巴西当局正在调查亚马逊雨林近期野火激增是否是出于政治动机而人为引发的，此次选举第二轮投票将于本月晚些时候举行。
Brazilian authorities are investigating whether a recent surge in wildfires in the Amazon rainforest have been set on purpose for political motives ahead of the second round of presidential elections later this months.
今年该生物群系的火灾次数一直处于历史低位，但自10月4日巴西人参加全国大选第一轮投票以来，火灾次数已增加了三倍。前总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的儿子、参议员弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗获得了47%的选票，而现任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦获得了45%的选票。两人将于10月25日进行决选。
Fire counts across the biome, which have been near historic lows this year, have tripled since Oct. 4, when Brazilians voted in the first round of national elections. Sen. Flavio Bolsonaro, the son of former president Jair Bolsonaro, won 47 per cent of the vote, while President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva received 45 per cent. The two will face off in an Oct. 25 runoff.
“迹象表明，有人蓄意制造了这些火灾，”环境部长若昂·保罗·卡波比安科告诉美联社。
"The indications are that there has been a premeditated effort" to start the fires, Environment Minister João Paulo Capobianco told The Associated Press.
卡波比安科和环境执法官员周日和周三两次飞越受灾地区进行巡查。他表示，他们在受保护的森林区域观察到火灾呈现出明显的几何图案分布，这表明火灾可能是人为引发的。
Capobianco and environmental enforcement officials flew over burned areas on Sunday and again on Wednesday. He said they observed fires in protected forest areas arranged in a distinct geometric pattern, suggesting they may have been deliberately set.
目前尚不清楚是谁引发了这些火灾，也不明确其动机是什么。这些野火在过去几天里尤其集中在亚马逊州和帕拉州。烟雾已经扰乱了亚马逊州首府马瑙斯——也是巴西亚马逊地区最大城市——的日常生活。公立学校停课，居民被建议佩戴口罩。
It's not clear who might have started the fires or what their motivations may be. The wildfires have particularly hit Amazonas and Para states over the past few days. Smoke has disrupted daily life in Manaus, the capital of Amazonas and the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon. Public school classes were cancelled and residents were urged to wear face masks.
地方政客们则宣称自己对灭火工作有功，或指责当局未能采取行动。
Local politicians have claimed credit for firefighting efforts or accused authorities of failing to act.
这些火灾也已成为亚马逊以外地区的争议焦点。在这场选举运动中，森林保护和气候变化问题几乎未受到关注。
The fires have also become a point of contention outside the Amazon, in an election campaign in which forest protection and climate change have received little attention.
亚马逊森林砍伐在前总统博尔索纳罗时期激增，而卢拉已将其降至十年来的最低水平。弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗否认气候变化，但称自己是环境捍卫者，却未提供有关保护亚马逊或支持森林融资的细节。在演讲中，他呼吁现代化环境法律，许多环保人士将其理解为放宽这些法律。
Deforestation in the Amazon soared under former president Bolsonaro, while Lula has brought it back down to the lowest in a decade. Flavio Bolsonaro has denied climate change but said he is an environmental defender, without offering details on protecting the Amazon or supporting forest financing. In speeches, he has called for modernizing environmental laws, which many environmentalists read as loosening them.
博尔索纳罗家族最受欢迎的盟友 — 米纳斯吉拉斯州议员尼科拉斯·费雷拉，以及连任的圣保罗州长塔尔西奥·德弗雷塔斯，均来自巴西东南部 — 上周引用野火批评卢拉政府。德弗雷塔斯称卢拉的工人党是伪君子，并在亚马逊燃烧时“消失”了。
The Bolsonaros' most popular allies — Nikolas Ferreira, a lawmaker from the state of Minas Gerais, and re-elected Sao Paulo Gov. Tarcísio de Freitas, both from southeastern Brazil — cited wildfires last week to criticize Lula's government. De Freitas said Lula's Workers Party were hypocrites and "disappeared" while the Amazon burned.
卢拉未回应批评，但表示他在周六发布于X平台的视频中与亚马逊州长罗伯托·西达通话，并称联邦政府正在派遣资源以支持灭火工作。
Lula did not address the criticism but said in a video posted Saturday on X that he had spoken with Amazonas Gov. Roberto Cidade and that the federal government was sending resources to support firefighting efforts.
