一张显示霍尔木兹海峡的地图见于2026年3月23日拍摄的这幅插图中。——路透社 联合国支持的机制可能在美伊达成协议后7至10天内启动。冲突已基本停止了化肥从海湾地区的出口。美国和伊朗未立即回应置评请求。
A map showing the Strait of Hormuz is seen in this illustration taken March 23, 2026.— Reuters UN-backed mechanism could start in 7-10 days of US-Iran deal. Conflict has largely halted fertiliser shipments out of the Gulf. US, Iran did not immediately reply to a request for comment.
一位负责监督拟议方案的官员周三表示，如果美国和伊朗未能在几周内就一项联合国支持的、通过霍尔木兹海峡运输化肥的计划达成一致，可能会导致亚洲和非洲部分地区出现粮食安全危机。
A failure by the United States and Iran to agree within weeks on a UN-backed plan for moving fertiliser through the Strait of Hormuz could cause a food security crisis in parts of Asia and Africa, an official overseeing the proposed scheme said on Wednesday.
联合国于3月成立了一个工作组，以促进化肥通过该海峡的通行。该机制尚未实施，但联合国副秘书长若热·莫雷拉·达席尔瓦表示，一旦华盛顿和德黑兰达成协议，该机制可能在7至10天内启动。
The United Nations set up a task force in March to facilitate passage of fertilisers through the strait. It has yet to implement the mechanism it drew up, but United Nations Under-Secretary-General Jorge Moreira da Silva said this could be activated within 7-10 days of an agreement between Washington and Tehran.
他在曼谷接受采访时表示：“在未来几周内达成协议绝对至关重要。否则，我们将错过播种季节。”采访是在国际货币基金组织和世界银行年会期间进行的。
"It's absolutely crucial to get the deal in the next few weeks. Otherwise, we will miss the planting season," he said in an interview in Bangkok, on the sidelines of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank annual meetings.
美国国务院发言人回应提问时表示，美军已协助数千艘商船通过该海峡。
In response to questions from a US State Department spokesman said the US military has assisted thousands of commercial vessels with transiting the strait.
他说：“美国将继续对伊朗试图破坏霍尔木兹海峡航行自由、并以此要挟全球经济的行为采取果断行动。”白宫和伊朗驻曼谷大使馆未立即回应置评请求。
"The United States will continue to take decisive action against Iran's attempts to disrupt freedom of navigation through the Strait of Hormuz and hold the global economy hostage," he said. The White House and Iran's Embassy in Bangkok did not immediately reply to a request for comment.
自2月28日美国和以色列空袭以来，伊朗一直试图加强对霍尔木兹海峡的控制，利用这一咽喉要道向华盛顿施压，后者一直在对伊朗港口实施自己的海上封锁。
Iran has sought to tighten its grip on the Strait of Hormuz since US and Israeli strikes on February 28, using the chokepoint to pressure Washington, which has been pressing its own naval blockade of Iranian ports.
战前，该水道处理了全球贸易尿素（世界上使用最广泛的化肥）的大约三分之一，以及近一半的海运硫磺（一种关键投入品）。它也是全球石油供应的主要通道。
Before the war, the waterway handled roughly a third of globally traded urea — the world's most widely used fertiliser — and nearly half of seaborne sulphur, a key input. It is also a major conduit for global oil supplies.
总部位于华盛顿的国际食物政策研究所上月发布报告指出，冲突爆发六个月有余，海湾地区的化肥运输仍基本处于停滞状态。报告指出，在6月中旬至7月中旬的停火期间，恢复运输的货物中化肥所占比例“微乎其微”。
Fertiliser shipments out of the Gulf region remained largely halted more than six months after the start of the conflict, the Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute said in a note last month. Fertiliser products accounted for a "very negligible" share of the resumption of some shipping during a ceasefire between mid-June and mid-July, it said.
根据国际商会8月份发布的报告，如果霍尔木兹海峡的运输中断状况持续下去，谷物价格可能上涨81%，油籽类产品价格可能上涨66%，畜产品价格则可能上涨30%。
Five vessels per day If the Hormuz disruption continues, commodity prices could rise by up to 81% for cereals, 66% for oil crops and 30% for animal products, according to an August report by the International Chamber of Commerce.
联合国项目事务署执行主任莫雷拉·达席尔瓦指出：“若错过此次播种季，农业生产效率将大幅下降，对物价的冲击也会显著加剧。”
"If we miss that planting season, the productivity of agriculture would significantly drop and the impact on prices will significantly increase," said Moreira da Silva, who is also the executive director of the United Nations Office for Project Services.
拟议中的行动方案将以阿曼的协调中心为枢纽，指挥船只安全通行；联合国监督人员还将与海湾地区各港口的当地当局合作，核实货物的装载情况。
The proposed operation would use a coordination centre in Oman to vessels and coordinate safe passage, with UN monitors working alongside local authorities at Gulf ports to verify cargo loading.
莫雷拉·达席尔瓦表示，每天仅允许五艘船只通过霍尔木兹海峡，便足以保障急需化肥的国家获得供应。
The passage of only five vessels per day through Hormuz could keep fertiliser supplies flowing to countries in critical need, Moreira da Silva said.
他补充道，船只航行期间将受到全程追踪；若相关国家对某艘船只或其所载货物存在疑虑，还可实施额外检查。
Ships would be tracked during transit, and additional inspections could be carried out if countries raised concerns about a vessel or its cargo, he added.
多个航运要道受阻自6月份临时停火协议破裂以来，伊朗与美国一直通过中间人交换提议，但由于德黑兰提出的条件以及华盛顿坚持须首先解决伊朗核计划问题，重新开放霍尔木兹海峡的努力至今未能取得进展。
Multiple shipping chokepoints Iran and the United States have exchanged proposals through intermediaries since a June interim ceasefire collapsed, but efforts to reopen the Strait of Hormuz have stalled over Tehran's conditions and Washington's insistence on addressing Iran's nuclear programme from the outset.
莫雷拉·达席尔瓦称，拟议中的联合国机制可与旨在实现持久和平及航运自由的全面协议谈判同步推进。
The proposed UN mechanism could operate alongside negotiations on a comprehensive deal aimed at securing lasting peace and freedom of navigation, Moreira da Silva said.
“我们告诉他们的是，在你们继续就全面协议进行讨论的同时，让我们工作，让我们履行职责，”他说，并拒绝具体说明在讨论仍在进行的情况下，双方达成协议的确切瓶颈。
"What we are telling them is, while you continue your discussions towards a comprehensive deal, let us work, let us do our job," he said, declining to specify the exact bottlenecks to a deal as discussions continue with both sides.
除了霍尔木兹危机之外，黑海地区局势恶化，货船在此受到袭击，伊朗支持的胡塞武装分子在红海关键航运路线上发动进攻，这些因素叠加，正在加剧对全球粮食安全的威胁。
Beyond the Hormuz crisis, a deteriorating situation in the Black Sea region, where cargo vessels have come under attack, and an offensive by Iran-backed Houthi militants along a key Red Sea shipping route are compounding the threat to global food security.
“我们现在所目睹的是多种因素的集中，”莫雷拉·达席尔瓦说。“气候危机，黑海、红海和霍尔木兹的海上咽喉要道同时受到干扰。”
"What we are witnessing now is a concentration of factors," Moreira da Silva said. "Climate crisis, simultaneous disruption of maritime chokepoints on the Black Sea, on the Red Sea and on Hormuz."