months to adopt the shorter workweek, which was a key sticking point in the negotiations. Many business leaders and lawmakers wanted the changes to be made gradually over 10 years.