“亚马逊人民可以依靠联邦政府。我们在这场保护生命、保护森林和支援面临紧急情况的人们的斗争中并肩作战，”总统说。
"The people of Amazonas can count on the federal government. We are together in this fight to protect lives, preserve the forest and support those facing this emergency," the president said.
35岁的生物学家苏萨娜·布拉兹居住在马瑙斯，她研究亚马逊野火产生的有毒灰烬如何影响该地区的河流。她说，由于卧室充满烟雾，感觉像烧烤架一样，她无法在自己的床上入睡。
Susana Braz, a 35-year-old biologist in Manaus who studies how toxic ash from Amazon wildfires affects the region's rivers, said she could not sleep in her own bed because her smoke-filled bedroom felt like a barbecue grill.
联合国称气候变化已过了无法回头的点，最严重的影响如今不可避免。卢拉和博尔索纳罗将进入巴西总统选举的决选。“我们回到家，屋子里充满烟雾，”布拉兹说。“我们走到外面，到处都是烟雾。”人们一直试图保持正常生活，但过去一周半的烟雾恶化加剧了挫败感。“我们真的要接受这种烟雾作为正常现象，仿佛一切都好，我们只需学会与之共处吗？”她补充道。
Climate change past the point of no return, UN says, as worst impacts are now unavoidable Lula and Bolsonaro head to run-off in Brazil's presidential election "We come home, and the house is full of smoke," Braz said. "We go outside, and there's smoke everywhere." People have tried to carry on as usual, but worsening smoke over the past week and a half has fuelled frustration. "Are we really going to accept this smoke as normal, as if everything is fine and we just have to live with it?" she added.
亚马逊雨林储存着大量碳，并释放出调节南美洲以外地区天气的水分。但气候变化和森林砍伐正使其变得更热、更干、更易燃。厄尔尼诺是一种反复出现的气候模式，也可能加剧高温和干旱。
The Amazon stores vast amounts of carbon and releases moisture that regulates weather far beyond South America. But climate change and deforestation are making it hotter, drier and more flammable. El Niño, a recurring climate pattern, can also worsen heat and drought.
“该地区几乎所有的火灾都是由人类活动引起的，主要是为了更新牧场或清理土地，”巴西非营利组织亚马逊环境研究所科学总监阿内·阿伦卡尔说。“在极度干燥的时期，这些火灾可能会失控。”阿伦卡尔周四表示，随着厄尔尼诺的发展，今年此时的火灾次数预计会增加，但围绕选举的时间点仍然值得关注。
"Nearly all ignitions in the region are caused by human activity, mainly to renew pastures or clear land," said Ane Alencar, science director at Brazil's nonprofit Amazon Environmental Research Institute. "During very dry periods, those fires can escape." Fire counts were expected to increase at this time of year with a developing El Niño, but the timing around elections is still notable, Alencar said Thursday.
“在过去的10天里，我们看到的火灾热点几乎是选举前10天的三倍，主要集中在马瑙斯周边，”她说。“发生了一些事情，导致人们燃烧更多。”负责管理巴西保护区的联邦机构ICMBio的协调员若昂·莫里塔一直在亚马逊保护区的一线扑救火灾。他表示，多种因素可能解释该地区上周火灾的激增，包括国家森林居民在禁令下仍在燃烧农作物地块。
"Over the past 10 days, we've seen fire hot spots nearly triple compared with the 10 days before the election, mainly around Manaus," she said. "Something happened that led people to burn more." João Morita, a co-ordinator at ICMBio, the federal agency that manages Brazil's protected areas, has been on the front lines fighting fires in conservation areas in the Amazon. He said several factors could explain last week's spike in the region, including residents of national forests burning crop plots, despite a ban.
“火灾起因各异。有些是对执法行动的报复。其他则是出于恶意而故意点燃的。任何未经授权的燃烧都是犯罪，因此可能性多种多样，”莫里塔说。
"Fires start for all sorts of reasons. Some are retaliation for enforcement actions. Others are deliberately set with malicious intent. Any unauthorized burning is a crime, so there is a range of possibilities," Morita said.
官员和研究人员警告称，厄尔尼诺对亚马逊的影响在2027年可能比今年更严重。
Officials and researchers have warned that El Nino's effects on the Amazon could be worse in 2027 than this year.