伦敦10月15日电 —— 防务专家和路透社对卫星图像的分析显示，俄罗斯在短短六周内几乎建成了一座用于发射喷气动力无人机的大型新基地，这是其在乌克兰附近扩大攻击能力的最新举动。
LONDON, Oct 15 - Russia has nearly finished building a major new base for launching jet-powered drones in just six weeks, according to defence experts and a Reuters analysis of satellite imagery, in the latest expansion of its attack capability close to Ukraine.
Planet Labs和空中客车公司提供的商业图像显示，位于俄罗斯西南部罗斯托夫州的一处在8月31日时还是一片空地的地点，到周三已经变成了一个面积约为126个足球场大小的综合设施。
The site in what was an empty field in Russia's southwestern Rostov region on August 31 had become a complex facility the size of around 126 soccer pitches by Wednesday, commercial imagery provided by Planet Labs and Airbus showed.
该设施的建设正值俄罗斯对乌克兰使用喷气动力攻击无人机激增之际，乌克兰目前正艰难拦截这些时速可达600公里的更快武器。
The construction coincides with a surge in the use of Russian jet-powered attack drones against Ukraine, which is struggling to intercept the faster weapons that can travel at speeds of up to 600 km per hour.
随着全面战争进入第五个年头，基辅预计俄罗斯今年冬天将进一步升级喷气式无人机和导弹袭击。
With the full-scale war well into its fifth year, Kyiv expects Russia to further escalate jet drone and missile attacks this winter.
私营情报公司DroneSec创始人兼首席执行官迈克·莫尼克表示，图像中的该基地将能够发射俄罗斯最新型号的喷气动力无人机“天竺葵-4”和“天竺葵-5”。
Mike Monnik, founder and CEO of private intelligence company DroneSec, said the site in the imagery would be capable of launching the Geran-4 and Geran-5 models, Russia's newest types of jet-powered drone.
他说，该设施的西侧显示有八个用于发射这些无人机的发射轨道平台，这为俄罗斯用于对乌克兰发动无人机袭击的现有至少11个固定发射场网络增添了新力量。
He said the western edge of the facility showed eight platforms for launch rails capable of firing those drones, adding to an existing Russian network of at least 11 fixed launch sites used for drone attacks on Ukraine.
莫尼克说：“建设速度……表明了俄罗斯能够以多么轻松的速度迅速发挥现已确立的进攻能力。”
"The speed of construction ... demonstrates the ease with which Russia can bring now-established offensive capabilities to bear rapidly," Monnik said.
他补充说，该基地看起来已经非常接近完工，并且“如果不是更早的话，可能在几周内就能全面投入运营。”对北约的挑战该设施的建设正值俄罗斯与北约军事联盟之间的关系恶化之际。
The site, he added, looked very close to completion and it will be "probably a matter of weeks before (it is) fully operational, if not earlier." A CHALLENGE FOR NATO The construction of the facility coincides with worsening relations between Russia and the NATO military alliance.
欧洲各国政府指责莫斯科加紧对其实施破坏、无人机入侵和网络攻击，而俄罗斯上个月警告称，如果北约试图切断其加里宁格勒飞地，俄罗斯可能会使用核武器。
European governments accuse Moscow of stepping up a campaign of sabotage, drone incursions and cyberattacks against them, while Russia warned last month it could use nuclear weapons if NATO attempted to cut off its Kaliningrad exclave.
莫尼克表示，喷气动力无人机的工业化生产、其日益复杂化以及许多北约国家相对缺乏全面的反无人机防御体系的结合，对西方构成了挑战。
Monnik said the combination of industrial production of jet-powered drones, their increasing sophistication and the relative lack of comprehensive counter-drone defences in many NATO countries were a challenge for the West.
他说：“这种迅速部署使用无人机系统（UAS）发动大规模袭击的能力，对北约国家构成了战略脆弱性。”
"This ability to rapidly field an ability to launch large-scale attacks using UAS (unmanned aerial systems) poses a strategic vulnerability for NATO countries," he said.
莫尼克表示，该设施可能有可能在24小时内发射100架或更多的喷气动力无人机，尽管俄罗斯通常全天分小批量发射。这也将取决于可用物资和目标等因素。
Monnik said the facility may have the potential to fire 100 jet-powered drones or more in 24 hours, although Russia normally fires them in small numbers throughout the day. It would also depend on factors like available supplies and objectives.
总部设在伦敦的智库皇家联合军事研究所（RUSI）项目主任罗布·乔丹表示，图像显示的混凝土垫和两个可能的起飞轨道看起来与俄罗斯“天竺葵”无人机的发射轨道一致。
Rob Jordan, programme director at the London-based RUSI think-tank, said the concrete pads and two possible takeoff rails shown in the imagery looked consistent with launch tracks for Russian Geran drones.
他说：“在如此短的时间内达到这种建设水平令人印象深刻。这表明了俄罗斯对其纵深打击能力抱有相当大的信心 —— 这可能会以牺牲其常规地面部队为代价。”
"This level of construction in this short a time is impressive," he said. "This shows the relative faith Russia is putting in its deep strike capability – possibly to the detriment of its conventional land forces." Russia's defence ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the facility and on its jet-powered drone programme more broadly.
俄罗斯国防部没有立即回应就该设施及其喷气动力无人机项目发表评论的请求。喷气式无人机使用量激增军事分析人士表示，随着乌克兰一直在艰难应对喷气动力无人机，俄罗斯已将其无人机生产能力转向了这类机型。
USE OF JET DRONES SURGES Military analysts say Russia has shifted its drone production capabilities to jet-powered models as Ukraine has struggled to counter them.
根据路透社上个月报道的乌克兰军方数据，今年夏天三个月里，俄罗斯喷气动力无人机的使用量大约增加了六倍。数据显示，基辅及周边地区是受攻击最严重的地区。
Russia increased its use of jet-powered drones roughly six-fold over three months this summer, according to Ukrainian military data reported by Reuters last month. Kyiv and the surrounding region were targeted most heavily, the data showed.
喷气式无人机带来了一个难题，因为它们的速度太快，而乌克兰设计的拦截无人机原本是为了以低成本拦截速度较慢、活塞驱动的旧型号。基辅目前正仓促寻求解决方案。
The jet drones pose a problem because they are too fast for the interceptor drones designed by Ukraine to cheaply intercept their slower, piston-powered predecessors. Kyiv is now scrambling to devise a solution.
8月31日拍摄的新设施高空图像显示，田野里有几辆车，但没有施工迹象。第二天早上拍摄的图像显示，施工已经开始。
Overhead imagery of the new facility taken on August 31 pictured a few vehicles in a field but no sign of construction. Imagery taken the following morning showed that work had begun.
该基地占地约0.9平方公里，距离俄罗斯米勒沃空军基地约3.5公里，该基地是第31近卫歼击航空兵团的所在地。
The site, which occupies an area of around 0.9 square kilometres, lies about 3.5 km from Russia's Millerovo air base, home to the 31st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment.
据DroneSec称，新的发射场可能位于该空军基地系统提供的防空“气泡”之内，这使得乌克兰试图瞄准该新设施变得更加困难。
According to DroneSec, the new launch site likely sits within the air defence "bubble" provided by systems at the airbase, making Ukrainian attempts to target the new facility more difficult.
路透社的分析显示，在八个发射平台中，有两个已经装有轨道。另外两个发射垫也在建设轨道中，而其他建设工作本周在太空中历时三天清晰可见。
Of the eight launch platforms, two already had rails on them, a Reuters analysis showed. Rails were being constructed on two other pads as well, while other construction work was visible from space over the course of three days this week.